An Organic Chemistry Self-Study Exercise Naming Simple and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons This is a self study exercise. Cover Question 2 with a sheet of pa...
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An Organic Chemistry Self-Study Exercise Naming Simple and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons This is a self study exercise. Cover Question 2 with a sheet of paper. Answer Question 1. The answer for Question 1 is at the top of Question 2. Move the sheet down to Question 3. Answer Question 2. It's answer is at the top of Question 3
1. In studying inorganic chemistry, you learned that the carbon atom has a valence (oxidation number) that is usually 4. But in organic chemistry the term bond is used in place of valence. Thus we say that the carbon atom has (how many?) ______ bonds?
2. 4 Hydrogen has a valence of +1, so it must have (how many? ) _____ bonds? 3. Oxygen, with a valence of -2, we can describe as having _______
1
4. two bonds In writing chemcial symbols or formula, we can draw short lines to represent bonds. Hydrogen, with one bond, can be written thus: HOxygen has two bonds. How can it be written? ________ 5. O= or -OCarbon has four bonds. They are usually shown as four short lines distributed evenly around the symbol for carbon. Try to draw it. __________ 6.
| -C|
Carbon has four bonds. Hydrogen has one bond. If a hydrogen atom were connected to each bond of a carbon atom, there would be (how many?) _________ hydrogen atoms? 7. 4 The simplest way to write the molecular formula for a compound of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms is ___________ 8. CH4 The name of CH4 is methane. Pronounce it meth'ane. It rhymes with "pane." Write the name of the compound whose formula is CH4.
methane 9. We are talking about a compound named methane. The formula for methane is CH4. That still does not tell us all we need to know about methane. We need to show the structure of the methane moelcule.
The carbon atom has (how many?) bonds. _________ The hydrogen atom has (how many?) bonds. _________
4
10. Look at this structure:
1
The short line that represents each bond of the carbon atom also represents the bond of the hydrogen atom. We say that each hydrogen atom shares one of the carbon atom's _______ 11. bonds Using the symbol for carbon, draw two carbon atoms connected by one shared bond.________ 12. C-C In the diagram C-C, the short line represents one of the bonds possessed by both carbon atoms. Each atom has (how many?) ________ such bonds? 13. 4 If each carbon atom has four bonds, and if this diagram: C-C shows the two atoms sharing one bond between them, how many more bonds should each atom be shown as possessing? __________ 14. Draw the C-C diagram with all bonds shown. _________
three
| | -C-C| |
15. How many hydrogen atoms can be added to this structure: | | -C-C| | so that all bond requirements will be satisfied? ________ 16. six Draw the structure of a compound that contains two carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms____
17. Write the molecular formula for the compound whose structure you just drew.________ 18. C2H6 The compound C2H6 is called ethane. Pronounce it eth'ane. It rhymes with "pane." Are all bonds "satisfied" in the compound C2H6? _______ 19. The name of the compound CH4 is _________ The name of the compound C2H6 is _________
Yes
20.
methane ethane
Methane has one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. Ethane has two carbon atoms, and six hydrogen atoms. Now we will look at a compound that has one more carbon atom. Draw three carbon atoms connected by single (shared) bonds. ________ 21. How many hydrogen atoms can be attached to C-C-C in order to satisfy all bond requirements? _______ 22. The molecular formula for this compound is ________
C-C-C
8
23. C3H8 Can you attach the same number of hydrogen atoms to each of the carbon atoms? _______
no 24. Draw a diagram to show the structure of C3H8 ________ 25.
H H H | | | H-C-C-C-H | | | H H H The name of the compound is propane. The molecular formula for propane is________? 26. The name of CH4 is _________
C3H8
27. The name of C2H6 is __________
methane
28. The name of C3H8 is __________
ethane
29. Draw four carbon atoms in a row, connected by the fewest possible number of bonds. _______
propane
30. The total number of hydrogens that will satisfy all bond requirements of C-C-C-C is ________ 31. The molecular formula for that compound is __________
C-C-C-C
10
32. C4H10 The name of the compound is butane. Pronounce it bew'tane. The molecular formula for butane is ______________ 33. The name of CH4 is ___________
C4H10
34. The molecular formula of butane is ________
methane
35. The name of C3H8 is ___________
C4H10
propane 36. The molecular formula of ethane is _________ 37. The molecular formula for methane is ________
C2H6
38. The name of C2H6 is __________
CH4
39. The name of C4H10 is __________
ethane
40. The molecular formula of propane is ____________
butane
41. C3H8 All of the compounds so far studied have names that end in _________ 42. ane In organic chemistry there are a number of such "series" of compounds. A series is named after the first compound in it. This series, therefore, is called the __________ series of hydrocarbons. 43. methane There is a general formula for all compounds in the methane series: CnH2n+2 So if there are four carbon atoms, n is 4, and 2n + 2 = 8 +2 = 10. The compound is C4H10, and the name of that compound is _________ 44. butane If there were five carbon atoms (n = 5), the molecular formula of that member of the series would be _______ 45. C5H12 The name of C5H12 is pentane. This name and the names of the next few compounds in the methane series will be easy to remember. "Pent" means "five" in this and other words, such as "Pentagon," which is a five-sided diagram, and "pentacle," which is a five-pointed star. Draw the diagram for pentane _________
H HH H H | | | | | H-C-C-C-C-C-H | | | | | H HH H H 46. The next hydrocarbon in the series is hexane. The prefix "hex" means "six," so the formula for hexane (CnH2n+2) is ______ 47. The prefix that means "seven" is "hept," and so the compound is ___________
C6H14
48. From the words "octet" and "octagon" we know that the prefix meaning "eight" is ____________
heptane
49. oct The name of the hydrocarbon with eight carbon atoms is __________ Its formula is ___________ 50.
octane C8H18 The next in line is nonane, which has (how many?) ______ carbon atoms. It has the formula _________ 51.
nine C9H20
The prefix meaning "ten" is "dec," which we already knew from words like "decade" and "decimal". The hydrocarbon decane (deck'ane) has (how many?) _______carbon atoms and (how many?) ________ hydrogen atoms? 52.
10 22
Octane has (how many?) ________ carbon atoms? 53. Pentane has (how many?) ________ carbon atoms?
8
54. Heptane has (how many? _______ carbon atoms.
5
7 55. Decane has (how many?) _______ carbon atoms. 56. Nonane has (how many?) ______ carbon atoms?
10
57. Hexane has (how many?) ______ carbon atoms?
9
58. Methane has (how many?) _____ carbon atoms?
6
59. The compound in the methane series that has three carbon atoms is called ________.
1
60. The compound in the methane series that has two carbon atoms is called ________.
propane
61. ethane The methane series compound with nine carbon atoms is _______. 62. nonane The general formula for compounds in the methane series is: 63. The name of C7H16 is _______
CnH2n+2
64. The name of C6H14 is _______
heptane
65. hexane The methane series compound with eight carbon atoms is ________ 66. octane The methane series compound with four carbon atoms is ________ 67. The name of CH4 is _________
butane
68. If a methane series compound has ten carbon atoms it has (how many?) _____ hydrogen atoms and its name is _______
methane
22, decane 69. The compound C5H12 is __________ 70. pentane Name, and write the formula for the first ten hydrocarbons in the methane series in consecutive order. 71.
CH4, methane C2H6, ethane C3H8, propane C4H10, butane C5H12, pentane C6H14, hexane C7H16, heptane C8H18, octane C9H20, nonane C10H22, decane
Draw two carbon atoms connected by a double bond. That is, with two bonds shared by both atoms. _____
72. But since a carbon atom has only (how many?) ______ bonds, each of the carbon atoms in the diagram has left only (how many?) _____ unused bonds. 73.
4 2
How many hydrogen atoms can be attached to each of the carbon atoms? ________ 74. The molecular formula of the compound is __________
2
75. Draw the diagram for the compound_______
C2H4
76. What is the name of the compound C2H6? _______
OR
OR
ethane 77. The difference between ethane, C2H6, and this new compound, C2H4, is the difference of the two hydrogen atoms resulting from the different bonding of the carbon atoms. There is a difference in the name, too. Ethene is the name of the new compound whose molecular formula is __________
78. C2H4 When the compound has a double bond between carbon atoms, the name of the compound ends with _________ 79. Look at this structure:
ene
C-C=C How many hydrogen atoms can be connected to it in order to complete all the bonds? ________
80. 6 The molecular formula for the compound is _________ 81. Draw the structure of the compound ___________
C3H6
82. The three-carbon comopund in the methane series is called propane. The three-carbon compound in this new series is called _________. 83. propene A series of hydrocarbons can be buit up with a double bond between two of the carbon atoms. The series is named for the first compounds in the series. The new series we are working with is called the ethene series. Why isn't there a "methene" to begin the series? For a clue, think about the number of carbon atoms needed._________
84.
Methane has only 1 carbon atom. You need at least two carbon atoms to form a double bond. A characteristic of an "ethene" compound is that there is a double bond between two carbon atoms.
The four-carbon compound in the methane series is called ______ The four-carbon compound in the ethene series is called _______
85.
butane butene The five-carbon compound in the ethene series is called __________ 86. pentene There is a general formula for all of the compounds in the ethene series CnH2n Thus there are always _______ as many hyrogen atoms as there are carbon atoms. 87. The formula for octene is ___________
twice
88. C8H16 The general formula for the methane series is CnH2n+2 The general formula for the ethane series is CnH2n The ethene compound always has two fewer atoms than the methane compound. Why? ______
89.
The double bond in the ethene takes away two possible attachments for hydrogen atoms.
The formula for hexene is ____________ 90. C6H12 The prefix "dec" as in "decade" and "decimal" means __________ 91. The formula for decene (dess'een) is __________
ten
92. The formula for decane is _________
C10H20
93. The formula for pentane is _________
C10H22
94. The formula for pentene is _________
C5H12
95. C5H10 If the number of hydrogen atoms in a compound is twice the number of carbon atoms, the name of the compound ends in the suffix _______ 96. If the number of hydrogen atoms in a compound is twice the number of carbon atoms plus 2, the name of the compound ends in ________.
ene
97. The name of C6H12 is _________
ane
98. The name of C4H10 is _________
hexene
99. The name of C5H10 is _________
butane
100. The name of C9H18 is _________
pentene
Nonene
101. The compound is C7H14. Its name is ________ 102. The compound is C8H18. Its name is __________
heptene
103. The name of C2H6 is _____
octane
104. The name of C9H20 is _______
ethane
105. The name of C2H4 is _______
nonane
106. The name of C10H22 ends in ______ The name of the compound is ________
ethene
107.
ane decane
Now draw two carbon atoms connected by three shared bonds. This we will call a triple bond. _______ 108. How many free bonds are left on each carbon atom? _______
109. Add hydrogen to this diagram:
one
The molecular formula of the compound is _________ 110. Draw the structure of the compound _______
C2H2
111. The name of this compound is ethyne. It rhymes with "fine." A hydrocarbon whose name ends in yne has a (what kind?) _______ bond between two (what element?) _______ atoms. 112.
triple carbon
If a hydrocarbon has no more than a single bond between two carbon atoms, its name ends in _______ 113. If a hydrocarbon has no more than a double bond between two carbon atoms, it belongs to the _________ series.
ane
114. ethene If a hydrocarbon contains a triple bond, its name ends in ________ 115. Look at this structure
yne
How many hydrogen atoms will it take to satisfy all of the bonds that are free? ________
116. How many hydrogen atoms can be attached to the middle carbon in that structure?
four
117. A hydrocarbon based on the structure:
none
has this molecular formula ________ 118. Draw the diagram for the compound. ________
C3H4
119. The three-carbon compound in the methane series is called _______ The three-carbon compound in the ethene series is called ________ The three-carbon compound in the ethyne series is called ________ 120.
propane propene propyne
A series of hydrocarbons containing triple bonds can be built up as was done with the methane and ethene series. The new series is named for the first compound. Since the first compound has two carbon atoms joined by a single bond, the name of the series is ________ 121. ethyne In the methane series a four-carbon compound is called _______ In the ethene series it is called ________ In the ethyne series it is called ________ 122.
butane butene butyne
The five-carbon comound in the ethyne series is called ________ 123. The general formula for the ethyne is CnH2n-2 So the molecular formula for butyne is __________
pentyne
124. The molecular formula for octyne is _________
C4H6
125. The molecular formula for hexyne is _________
C8H14
126. The molecular formula for heptene is _________
C6H10
127. The molecular formula for heptyne is __________
C7H14
128. The molecular formula for heptane is __________
C7H12
129. The molecular formula for octane is ___________
C7H16
130. The name of the compound is decene. Its molecular formula is __________
C8H18
131. The name of the compound is nonane. Its molecular formula is _________
C10H20
132. The name of the compound is ethyne. Its molecular formula is _______
C9H20
133. The formula for propene is _______
C2H2
134. The formula for methane is _________
C3H6
135. The formula for ethene is ___________
CH4
136. The molecular formula of ethane is _________
C2H4
137. C2H2 belongs to the ____ series of hydrocarbons.
C2H6
138. C6H12 belongs to the _______ series
ethyne
139. C5H10 belongs to the ______ series
ethene
140. C7H12 belongs to the ______ series
ethene
141. C8H18 belongs to the ______ series
ethyne
142. C4H8 belongs to the ______ series
methane
143. C5H8 belongs to the ______ series
ethene
144. C3H8 belongs to the ______ series
ethyne
145. CH4 belongs to the ______ series
methane
146. The name of C2H4 is _______
methane
147. The name of C3H4 is _______
ethene
148. The name of CH4 is _______
propyne
149. The name of C5H10 is _______
methane
150. The name of C7H16 is _______
pentene
151. The name of C6H12 is _______
heptane
152. The name of C8H16 is _______
hexene
153. The name of C9H16 is _______
octene
154. The name of C4H10 is _______
nonyne
155. The name of C2H2 is _______
butane
156. Draw the structure of propane _________
ethyne
157. Draw the structure of propyne. ________
OR 158. Look at this diagram:
The molecular formula for the compound is ________ The name of the compound is _______ 159.
CH4 methane
Now look at this diagram:
This is a carbon atom with only three hydrogen atoms attached to it, and one bond left free. If there were another hydrogen atom, the compound would be _______
160. Look at this diagram:
methane
This kind of structure is called a radical (or sometimes a group). Radicals are named for the compounds they come from. The ending of the compound's name is dropped off and the syllable 'yl' (pronounced ill) takes its place. This radical comes from methane. What is the name of the radical? _______ 161. The formula for the methyl radical is CH3What does the dash mark represent? ________
methyl
162. The compound C2H6 can be represented thus:
the unattached bond
The name of the compound is _________ 163. The radical that is based on ethane has this structure:
ethane
The name of the radical is _________
164. ethyl The three-carbon radical from propane would be called ________ 165. The molecular formula for ethane is C2H6. The molecular formula for the ethyl radicle is _______
propyl
166. The molecular formula for propane is C3H8. The molecular formula for the propyl radical is ________
C2H5-
167. The name of CH3- is ___________
C3H7-
168. The name of C2H5- is _________
the methyl radical
169. The name of C3H7- is __________
the ethyl radical
170. The inorganic compound NH4Cl is composed of a radical whose formula of NH4+ and whose name is the ammonium radical, bonded to a chloride ion The organic compound CH3Cl is composed of a CH3or methyl radical bonded to a chloride ion. The name of NH4Cl is ammonium chloride. The name of CH3Cl is __________
the propyl radical
171. The name of the compound CH3I is _________
methyl chloride
172. The name of the compound CH3Br is ________
methyl iodide
173. The name of C2H5Cl is ___________
methyl bromide
174. The name of C2H5I is ____________
ethyl chloride
175. The name of C3H7Br is ___________
ethyl iodide
propyl bromide
176. Look at these two diagrams:
Each has a long chain of carbon atoms. In both cases the chain consists of (how many?) _______ carbon atoms. Look at the left-hand diagram. You know the name of this compound. It is _______ Look at the right-hand diagram. The diagram is the same as for butane except that one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by a little group of atoms consisting of ________ But we already know that such a group whether it is arranged this way:
or this way
or this way
is called the ________ radical. What we have, then, is a sort of butane with a methyl radical replacing one of the hydrogens. Or, to say it another way, we have some kind of _________ butane.
177.
four butane 1 carbon and 3 hydrogens methyl methyl
Now to find out how to name this butane-with-a-methyl-radical. It is considered that such a radical is attached to a certain one of the four carbon atoms. Draw the four-carbon chain, with its single bonds, and number each carbon beginning at the left. Then number them again, beginning at the right. ______
178. This is the diagram for the compound we are to name:
The name of the compound is 2-methyl butane. "Butane" is part of the name because _______.
The compound is basically the butane formula, with four carbons. "Methyl" is part of the name because _______ There is a methyl radical instead of a hydrogen attached to one of the carbons. "2" is part of the name because (notice where the radical is attached) ________ The methyl radical is attached to the second carbon atom from the left, in the diagram. 179. Now look at this diagram:
It is somewhat different from 2-methylbutane. There are (how many?) atoms in the main chain of carbon atoms._______
six There is a methyl radical, but it is attached to the carbon atom that is placed ________. 180. A compound in the methane series that has six carbons with single bonds between them is named __________.
third from the left
181. hexane But when a certain hydrogen atom in hexane is replaced by a methyl radical, the compound is some sort of ________ hexane. 182. To find the exact name, we must describe the position of the carbon atom to which the methyl radical is attached. Correctly numbered, the carbon chain looks like this:
methyl
The methyl radical is attached to the third carbon from the left. The number of that carbon is 3, beginning from the left, or 4, beginning from the right. There is a rule: When you have a choice of numbers for describing a radical always choose the smallest. Therefore, the name of this kind of methylhexane is ________
183. Suppose the formula had been written thus:
This arrangement shows the methyl radical above its attachment to the carbon atom. Would that have changed the name? No, it would still be attached to the 3 (or 4) carbon atom, and its name would still be ________
3-methylhexane
184. Look at this diagram:
3-methylhexane
The longest chain has (how many?) ________ carbon atoms? 8 The compound is some sort of ___________ 185. octane Look at the radical attached to the carbon chain. It is not a methyl radical, which we write in this way: CH3Write the formula of this new radical in a similar way ________ C2H5The name of the radical is the _________ radical 186. The compound is, then, some sort of ethyl octane. We will complete the name by numbering the carbon atom to which the ethyl radical is attached.
ethyl
Number the chain of carbon atoms, remember the rule about numbering and write the name of the compound _________
187. 4-ethyloctane Did you make an error? The carbon atom was fifth from the left and fourth from the right. The rule is that when you have a choice of numbers, you use the ___________
188. smaller number Here is a different formula. Don't worry about the extra-long lines that represent bonds between the carbon atoms in the chain. They are still just single bonds, but more room is needed to write in the rest of the diagram.
The longest carbon chain contains (how many?) carbon atoms _________
five Therefore the compound is some kind of __________ 189. Attached to the chain are two _________ radicals
pentane
methyl
190. When there are two such radicals attached to a chain, we do not call them simply "methyl", but rather we attach the prefix "di", ("Di" means "two".) The name of such a radical is _______
191. Look at the diagram above. Number the carbon atoms in both directions. Apply the numbering rule. What are the numbers of the carbon atoms that you will use in the complete name? _____
dimethyl
192. The name of the compound is ___________
2,3
193. What is the name of this compound ________
2,3-dimethylpentane
194. This compound still has the three-carbon propane chain, but something has been substituted for two hydrogens. What has been substituted? ______
propane
two methyl radicals The compound is some kind of ________ propane dimethyl Both methyl radicals are attached to the (what number?) ________ caarbon atom. 2 Since each radical must be numbered, the name of the compound is 2,2 ________ 195. Here is a new diagram.
2,2-dimethylpropane
The longest chain of carbon atoms has (how many?) _______ atoms. five The presence of five bonded carbon atoms indicates that this is a ________ compound pentane There are (how many?) _____ methyl radicals attached to the chain.
196. three "Di" means two. "Tri" means three. When two methyl radicals are attached to the same chain, The name "methyl" changes to __________ 197. dimethyl When three methyl radicals are attached to the same chain, the name "methyl" changes to ______ 198. trimethyl In deciding how to number the carbon atom to which a radical is attached, you know that you choose the lowest possible number. When you have more than one attached radical, whether you start with a carbon atom at the left of the chain or at the right of the chain, you just keep numbering in the same direction. In the compound we are studying, we start with the carbon atom at the left and number left to right. To what carbon atoms are the methyl radicals attached? _______
199. What is the name of the compound? _________
2,3,4
200. 2,3,4-trimethylpentane Here is the diagram of another compound. The hydrogen atoms have been left off for the sake of clarity. However they are still there in real life and you must always count bonds to make sure that the diagram is proper.
The longest carbon chain conatins (how many of what?) _______ six carbon atoms The compound is therefore some kind of __________ Hexane
201. There are three attached methyl radicals, so the word ______ will be part of the complete name.
202. There are two methyl radicals on one carbon atom, and one on another. The name of the compound is ___________
trimethyl
203. 2,2,3-trimethylhexane If there are two identical radicals attached to a chain, the name of the radical has the prefix _________ 204. If there are four identical radicals the prefix is "tetra." If there are five identical radicals the prefix is "penta." If there are three identical radicals the prefix is ________
di
205. tri If there were four methyl radicals attached to a carbon chain, one of the words in the full name of the compound would be __________ 206. tetramethyl In the case of a carbon chain with five methyl radicals attached, the name of the compound would contain the word ______ 207. Here is another diagram:
pentamethyl
The longest chain has (how many?) _______ carbons? 8 The compound is therefore a kind of _________ 208. octane Since there are (how many?) ________ methyl radicals attached to the chain, one word in the complete name will be _______ 209. Numbering carbon atoms from the left, and noting points of attachment, the full name of the compound is ________
4 tetramethyl
210. Name this compound ___________
2,3,4,6-tetramethyloctane
211. Name this compound ___________
2-methylhexane
212. 3,4-dimethylheptane Copy this diagram and, just to make sure, write in the hydrogen symbols where they belong ______
213. What is the name of the formula you have just wrote? 214. 2,3,3,4-tetramethylpentane What is the name of this compound? _______
215. Examine this diagram:
3,4,5,6,7-pentamethyldecane
The longest chain contains (how many?) ______ carbon atoms? 5 That kind of chain tells us that the compound is some kind of _________ 216. The attached radical is called the _______ radical.
pentane
217. The molecular formula of the ethyl radical is ________
ethyl
218. C2H5The full name of the compound will contain the two words _________ 219. Number the chain, and we find that the full name of the compound is ___________
ethylpentane
220.
3-ethylpentane
The longest chain in the compound has (how many?) ________carbon atoms 8 The compound is a sort of _________ 221. octane Two methyl radicals attached to the same carbon would not be called "methyl" but would be called _______ 222. dimethyl In the same way two ethyl radicals on the same chain would be called ________ 223. In the above diagram, how many radicals are attached to the chain __________
diethyl
2 What kind of radicals are they? 224. The compound shown in the diagram above has a carbon chain of eight atoms and is therefore some sort of ________
ethyl
octane There are two ethyl radicals attached to the chain. Therefore one of the words in the full name will be ________ diethyl The ethyl radicals are attached to the carbon atoms numbered _______ 3,4 The name of the compound is __________ 225. Study this diagram:
3,4-diethyloctane
What is its name?________ 226. Study this diagram:
4,4-diethylnonane
The longest chain contains (how many?) carbon atoms______ 7 The compound is a kind of _________ 227. The carbon chain has two attached radicals. One radical is a _______ radical, the other is a _______ radical.
heptane
228.
methyl ethyl
The methyl radical is attached to the number ______ carbon. 229. 2 The ethyl radical is attached to the number ______ carbon. 230. The name of the compound is 2-methyl-4-ethyl _______
4
231. Study this diagram:
heptane
This is a heptane compound because: 232.
There is a single-bonded carbon chain of 7 atoms Attached to the carbon chain are two ______ radicals and one ____ radical. 233.
methyl ethyl The methyl radicals are on carbons number ____ and ____ 234. The ethyl radical is on carbon number ______
3,4
235. The name of this compound is ______
4
236. Name this compound:
3,4-dimethyl-4-ethylheptane
237. Name this compound:
3,4,4,6-tetramethyl-5-ethyldecane
238. Name this compound:
3,4-dimethyl-3,4-diethylhexane
2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-4,5-diethyloctane
239. Write the diagram for 3-methylpentane. First: The name pentane indicates a chain containing ________ carbon atoms.
five Second: Draw a five-carbon chain, with bonds, and number the atoms from either end. ______
Third: Since the compound is 3-methylpentane, there must be a ______ radical on the #3 ______ methyl carbon atom Fourth: Write the diagram for a methyl radical. ______
Fifth: Show the methyl radical attached to the third carbon.____
Sixth: Draw all the necessary bond lines. Add the hydrogen symbols._____
240. Draw the structure of 2,4-dimethylheptane. First: The name "heptane" indicates a carbon chain of (How many?) _______ atoms. 7 Second: "Dimethyl" indicates that there are (how many?) _______ methyl radicals. two Third: The radicals are attached to the carbon atoms numbered ______ and _______. 2,4 Fourth: Draw the diagram, showing the radicals attached to the correct carbon atoms._____
241. Draw the structure of 3,5-dimethyl-4-ethyloctane. ______ First: Draw a chain of eight single-bonded carbons, number for the left or the right.
Second: The compound contains (how many?) ______ methyl radicals and (how many?) _______ ethyl radicals?
2, 1 Third: The methyl radicals will be attached to carbon (what number?) _____ and (what number?) _____ 3, 5 Fourth: The ethyl radical is attached to the carbon atom numbered _____ 4 Fifth: The complete structure is ______
242. Draw the structural diagram for: 3,3,6-trimethyl-4,5-diethylnonane._______
243. Draw the structural diagram for: 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-4,5-diethyldecane._______
244.
2-methyl hexane should be written 2-methylhexane, with no space between "methyl" and "hexane." 2,3-dimethyl-4-ethyl octane should be written 2,3-dimethyl-4-ethyloctane. 2,3,5-trimethyl decane should be written as ______
245.
2,3,5-trimethyldecane
Butane has a four carbon single bond chain. Its molecular formula follows this pattern: CnH2n+2 Write the molecular formula for butane._______
C4H10 246. The compound butene has a four-carbon chain, but there is a double bond etween two of the carbons. The molecular formula is CnH2n Write the formula for butene._______ C4H8 247. We can draw the diagram for butene in two different ways. These structures are called isomers (eye' so mers.) This shows one isomer of butene:
The double bond is between which two carbons?_______ carbons 2 and 3 This shows the other isomer of butene:
The double bond is between which two carbons? ________
carbons 1 and 2 Many other chemical compounds besides butene have isomers. Isomers of a compound have exactly the same number of the same kinds of atoms, but are arranged structurally a bit differently. Isomers have chemical properties somewhat different from each other.
248. The isomers of butene are described according to the location of the double bond. In this isomer:
the double bond is beween carbon atoms #1 and #2. We always assign the smaller of carbon-chain numbers. The name of this isomer is, therefore, but-1-ene. This is the other isomer of butene:
What is its name?______
but-2-ene 249. Remember that we number a carbon chain from both ends, and choose the smaller of the two numbers that each carbon atom will have. Suppose that we had a long carbon chain like this:
The double bond connects the carbon atom numbered 2 and 8 with the carbon atom numbered 3 and 7 What number will you use?
2 250. Now look at this chain:
The double bond connects the carbon atom numbered 7 and 3 with the carbon atom numbered 8 and 2. What number will you use?______
2 251. This isomer has six carbons atoms, two of which are joined by a double bond. Therefore it is an isomer of hexene.
Write its full name. _________ hex-2-ene 252. This isomer has six carbons atoms,
two of which are joined by a double bond. Therefore it is an isomer of hexene.
Write its full name._____ 253. This isomer has six carbons atoms, two of which are joined by a double bond. Therefore it is an isomer of hexene.
hex-2-ene
Write its full name._______ 254. Study this diagram:
hex-3-ene
There are five carbon atoms with one double bond. Therefore this is some sort of ________ pentene The double bond begins on the carbon atom numbered ________ one The full name of the pentene is therefore ________ pent-1-ene Attached to the chain is a ______ radical. methyl The radical is attached to carbon atom number ______ 3 The full name of the compound is _________
255. What is the name of this isomer?
3-methylpent-1-ene
2-methylhex-2-ene 256. What is the name of this compound? ________
3,3-dimethylpent-2-ene 257. A carbon chain can have two double bonds. There is a word to describe that. The word is alos used as a suffix, as we shall see. The word is diene (dy' een). The "di" part of diene means _____ 2 The "ene" part of the word means_________ a double bond Look at this diagram:
Does the diagram show the correct number of hydrogen bonds?______ yes The double bonds begin on carbons number _______ and number ______ 1,3 259. With these clues: the four-carbon butane chain; the suffix diene; the double-bonding at the 1,3 carbon atoms; name the compound._____
buta-1,3-diene 260. Look at this diagram:
Since there are two double bonds, the suffix of the name of the compound will be _______ diene Since there is a main chain of five carbon atoms, part of the name will be ______ penta Double-bond attachments will be shown by these numbers _________ 1,3 There is a ________ radical attached to the chain. methyl Point of attachment of the methyl radical is shown by the number _________ 3 Name the compound ________ 3-methylpenta-1,3-diene 261. Look at this diagram, which shows a triple bond.
The four-carbon chain and the triple bond show that it is some kind of ________ butyne The triple bond begins on carbon atom number _______ 2 The name of the compound is __________
but-2-yne 262. Name this compound._______
pent-1-yne 263. Name this compound.________
pent-2-yne 264. Name this compound.__________
4-methylpent-2-yne
Source: Stretton, Tom. . Ed. Tom Stretton. UCDSB, 2 Mar. 2013. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. http://www2.ucdsb.on.ca/tiss/stretton/chem1/organicx.html Modified by K. Godber – Oct 2013
