120202 - 6 min English - Scott of the Antarctic

BBC Learning English 6 Minute English

Scott of the Antarctic NB: This is not a word for word transcript

Michelle:

Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Michelle.

Helen:

And I'm Helen.

Michelle:

Today we're talking about one of the most famous explorers of all time - Scott of the Antarctic. 2012 marks the 100th anniversary of Captain Scott and his team making their epic journey to the South Pole. An expedition from which, sadly, they never returned.

Helen:

Now the Natural History Museum in London is marking the anniversary with a new exhibition.

Michelle:

And we'll hear more about that shortly, because of course first it's time for your quiz question Helen. Are you ready?

Helen:

Go on then.

Michelle:

OK. Now, Scott and his team were the first British explorers to reach the South Pole. But my question is; going back in history to 1773, which other famous British explorer led the first successful expedition across the Antarctic Circle? Was it: a) Captain James Cook b) Sir Francis Drake c) Admiral Horatio Nelson

Helen:

6 Minute English

I have no idea! I'm going to have a guess. Captain James Cook?

© bbclearningenglish.com 2012 Page 1 of 6

Michelle:

Well we'll find out the answer at the end of the programme. But back to Scott and his Antarctic expedition. Captain Robert Falcon Scott was a British Royal Navy Officer and an adventurer. In 1912 he and his team set off on an expedition to be the first people to reach the South Pole.

Helen:

Yes but the British team were beaten by a Norwegian group, and on their way back, the men sadly died of exposure in the freezing conditions.

Michelle:

So sadly the epic journey ended in failure and tragedy.

Helen:

Let's hear from Natural History Museum curator Douglas Russell talking about Scott's journey, or as he calls it, a "polar endeavour". To endeavour means to make a great effort to try to achieve something. In this clip see if you can catch what sort of extreme conditions Scott and his team had to face during their journey.

Douglas Russell, curator, Natural History Museum, London: It's one of the most gallant stories in the history of Polar endeavour. Three men spent five weeks walking across Ross Island in Antarctica in pitch darkness. The temperatures that they endured were extraordinary. It's very difficult, I think, for most people to understand that it's your ability to function at those extraordinary low temperatures.

Michelle:

So did you catch some of the extreme conditions the curator described there Helen?

Helen:

Yes he said that the men had to spend five weeks walking in pitch darkness.

Michelle:

Yes pitch darkness, or as we sometimes say 'pitch black', means no light at all. And did you hear how he described the temperatures in the South Pole?

Helen:

Yes he said that "the temperatures they endured were extraordinary". To endure something means to carry on through hardship or difficult conditions. It's hard to even imagine how cold it must get in the Antarctic!

6 Minute English

© bbclearningenglish.com 2012 Page 2 of 6

Michelle:

Well did you know that temperatures dropped to minus forty degrees Celsius? And it was so freezing that the men's teeth actually cracked!

Helen:

Minus forty degrees. That really is extraordinary!

Michelle:

But even though we know Scott's race to the South Pole ended in failure, the Natural History Museum wants to celebrate the explorers' achievements.

Helen:

Yes in fact while Scott and his team were in the Antarctic, they collected a number of interesting scientific items. For example they collected rocks. But probably the most famous item they collected was emperor penguin eggs.

Michelle:

So these items are on display in the exhibition along with some of the equipment the men used during their journey. In this next clip we'll hear from another curator at the museum, Elin Simonson. What items is she describing here?

Elin Simonson, curator, National History Museum, London: We also have the balaclava that Cherry-Garrard wore, and you can see how he attached a nose piece to the balaclava and he actually writes about it later, talking about how cold it was and he needed to protect his nose. And it's really nice to actually see that. And a thermal flask they had, and a light - of course it was dark - so this is a light they had with them.

Michelle:

So did you catch the first item the curator described there Helen?

Helen:

Yes a balaclava which is a type of hat that covers the whole head and neck. And it sounds like this one was specially made to protect the wearer's nose against the freezing weather.

Michelle:

That's right this balaclava was worn by an explorer called Cherry-Garrard, who had joined Scott in some of his earlier journeys. And did you catch the other two items mentioned there?

Helen:

6 Minute English

There was a thermal flask and a light they used.

© bbclearningenglish.com 2012 Page 3 of 6

Michelle:

So these are just some of the items which tell the story of Scott's epic journey, or as it's sometimes called, 'his voyage to the end of the world'. Well Helen it's time to find out if you got your quiz question right. I asked you; which famous British explorer was the first person to cross the Antarctic Circle in 1773. And your choices were: a) Captain James Cook b) Sir Francis Drake c) Admiral Horatio Nelson And what was your answer?

Helen:

I think I said Captain James Cook.

Michelle:

A good guess. I can tell you that the answer is Captain James Cook. He set sail on a ship called the Resolution with his crew and a number of scientists on board. And although the ship was the first to cross to Antarctic Circle in 1773. He never actually saw Antarctica itself because too much ice blocked the way. OK Helen please could you remind us of today's words?

Helen:

Of course. They are:

explorers epic journey expedition exhibition exposure endeavour pitch darkness endured

6 Minute English

© bbclearningenglish.com 2012 Page 4 of 6

a balaclava Michelle:

Thanks very much Helen. And that's all we've got time for today, but please do join us again for more 6 Minute English. Bye

Helen:

6 Minute English

Bye

© bbclearningenglish.com 2012 Page 5 of 6

Vocabulary and definitions explorers

people who travel to unknown places to find out about them

epic journey

a trip that is very ambitious and long

expedition

an organised journey or voyage with a specific purpose

exhibition

a display of items, usually at a museum or gallery

exposure

being outside in severe weather for too long

endeavour

to make a great effort to achieve something

pitch darkness

without any daylight, the term 'pitch black' is also commonly used

endured

carried on through hardships

a balaclava

a warm woollen hood that covers the head, neck and ears

More on this story: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-16628909 Read and listen to the story online: http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/general/sixminute/2012/01/120202_6min_english_scott.shtml

6 Minute English

© bbclearningenglish.com 2012 Page 6 of 6