w pracy i biznesie Intensywny kurs w 30 lekcjach
eBOOK
• Ksià˝ka + audio CD • Praktyczny j´zyk biznesu • Aktualna i nowoczesna tematyka • ˚ywe dialogi
wydawnictwo LINGO
Hubert Karbowy
ANGIELSKI w pracy i biznesie Intensywny kurs w 30 lekcjach
Konsultacja metodyczna: dr Grzegorz Âpiewak
Redaktor serii: Marek Jannasz
Redakcja i korekta: Pawe∏ Pokora Lektorzy: Victoria Atkinson, Richard Baker, Andy Edwins, Mi∏ogost Reczek Dêwi´k i monta˝: Dawid Czernicki
Projekt ok∏adki serii: 2-arts, Marcin Rojek Projekt makiety i opracowanie graficzne: Studio 27,
[email protected] Zdj´cie na ok∏adce: © pressmaster / Fotolia.com
© Copyright by Wydawnictwo Lingo sp.j., Warszawa 2013
www.jezykinieobce.pl ISBN: 978-83-7892-203-2
Sk∏ad i ∏amanie: Studio 27 Druk i oprawa: ReadMe
Spis treÊci
Wst´p
6
Unit 1 Mr Andrew Jones, Anna and Mr Nowak
8
Unit 7 40 Business presentations: En-Light
Nazwy zawodów. Powitania, po˝egnania i tytu∏owanie. Kraje, narodowoÊci i miasta. Czasownik shall.
Unit 2 At the job centre
Unit 6 38 Progress check (Sprawdê si´!)
14
Cechy produktów. Prezentacja biznesowa. Zadawanie pytaƒ do prezentacji. Przymiotniki w stopniu wy˝szym i najwy˝szym. Wyra˝enia: as..as, in comparison to, unlike, still.
S∏ownictwo dotyczàce zatrudnienia. Czasownik would. Czasowniki z∏o˝one: look, turn. List motywacyjny.
Unit 8 48 Marketing: A new toothpaste
Unit 3 A job interview
S∏ownictwo opisujàce rynek. Czasownik do. J´zyk potoczny. Porównywanie: wyra˝enia z like i as. Zwroty: I wish, It’s high time.
20
Pytania podczas rozmowy o prac´. Czas Present Perfect. Przymiotniki z koƒcówkami ing oraz -ed. Krótkie zwroty na poczàtku i koƒcu zdania.
Unit 4 26 FineBody: Company organization Opisywanie struktury firmy. Rodzajniki: a/an, the, ø. ¸àczenie zdaƒ.
Unit 5 My working day Opisywanie pracy. Czas Simple Present. Tworzenie rzeczowników.
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
32
Unit 9 Meetings: Fragrance DeLuxe
54
Zebrania. Zwroty let’s i how about. S∏ownictwo dotyczàce reklamy.
Unit 10 60 Human Resources: Kick out the IT S∏ownictwo dotyczàce spraw kadrowych. Czasowniki modalne: can, could, may, might. Czasowniki make i do. Umowa o prac´.
3
Spis treÊci
Unit 11 Planning: Sunny Vale Inc.
68
Wyra˝anie przysz∏oÊci. Czasowniki seem i appear. Rzeczowniki i czasowniki.
Unit 12 74 Progress check (Sprawdê si´!) Unit 13 An order: MCL
Unit 17 Negotiations: If I buy...
104
Unit 18 112 Progress check (Sprawdê si´!) 82
88
Rozmowa towarzyska. Czasowniki can i could. Czasownik get.
4
W hotelu i w podró˝y. Rozmowa przez telefon. Formu∏owanie pytaƒ z czasownikami posi∏kowymi, modalnymi oraz zwrotami wh-. UprzejmoÊç.
Ceny i p∏atnoÊci. Negocjowanie. Pierwszy tryb warunkowy. Czasownik put.
Oprowadzanie goÊci. There oraz it na poczàtku zdania. Porównanie czasów Present Simple i Present Continuous. Zwroty much, more, much more i many more.
Unit 15 Small talk: Berlin? That’s interesting
96
76
Sk∏adanie zamówienia. Czasowniki say oraz tell. Konstrukcja have sth done.
Unit 14 A factory tour
Unit 16 Bookings and arrangements: Lake Hotel
Unit 19 Report: Primrose Language School
114
S∏ownictwo dotyczàce rentownoÊci. Raport. Strona bierna: to be + Past Participle. J´zyk formalny.
Unit 20 Complaints: Spoiled food Sk∏adanie i przyjmowanie reklamacji. Bezokolicznik z to oraz forma -ing. Korespondencja firmowa.
122
Spis treÊci
Unit 21 Tax: pay or die
130
Unit 26 Competition: No. 1
158
S∏ownictwo zwiàzane z podatkami. Czasowniki modalne: must, have to, need to. Czas Present Perfect Continuous z for oraz since.
Konkurencja i rynek. Drugi tryb warunkowy. S∏owa each, every, all. Wyra˝enia potoczne z czasownikiem be.
Unit 22 136 Company history: City Design
Unit 27 164 E-commerce: Trendy T’s online
Historia firmy. Czasy przesz∏e: Simple Past, Past Continuous, Past Perfect. Czasowniki modalne opisujàce zdarzenia w przesz∏oÊci.
Biznes w Internecie. Zwroty poprzedzajàce pytania. Akcentowanie kwestii.
Unit 23 Accounting and Finance
144
S∏ownictwo zwiàzane z rachunkowoÊcià i finansami. Rodziny wyrazów. Wyra˝enia z przyimkami at, for, in, on.
Unit 24 150 Progress check (Sprawdê si´!) Unit 25 152 The Stock Exchange: Bears and bulls Gie∏da i akcje. Opisywanie trendów i zmian. Rzeczowniki. Zwroty other, the other, another. Porównanie little i a little oraz few i a few.
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
Unit 28 Law: The old witch
170
S∏ownictwo zwiàzane z prawem i sàdami. Przytaczanie cudzych wypowiedzi (mowa zale˝na). Czasownik set.
Unit 29 176 Ethics: Elephants in the room Etyka w biznesie i przest´pstwa gospodarcze. J´zyk neutralny. Idiomy w j´zyku biznesowym.
Unit 30 184 Progress check (Sprawdê si´!) S∏owniczek skrótów
186
S∏owniczek angielsko-polski
187 5
Wst´p ANGIELSKI w pracy i biznesie
J
eÊli chcesz samodzielnie opanowaç zasób s∏ownictwa, wyra˝eƒ j´zykowych
i struktur w j´zyku angielskim, umo˝liwiajàcy
Z
godnie z najnowszymi trendami w metodyce nauczania j´zyka obcego oraz zale-
ceniami Rady Europy, „ANGIELSKI w pracy
skuteczne w kontakty zawodowe, towarzyskie
i biznesie” k∏adzie nacisk przede wszystkim na
i handlowe, „ANGIELSKI w pracy i biznesie”
sukces w pos∏ugiwaniu si´ j´zykiem, a nie
jest ksià˝kà w∏aÊnie dla Ciebie!
jedynie na poprawnoÊç gramatycznà. To kurs dla ludzi zaj´tych, szukajàcych skutecznego
To pewnie nie pierwszy Twój kontakt z j´-
narz´dzia w nauce j´zyka. Jest to tak˝e kurs in-
zykiem angielskim – mo˝e uczy∏eÊ si´ go przez
tensywny, co znaczy, ˝e uczàc si´ z nami nie
jakiÊ czas w szkole, na lektoracie, lub w szkole
tracisz czasu i mo˝esz robiç szybkie post´py,
prywatnej. Notatki gdzieÊ si´ jednak zawieru-
wykorzystujàc to, czego ju˝ si´ kiedyÊ nauczy-
szy∏y, s∏ówka i zwroty ulecia∏y z pami´ci.
∏eÊ, by szybko iÊç do przodu, poznawaç mnó-
Pozosta∏ za to strach przed pope∏nieniem
stwo przydatnego s∏ownictwa, przyswajaç,
b∏´du i przys∏owiowym „zapomnieniem j´zyka
gotowe do natychmiastowego wykorzystania
w g´bie”. MyÊlisz byç mo˝e, ˝e warto by∏oby
zwroty i frazy. Pozwoli Ci to nabraç pewnoÊci
raz jeszcze powtórzyç podstawy j´zyka, ale
siebie w szeregu typowych sytuacji profesjo-
jednoczeÊnie nie dreptaç w miejscu, nie nudziç
nalnych i towarzyskich, w których trzeba coÊ
si´ banalnymi „czytankami” i ˝mudnymi çwi-
powiedzieç lub napisaç po angielsku.
czeniami gramatycznymi. My to rozumiemy!
6
Piszàc t´ ksià˝k´, chcieliÊmy Ci´ przede
O tempie i sposobie nauki decydujesz jed-
wszystkim zaciekawiç. W naszym przeÊwiad-
nak samodzielnie, zale˝nie od w∏asnych po-
czeniu jest to najlepszy bodziec do nauki.
trzeb, mo˝liwoÊci i ch´ci. U∏atwia to struktura
Mamy nadziej´, ˝e nasze teksty, dialogi
ca∏ego kursu, jak i poszczególnych lekcji.
i ciekawostki b´dziesz czyta∏ z du˝ym zaintere-
Ksià˝ka dzieli si´ na trzydzieÊci lekcji. Ka˝da
sowaniem i przyjemnoÊcià!
jednostka lekcyjna sk∏ada si´ z dialogu lub
Wst´p
krótkiego tekstu, s∏ownictwa, objaÊnieƒ gra-
bole
matycznych i j´zykowych („Jak to dzia∏a?”)
Êcie˝ek – nie musisz wi´c skakaç po p∏ycie
oraz çwiczeƒ wraz z kluczem. åwiczenia najle-
w poszukiwaniu w∏aÊciwego nagrania.
02
z numerami odpowiadajàcych im
piej rozwiàzywaç po zapoznaniu si´ z dialogiem, s∏ownictwem i cz´Êcià poÊwi´conà gramatyce i funkcjom j´zykowym.
Symbole
odsy∏ajà do towarzyszàcego
ksià˝ce programu multimedialnego, który poszerza mo˝liwoÊci kursu o interaktywne
o przestudiowaniu pi´ciu regularnych jed-
sposoby nauki z wykorzystaniem komputera
nostek lekcyjnych masz szans´ samo-
(dotyczy pe∏nego pakietu multimedialnego
dzielnie sprawdziç swoje post´py. Lekcja po-
z do∏àczonà p∏ytà CD-ROM; jeÊli kupi∏eÊ wersj´
wtórkowa („Sprawdê si´!”) to zestaw çwiczeƒ
tylko z p∏ytà audio, CD-ROM mo˝esz w ka˝dej
utrwalajàcych materia∏ z pi´ciu poprzednich
chwili zamówiç w internecie na stronie
lekcji, a tak˝e krzy˝ówka, s∏u˝àca Twojej
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl).
P
rozrywce. Najwa˝niejsze jest jednak to, ˝e korzystaNieocenionà pomocà w przyswajaniu pra-
jàc z naszego kursu poznajesz ˝ywy j´zyk,
wid∏owej wymowy czy nauce rozumienia
czytasz i s∏uchasz dialogów na aktualne
ze s∏uchu sà umieszczone na p∏ycie audio CD
tematy, uczysz odnajdywaç si´ w ˝yciowych
nagrania,
sytuacjach.
dokonane
przez
rodowitych
Anglików. Przy wszystkich fragmentach ksià˝ki, które zosta∏y nagrane, umieÊciliÊmy sym-
Z ˝yczeniami sukcesów w nauce Zespó∏ autorów i redaktorów Lingo
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
7
1. Mr Andrew Jones... ANDREW: ANNA: ANDREW: ANNA: ANDREW: ANNA: ANDREW: ANNA:
01
Excuse me, I’m looking for Ms Anna Grosz... Yes, that’s me. Can I help? Hello. My name’s Andrew Jones. I’m from Q-Service. Oh, hello Andrew! Good to see you here in Cracow! Good to see you too, Anna. You have a very nice office. Thanks. How was your flight? A bit tiresome. Fortunately it didn’t take long. Yes, two hours from London is not that much. Oh, here comes my boss. Let me introduce you.
Mr Nowak... I’d like to introduce you to Mr Andrew Jones, the regional sales manager for Q-Service in London. Andrew, this is Mr Stefan Nowak, our MD. STEFAN: How do you do, Mr Jones? We’re happy that you accepted the invitation to visit us. Welcome to Poland. ANDREW: Thank you. This is very kind. STEFAN: Shall we go into my office? I’d like to know if... ANNA:
STEFAN: ANDREW: STEFAN: ANDREW: STEFAN: ANDREW: STEFAN: ANDREW: STEFAN: ANDREW: STEFAN:
8
... well, I’m sure that our co-operation will be successful. So am I, Mr Nowak. Please, call me Stefan. And... can I call you Andrew? Of course, no problem. Thanks. When is your flight back to London, then? In three days. But tomorrow I’m off to Prague to see our client there. In this case maybe we can have dinner tonight? Seven p.m.? That’d be a pleasure. Seven p.m. is fine. Shall we meet here? All right. And then we’ll go to an excellent Polish restaurant. Can’t wait. See you at seven then. Yes, goodbye!
UNIT
1
S∏ownictwoI’m looking for... – Szukam... My name’s... – Nazywam si´... I’m from... – Jestem z... flight – lot tiresome – m´czàcy Here comes my boss – Mój szef nadchodzi Let me introduce you – Pozwól, ˝e ci´ przedstawi´ This is... – To jest... MD (Managing Director) – dyrektor generalny, prezes How do you do? – Mi∏o pana poznaç accept – przyjàç, akceptowaç
invitation – zaproszenie This is very kind – To bardzo mi∏e Shall we go? – Mo˝e pójdziemy? So do I – Ja te˝ Call me Stefan – Mów mi Stefan I’m off to Prague – Jad´ do Pragi In this case – W takim razie That’d be a pleasure – B´dzie mi bardzo mi∏o (I) Can’t wait – Nie mog´ si´ doczekaç see you – do zobaczenia
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówI’m here... – Jestem tu... ~ on holiday – na wakacjach ~ on business – w interesach ~ for a conference – na konferencji ~ to see my customer – spotkaç si´ z moim klientem I work... – Pracuj´... ~ at a university – na uniwersytecie ~ for AirTechnic – dla AirTechnic ~ in a trade company – w firmie handlowej I’m a/an... – Jestem... ~ accountant – ksi´gowym ~ assistant – asystentkà ~ cleaner – sprzàtaczkà www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
~ checkout operator (cashier) – kasjerem ~ construction worker – robotnikiem budowlanym ~ director – dyrektorem ~ doctor – lekarzem ~ driver – kierowcà ~ engineer – in˝ynierem ~ lawyer – prawnikiem ~ manager – mened˝erem ~ nurse – piel´gniarkà ~ receptionist – recepcjonistkà ~ salesperson – sprzedawcà ~ sales representative – przedstawicielem handlowym ~ secretary – sekretarkà ~ teacher – nauczycielem ~ waiter – kelnerem
9
Mr Andrew Jones, Anna and Mr Nowak
Jak to dzia∏a?Powitanie, po˝egnanie, formy grzecznoÊciowe Przy powitaniu i po˝egnaniu u˝ywamy typowych zwrotów:
Good morning. / Good afternoon. (Dzieƒ dobry!) Good evening. (Dobry wieczór!) How do you do? (Mi∏o mi.) – uwaga: odpowiedê brzmi równie˝ ’How do you do?’ It’s good (nice) to meet you. (Mi∏o pana poznaç.) Welcome to Poland. (Witamy w Polsce.) Goodbye! (Do widzenia.) – formalnie lub neutralnie See you! (Do zobaczenia.) – nieformalnie W sytuacjach oficjalnych u˝ywamy tytu∏u, imienia i nazwiska:
I’m looking for Ms Anna Grosz. (Szukam pani Anny Grosz.) I’d like to introduce you to Mr Andrew Jones. (Prosz´ pozwoliç, ˝e przedstawi´ pana Andrew Jonesa.) This is Mr Stefan Nowak. (To jest pan Stefan Nowak.) I’d like you to meet Professor Anthony Spencer. (Prosz´ poznaç profesora Anthony’ego Spencera.) Po imieniu zwracamy si´ do osób, z którymi znamy si´ bli˝ej:
Oh, hello Andrew! (Witaj, Andrew!) – Andrew nie rozpozna∏ Anny, ale najwidoczniej znajà si´ ju˝ z korespondencji. Mo˝emy zaproponowaç przejÊcie na „ty”:
Please, call me Stefan. (Mów mi Stefan.) Can I call you Andrew? (Czy mog´ mówiç do pana Andrew?) Cz´sto mówimy jakiÊ komplement lub zadajemy pytania:
You have a very nice office. (Ma pani bardzo ∏adne biuro.) How was your flight? (Jak uda∏ si´ lot?) 10
UNIT
1
Kraje, narodowoÊci i miasta Przedstawiajàc si´ mówimy, skàd jesteÊmy:
I’m from Poland. (Jestem z Polski.) I’m Polish. (Jestem Polakiem.) Zwracamy szczególnà uwag´ na innà od polskiej wymow´ nazw krajów i narodowoÊci:
Austria – Austrian, Belgium – Belgian, China – Chinese, France – French, Germany – German, Greece – Greek, Hungary – Hungarian, Ireland – Irish, Italy – Italian, Japan – Japanese, the Netherlands – Dutch, Spain – Spanish, Portugal – Portuguese, Russia – Russian, Switzerland – Swiss, Turkey – Turkish, the UK – British, the USA – American. Wymowa i pisownia wielu nazw miast w j´zyku angielskim znacznie ró˝ni si´ od ich polskich odpowiedników:
Athens (Ateny), Beijing (Pekin), Brussells (Bruksela), Budapest (Budapeszt), Edinburgh (Edynburg), Geneva (Genewa), Istanbul (Stambu∏), Jerusalem (Jerozolima), Lisbon (Lizbona), London (Londyn), Milan (Mediolan), Moscow (Moskwa), Munich (Monachium), Naples (Neapol), New York (Nowy Jork), Paris (Pary˝), Prague (Praga), Rome (Rzym), Vienna (Wiedeƒ), Warsaw (Warszawa), Washington (Waszyngton), Zurich (Zurych).
Shall Przy pomocy s∏ówka shall, po którym wyst´puje czasownik w bezokoliczniku, wyra˝amy propozycj´ zrobienia czegoÊ wspólnie z naszym rozmówcà.
Shall we go into my office? (Pójdziemy do mnie do biura?) Shall we meet here? (Spotkamy si´ tutaj?)
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
11
Mr Andrew Jones, Anna and Mr Nowak
åwiczenia– 1. U∏ó˝ wypowiedzi w odpowiedniej kolejnoÊci tak, by powsta∏ sensowny dialog. a. .... Excuse me, I’m looking
for Mr James Morgan. b. .... Ah, yes. How do you
do Ms Johnson?
e. .... How do you do? f. .... How was your journey? g. .... Sure. h. .... Good morning, I’m Monica
c. .... Yes, four hours on
a plane is much. Sorry, can I call you Monica? d. .... Yes, that’s me. Can I help?
Johnson from N2 Ltd. i. .... The flight was OK but quite
long.
2. Dopasuj wypowiedzi 1–5 do a–e tak, by utworzyç sensowne mini-dialogi. a. Is this your first time in
London? b. When do you plan to go back? c. Did you have a good flight? d. You have a nice office. e. How is the weather in Munich?
1. .... Thank you, I like it too. 2. .... Yes, the plane was very
comfortable. 3. .... Now it’s sunny but quite cold. 4. .... Yes, it is. It’s a beautiful city. 5. .... My return flight is on
Monday.
3. U∏ó˝ zdania z podanych poni˝ej s∏ów. 1. Henry / me / please / call ....................... 2. I’d like / to / Mr Jains / you / to / introduce ....................... 3. we / to / tonight/ shall / go / a restaurant ....................... ? 4. Warsaw /see / you / to / in / good ....................... ! 5. work / taxi / as / I / a / driver ....................... 4. Kto mówi poni˝sze zdania? Dopisz nazwy zawodów obok ka˝dej wypowiedzi. 1. ’That’s £17.50, please... Eighteen... 50p change. Thank you!’ ... 2. ’You are in room 212. It’s on the second floor.’ ... 3. ’Your homework is exercise 5 on page 21.’ ... 4. ’Ready to order, sir? Madam?’ ... 5. ’That’s a very bad cold. Here, take these pills twice a day’. ... 12
UNIT
1
5. Quiz – uzupe∏nij tabelk´ wpisujàc w odpowiednie miejsca angielskie nazwy krajów, narodowoÊci i miast.
country 1. Russia 2. USA 3. P...................... 4. C...................... 5. H...................... 6. S......................
nationality R...................... A...................... Polish Chinese H...................... S......................
city M...................... N...................... W...................... B...................... Budapest Geneva
6. Dopasuj sytuacje a–e do propozycji 1–5. 1. I don’t like this restaurant. 2. Oh, I’m so thirsty. 3. Good... is everybody here? 4. This is a very big factory. 5. I’m afraid there’s very
little time left today.
a. Shall we begin the meeting? b. Shall we have a drink? c. Shall we continue our
conversation tomorrow? d. Shall we go somewhere else? e. Shall we visit the production
line first?
Dutch courage... Jednym z najbardziej „ukochanych” narodów przez Anglików sà Holendrzy. W j´zyku angielskim istnieje wiele zwrotów odnoszàcych si´ do tej nacji, nie zawsze nacechowanych pozytywnie. Przyk∏adowo, double Dutch („podwójny holenderski”) to okreÊlenie niezrozumia∏ego j´zyka, be∏kotu, „chiƒszczyzny”. Dutch courage („holenderska odwaga”) oznacza jazd´ po pijaku, Dutch concert („holenderski koncert”) to inna nazwa na kakofoni´ dêwi´ków, a powiedzenie to be in Dutch oznacza „byç w k∏opotach”. Oprócz tego, Let’s go Dutch („Zróbmy to po holendersku”) mo˝na u˝yç w restauracji – oznacza to, ˝e nie ma sponsora i ka˝dy p∏aci za siebie!
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
1. 1a 2d 3h 4b 5e 6f 7i 8c 9g 2. 1d 2c 3e 4a 5b 3. 1 Please call me Henry. 2 I’d like to introduce you to Mr Jains. 3 Shall we go to a restaurant tonight? 4 Good to see you in Warsaw! 5 I work as a taxi driver. 4. 1 a checkout operator 2 a receptionist 3 a teacher 4 a waiter 5 a doctor 5. 1 Russian, Moscow 2 American, New York 3 Poland, Warsaw 4 China, Beijing 5 Hungary, Hungarian 6 Switzerland, Swiss 6. 4e b2 1d 5c 3a www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
13
2. At the job centre JANICE: CLERK: JANICE:
02
CLERK: JANICE: CLERK:
JANICE: CLERK: JANICE: CLERK: JANICE: CLERK:
JANICE: CLERK: JANICE: CLERK: JANICE: CLERK: JANICE: CLERK:
14
Good afternoon. Can I ask about job offers here? Of course. What kind of job are you looking for? A shop assistant would be perfect. Or something secretarial. All right. Let’s look at the offers... How about this one? PMK and Partners – it’s for a receptionist. What are the requirements? It says ’the candidate must have good telephone skills and work on their own initiative. A good command of spoken and written English. Computer literacy useful but not essential’. And what would I have to do? Nothing very demanding, from what I see. Meeting–greeting clients, typing, filing, correspondence.... I see. Is there anything else? A lot, but the offers are all similar. Hmm... What about advertisements for shop assistants? Just a moment... Here’s something interesting. It’s a fashion boutique – 35 hours per week, Monday to Friday, 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. OK. How much do they offer? The salary is £15,000 per year plus commission on each item the client buys. That sounds really promising. Do they provide training? Yes, but previous experience is required and they’re also asking for references. Hmm... I worked as a shop assistant when I was a student. I’ll give it a try. How do I apply? Here you are, take this printout. Call the number at the bottom. OK, thanks a lot. I hope they won’t turn me down... You’re welcome. Good luck!
UNIT
2
S∏ownictwojob offer – oferta pracy What kind of... – Jakiego rodzaju... something secretarial – coÊ w rodzaju pracy sekretarki requirements – wymagania telephone skills – umiej´tnoÊç prowadzenia rozmów tel. own initiative – w∏asna inicjatywa good command of spoken and written English – dobra znajomoÊç angielskiego w mowie i w piÊmie computer literacy – znajomoÊç obs∏ugi komputera useful – u˝yteczny, przydatny essential – niezb´dny demanding – wymagajàce
What would I have to do? – Co musia∏abym robiç? meeting–greeting clients – witanie klientów filing – segregowanie correspondence – korespondencja salary – pensja commission on each item – prowizja od ka˝dej sztuki Do they provide training? – Czy oferujà szkolenie? previous experience is required – wymagane doÊwiadczenie references – referencje I’ll give it a try – Spróbuj´ How do I apply? – Jak mam si´ ubiegaç (o t´ prac´)?
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówduties – obowiàzki employee – pracownik employer – pracodawca fixed working hours – sta∏e godziny pracy flexitime – nienormowany czas pracy full–time – pe∏ny etat overtime – nadgodziny part–time – cz´Êç etatu pension programme – program emerytalny piece work – praca na akord shift work – praca zmianowa wage – wynagrodzenie work pattern – system pracy
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
Do I need a special diploma / certificate for this job? – Czy do tej pracy potrzebuj´ specjalnego dyplomu / certyfikatu? Does the job involve frequent travel? – Czy ta praca wymaga cz´stych podró˝y? How much holiday is there? – Ile jest urlopu? How much is the salary? – Jaka jest pensja? Is this a permanent or a temporary job? – Czy to jest praca sta∏a czy tymczasowa? What is the name of this company? – Jak si´ nazywa ta firma? 15
At the job centre
Jak to dzia∏a?Would Angielskie s∏ówko would w po∏àczeniu z bezokolicznikiem ma znaczenie polskiej koƒcówki –by. Porównajmy:
A shop assistant job is perfect for me. (Praca sprzedawcy jest dla mnie idealna.) A shop assistant job would be perfect for me. (Praca sprzedawcy by∏aby dla mnie idealna.) What do I have to do? (Co musz´ robiç?) What would I have to do? (Co musia∏bym robiç?) I won’t take this job, even for $100,000. (Nie wezm´ tej pracy, nawet za $100,000.) I wouldn’t take this job, even for $100,000. (Nie wzià∏bym tej pracy, nawet za 100 000$.)
Czasowniki z∏o˝one: look, turn W j´zyku angielskim cz´sto u˝ywamy czasowników z przyimkami, które mogà zmieniaç znaczenie samego czasownika.
What kind of job are you looking for? (Jakiego rodzaju pracy pani szuka?) Let’s look at the offers. (Spójrzmy na oferty.) Kate’s job is to look after the trainees. (Kate opiekuje si´ sta˝ystami.) I hope they won’t turn me down. (Mam nadziej´, ˝e mi nie odmówià.) You need to turn up in person. (PowinieneÊ przyjÊç osobiÊcie.) The job turned out to be extremely boring. (Praca okaza∏a si´ niesamowicie nudna.) The lights in the office are turned on and turned off automatically. (Âwiat∏a w biurze sà w∏àczane i wy∏àczane automatycznie.)
16
UNIT
2
List motywacyjny ZWROTY POWITALNE
Dear Mr Jensen / Ms Goldsmith (Szanowny Panie Jensen / Szanowna Pani Goldsmith) Dear Sir or Madam / Dear Sirs (Szanowni Paƒstwo) ROZPOCZYNANIE I am writing to apply for the position of... (Pisz´, aby zg∏osiç swojà kandydatur´ na stanowisko...) I am writing in reference to your advertisement in... (Pisz´ w zwiàzku z og∏oszeniem w ...) POWÓD UBIEGANIA SI¢ O PRAC¢ I have been interested in... for many years. (Interesuj´ si´... od wielu lat.) Your advertisement was of particular interest to me because... (Paƒstwa og∏oszenie zainteresowa∏o mnie szczególnie, poniewa˝...) DOÂWIADCZENIE W ZWIÑZKU Z OFEROWANÑ PRACÑ I have recently graduated from... (Niedawno ukoƒczy∏em studia...) I have received training / completed a course in... (Ukoƒczy∏em ostatnio szkolenie / kurs...) My last job was for..., which is... (Ostatnio pracowa∏em dla..., która jest firmà...) I worked there for... years as... and my duties involved... (Pracowa∏em tam... lat jako..., a do moich obowiàzków nale˝a∏o...) KWALIFIKACJE NA OFEROWANE STANOWISKO I feel I have a range of relevant skills that I can bring to your company. (Uwa˝am, ˝e posiadam odpowiednie kwalifikacje, które b´dà przydatne w Paƒstwa firmie.) As you can see from my CV, I can offer a considerable amount of relevant experience, including... (Jak widaç w moim CV, posiadam du˝e doÊwiadczenie, mi´dzy innymi w ...) In addition to..., I can also..., which enables me to... . (Oprócz..., potrafi´ równie˝..., co pozwala mi na...) DYSPOZYCYJNOÂå I am available for interview at any time. (Jestem gotowy na rozmow´ kwalifikacyjnà w dowolnej chwili.) I would appreciate the opportunity to meet with you to discuss my application in greater detail. (B´d´ wdzi´czny za mo˝liwoÊç spotkania, aby porozmawiaç o szczegó∏ach.) www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
17
At the job centre
ZAKO¡CZENIE
Yours sincerely (Z powa˝aniem) – jeÊli list rozpoczyna si´ od ’Dear Mr / Mrs ...’ Yours faithfully (Z powa˝aniem) – jeÊli list rozpoczyna si´ od ’Dear Sir or Madam’ lub ’Dear Sirs’
åwiczenia– 1. Dopasuj pytania 1–5 do odpowiedzi a–e. 1. What kind of job are you
looking for? 2. What are the requirements? 3. What would I have to do? 4. Do I need a special certificate for this job? 5. Is this a permanent job?
a. The job involves selling
drugs to pharmacies. b. It’s flexitime, but still
a full–time job. c. No, it isn’t necessary. d. Something in the sales. e. You must have a driving
license and your own car. 2. Uzupe∏nij luki wyrazami z ramki.
salary part–time experience duties employer references1. The annual .................... for this job is £18,000. 2. You must send written .................... from a previous
..................... when you apply for this job. 3. The job advert says that past .................... is not essential. 4. It’s a(n) ..................... job – you only have to work weekends. 5. Your ................... will include answering phone calls, handling
correspondence and making coffee. 3. Wstaw w luki odpowiedni czasownik z ramki w po∏àczeniu z would. Zwróç uwag´ na tryb zdania (oznajmujàcy, przeczàcy, pytajàcy).
go take be (x2) earn have to1. The salary ................... very high at the beginning but
at least it ...................... higher than now. 2. ......................... move to London to get this job? 18
UNIT
2
3. What would I do without a job in Glasgow?
I think I ...................... to London and try there. 4. Hmm... Let’s count – £1,500 salary, £750 sales commissions
and £100 travel allowance. I ..................... £2350 per month! 5. I ...................... this job – not for love or money. It’s boring! 4. Uzupe∏nij zdania czasownikami z∏o˝onymi w odpowiedniej formie.
turn out turn on turn up look at look for1. PharmaBiz ........................ new employees in China. 2. Shall we ................... the recruitment procedure right now? 3. A candidate who ...................... late for an interview never
has any chance. 4. The job ...................... to be too demanding for Mark, so he
decided to quit. 5. Don’t ........................ the computer. It’s not yet configured.
Willing to make coffee... Pewien internetowy serwis poÊrednictwa pracy zamieÊci∏ kiedyÊ autentyczne og∏oszenie, w którym firma poszukiwa∏a a breathing person to sit at front dest and exude charm (osoby do siedzenia za biurkiem i roztaczania wdzi´ku). Wymagania: reasonable intelligence, or at least be able to put staples in a stapler (rozsàdny poziom inteligencji lub chocia˝ umiej´tnoÊç w∏o˝enia zszywek do zszywacza), some college or degree, even if it’s Underwater Basket Weaving (ukoƒczenie jakiejÊ uczelni lub jakiÊ dyplom, nawet jeÊli mia∏by byç z podwodnego wyplatania koszy), IQ greater than a slice of bread (poziom inteligencji wy˝szy ni˝ u kromki chleba) – ale: the job isn’t neurosurgery, so MENSA members need not apply (nie jest to praca neurochirurga, wi´c cz∏onkowie MENSy mogà sobie darowaç)...
Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1. 1 d 2 e 3 a 4 c 5 b 2. 1 salary 2 references, employer 3 experience 4 part–time 5 duties 3. 1 wouldn’t be, would be 2 Would I have to, 3 would go 4 would earn 5 wouldn’t take 4. 1 are looking for 2 look at 3 turns up 4 turned out 5 turn on www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
19
3. A job interview Mark has recently got his BSc in computer science and has started to look for a job. He wants to hunt for something in the IT sector and has already sent his CV and covering letter to various companies and has been waiting for replies. His patience was finally rewarded a couple of days ago when an e–mail arrived from WebLab, a small but growing web design company. Business is very good and they need to recruit more web designers. Mark is now talking to WebLab’s manager.
03
MANAGER: – So, why do you want to join us at WebLab? MARK: – Well, I’ve worked on a couple of websites so far, mainly for
medium–sized companies, so I have experience in this field. MANAGER: – Mmmh... yes, I can see that in your CV. Pretty good for
MARK:
–
MANAGER: – MARK: –
MANAGER: –
MARK:
–
MANAGER: –
MARK:
20
–
a student, I must admit. And what do you consider your most outstanding achievement? I guess that’d be the website for NLab. They are a cosmetics company and they wanted to go online. My task was to set up an info portal and an online sales system. It has been in operation for 2 years now. I see. What are your strengths? I always approach my projects with responsibility because I care about their functionality and I focus on the details that make the whole. That’s good to hear. How about working under pressure? You see, we often have to work to tight deadlines. How well do you cope with stress? For me stress can be motivating. There are limits, sure, but I’ve never let down any of my previous customers with a missed deadline. I think it all depends on work organisation. I couldn’t agree more. Though personally I’m better motivated by the outcome of my work than stress. Anyway, how do you feel about your German? Your CV says you’ve studied it... Well, that’s right, but honestly – I haven’t used it for some time and I’d probably need to refresh it. Are you planning to design web pages in German, if I may ask?
UNIT
3
MANAGER: – Not exactly. You see, we’ve acquired new clients from
MARK: – MANAGER: – MARK:
–
MANAGER: – MARK: –
Switzerland who are entering the Polish market. We just need someone who can talk to them about the structure and content of their new pages. Oh, that shouldn’t be a problem for me, I suppose. Good. In that case, thanks for coming and we’ll get in touch with you by next Friday. OK? OK. Thank you for inviting me to the interview. I’ll be waiting for your call. Nice meeting you. Goodbye! Bye, bye.
S∏ownictwoBSc – licencjat (kier. techniczne) to hunt – polowaç patience – cierpliwoÊç rewarded – wynagrodzony to recruit sb – zatrudniaç kogoÊ experience – doÊwiadczenie in this field – w tej dziedzinie most outstanding achievement – najbardziej znaczàce dokonanie to go online – zaistnieç w Internecie to set up – za∏o˝yç, uruchomiç strengths – mocne strony approach sth with responsibility – podchodziç do czegoÊ odpowiedzialnie refresh – odÊwie˝yç
to handle (sb’s) projects – zajmowaç si´ (czyimiÊ) projektami to focus on sth – koncentrowaç si´ na czymÊ That’s good to hear – Mi∏o to s∏yszeç to work under pressure – pracowaç pod presjà tight deadlines – krótkie terminy to cope with sth – radziç sobie z czymÊ to miss a deadline – nie zdà˝yç na czas to let sb down – zawieÊç kogoÊ outcome – wynik, rezultat We’ll get in touch with you – skontaktujemy si´ z panem
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówWhat languages do you speak? – Jakimi j´zykami pan mówi? What are your qualifications? – Jakie sà pana kwalifikacje? www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
What didn’t you like about your previous job? – Co nie podoba∏o si´ panu w poprzedniej pracy? 21
A job interview
What were your duties as a director? – Jakie by∏y pana zadania jako dyrektora? Why did you quit... ? – Dlaczego odszed∏ pan z... ? Have you ever worked abroad? – Czy pracowa∏ pan kiedyÊ za granicà? I have a BA / MA in marketing – Mam licencjat / dyplom magistra z marketingu I’d like to know about the holidays – Chcia∏bym zapytaç o urlop; ~ the working hours – godziny pracy; ~ pay conditions – warunki wynagrodzenia; ~ promotion opportunities – mo˝liwoÊci awansu;
I’m good at foreign languages – Jestem dobry z j´zyków obcych; ~ at accounting – z ksi´gowoÊci; ~ at computers – z komputerów; at organising things – w organizowaniu I was responsible for the accounts – By∏em odpowiedzialny za ksi´gowoÊç I have a driving license – Mam prawo jazdy I can work flexitime – Mog´ pracowaç w nienormowanym czasie; ~ part–time – w niepe∏nym wymiarze; ~ from 9 to 5 – od 9 do 5; ~ only at weekends – tylko w weekendy
Jak to dzia∏a?Present Perfect Czas Present Perfect tworzymy przy pomocy operatora have / has i 3. formy czasownika. U˝ywamy go, by opowiedzieç o doÊwiadczeniach zawodowych:
I’ve worked on a couple of websites so far. (Jak dotàd pracowa∏em nad kilkoma stronami.) I’ve never let down any of my customers. (Nigdy nie zawiod∏em ˝adnego z moich klientów.) W tym czasie wyra˝amy te˝ czynnoÊç przesz∏à majàcà zwiàzek z teraêniejszoÊcià. Cz´sto (choç nie zawsze) na taki zwiàzek wskazujà zwroty recently (niedawno), just (w∏aÊnie) lub already / yet (ju˝, jeszcze nie).
22
UNIT
3
It has been in operation for one year now. ([System] dzia∏a od roku.) – zosta∏ uruchomiony rok temu i nadal jest w u˝yciu. Mark has recently got his BSc. (Marek niedawno otrzyma∏ dyplom licencjata.) – ma ten dyplom teraz. W tym samym czasie opowiadamy o czynnoÊci przesz∏ej, jeÊli nie jest istotne, kiedy mia∏a ona miejsce:
Your CV says you’ve studied German. (W paƒskim CV jest informacja, ˝e uczy∏ si´ pan niemieckiego.) – nie jest istotne kiedy, wa˝ne ˝e w ogóle.
Przymiotniki z koƒcówkami -ing oraz -ed Przymiotniki z koƒcówkà –ing opisujà osoby, rzeczy bàdê sytuacje. Cz´sto t∏umaczymy je jako polskie imies∏owy na –àcy. Przymiotniki z koƒcówkà –ed opisujà odczucia lub stany. T∏umaczymy je jako imies∏owy na –any/ony.
For me stress can be motivating. (Dla mnie stres mo˝e byç motywujàcy.) I’m better motivated by the outcome of my work. (Jestem bardziej motywowany przez efekty mojej pracy.) My previous job was very interesting. (Moja poprzednia praca by∏a interesujàca.) I’m interested in the position of a sales representative. (Jestem zainteresowany stanowiskiem przedstawiciela handlowego.)
Krótkie zwroty na poczàtku i koƒcu zdania W j´zyku angielskim cz´Êciej ni˝ w polskim u˝ywamy zwrotów typu „uwa˝am, ˝e”, które sprawiajà ˝e nasze wypowiedzi sà mniej kategoryczne. Zwroty te mogà wyst´powaç zarówno na poczàtku, jak i na koƒcu zdania.
I think it all depends on work organisation. (MyÊl´, ˝e wszystko zale˝y od organizacji pracy.) Oh, that shouldn’t be a problem for me, I suppose. (Wydaje mi si´, ˝e to nie b´dzie dla mnie problemem.) www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
23
A job interview W rozmowie wa˝ne jest równie˝ wzajemne reagowanie na wypowiedzi w odpowiedni sposób.
Mmmh... yes. I can see that in your CV. (Hmm..., rzeczywiÊcie. Widz´ to w paƒskim CV.) Well, that’s right, but honestly – I haven’t used German for a long time. (Tak, zgadza si´, choç szczerze mówiàc nie u˝ywa∏em niemieckiego przez d∏ugi czas).
åwiczenia1. Po∏àcz pytania (1–7) i odpowiedzi (a–g), aby u∏o˝yç sensowny dialog. 1. What are your educational 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
qualifications? .... Do you have any experience in marketing? .... What were your duties in your previous job? .... Why did you quit your previous job? .... Have you ever worked abroad? .... And how do you feel about your French? .... Can you cope with stress? ....
a. I was responsible for
advertising in newspapers. b. Only once, when I was a student.
It was a holiday job in Geneva. c. I have an MA in marketing
and management. d. I guess it’s not bad, but I’d
need to refresh it. e. Yes, I worked in the marketing
department at ChocoTaste. f. I try to, but sometimes I’m just
overworked. g. Because I was not able to work
full–time. 2. Uzupe∏nij luki czasownikami podanymi w nawiasach w czasie Present Perfect. 1. 2. 3. 4.
........... you ever ........... for a multinational company? (work) George ........................ a course in accounting recently. (take) I .......................... to London on many business occasions. (be) I’m sorry but we ............................. any candidates to the interview yet. (not/invite). 5. Our call centre staff ........................ from 50 to 150 consultants since last year. (grow)
24
UNIT
3
3. -ing czy -ed? 1. Our competitors have stolen half of our staff. This is very
...................... and we must start recruiting now. (worry) 2. She felt extremely ........................ at the interview when they
asked her which political party she supports. (confuse) 3. Some business practices are ......................, for example
making employees work overtime without payment. (disgust) 4. We were all ................... to death by Andrew’s lengthy
presentation at the meeting. (bore) 5. I’m not sure if I join APEX Co. but I must admit that career
opportunities are very......................... . (promise) 4. Uzupe∏nij luki wyrazami z ramki.
accounting to cope to handle flexitime a deadline1. 2. 3. 4.
I can come to work and leave whenever I choose – I work ... . She knows a lot about taxes and would be ideal to do our ... . I think she’s too inexperienced ... such difficult projects yet. Never again should you miss ... for Xeneco. They are our most important customer. 5. We should hire someone else in place of Mr Anderson. He didn’t know how ... with unexpected problems.
Interviews Czy rozumiesz ten dowcip? T∏umaczenie w kluczu :–) EMPLOYER: In this job we need someone who is responsible. APPLICANT: I’m the one you want. In my last job, every time anything went wrong, they said I was responsible.
Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1. 1c 2e 3a 4g 5b 6d 7f 2. 1 Have (you ever) worked... 2 has taken 3 have been 4 haven’t invited 5 has grown 3. 1 worrying 2 confused 3 disgusting 4 bored 5 promising 4. 1 flexitime 2 accounting 3 to handle 4 a deadline 5 to cope Interviews Pracodawca: Do tej pracy potrzebujemy kogoÊ odpowiedzialnego. Kandydat: Nadaj´ si´ idealnie. W mojej ostatniej pracy, za ka˝dym razem kiedy coÊ posz∏o êle, wszyscy mówili, ˝e jestem odpowiedzialny. www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
25
4. FineBody: Company organization FineBody is a new medium–sized Hungarian cosmetics company operating in five Central European countries. It started in 1999 when Martha Gotthardt left Athens Inc., a huge international multi–brand corporation. ’Although I was very well paid, I felt frustrated with work organization there – corporate hierarchy, layers of managers, directors and executives, overtime work, constant performance reviews and rat–race,’ she says. Martha had an idea for her own business so she decided to quit Athens and ask her bank for a loan. She bought a small disused factory at a bargain price, which she revived and modernized to her needs. At first, she only had six employees who, just like her, had to multitask. ’I was a production director, a salesperson and an accountant – all in one!,’ she laughs. Today the company has changed a lot. Martha is no longer a sole trader and FineBody is now a limited liability company. It has expanded abroad and established two subsidiaries in Poland and the Czech Republic to provide support to foreign customers. There are about 150 employees who work in six departments: production, sales and marketing, warehouse, quality control, R&D and administration (which is responsible for accounts and personnel). ’Our company has a fairly flat structure. I’m the CEO and there are just three senior executives who are in charge of the departments, and who report to me directly. In general, we allow our employees to have a high degree of independence,’ Martha explains.
04
S∏ownictwomulti–brand – wielobran˝owa corporate hierarchy – hierarchia w firmie layer – szczebel (organizacji, zarzàdzania) 26
executive – osoba na kierowniczym stanowisku, dyrektor performance review – ocena osiàgni´ç pracownika
UNIT
rat race – wyÊcig szczurów loan – po˝yczka, kredyt disused – nieu˝ywana bargain price – cena okazyjna to multitask – pracowaç „w trybie wielozadaniowym” sole trader (AmE sole proprietor) – samodzielna dzia∏alnoÊç gospodarcza limited liability company – spó∏ka z o.o. subsidiary – spó∏ka zale˝na department – dzia∏, pion sales and marketing – sprzeda˝ i marketing warehouse – magazyn
4
quality control – kontrola jakoÊci Research & development (R&D) – dzia∏ badawczo–rozwojowy accounts – ksi´gowoÊç personnel (human resources, HR) – kadry (zasoby ludzkie) flat structure – p∏aska struktura zarzàdzania Chief Executive Officer (CEO) – prezes to be in charge of sb/sth – odpowiadac za kogoÊ/coÊ to report to sb – podlegaç komuÊ
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówAnnual General Meeting (AGM) – Walne Zgromadzenie Akcjonariuszy (udzia∏owców) to appoint sb (a director) – mianowaç kogoÊ (dyrektorem) acquisition – przej´cie spó∏ki branch – oddzia∏ to delegate tasks – przydzielaç (delegowaç) zadania to be self–employed – byç samozatrudnionym to fire sb – zwolniç kogoÊ General Partnership – spó∏ka cywilna, spó∏ka jawna headquarters (HQ) – g∏ówna siedziba management board – zarzàd merger – ∏àczenie si´ spó∏ek parent company – spó∏ka–matka payroll – lista p∏ac promotion – awans Public Limited Company (PLC) – spó∏ka notowana na gie∏dzie shareholder (stockholder) – udzia∏owiec, akcjonariusz supervisory board – rada nadzorcza www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
27
FineBody: Company organization
Jak to dzia∏a?Rodzajniki: a/an, the, ø W j´zyku angielskim przed wyra˝eniami z rzeczownikiem cz´sto stosujemy rodzajniki. Rodzajnika a/an u˝ywamy przed rzeczownikiem policzalnym w liczbie pojedynczej: przy nazwach zawodów i stanowisk w firmie (ale: zobacz u˝ycie ’the’)
I was a production director, a salesperson and an accountant. (By∏am dyrektorem produkcji, handlowcem i ksi´gowà.) z rzeczownikiem, który nie jest bli˝ej okreÊlony:
Martha had an idea for her own business. (Marta mia∏a pomys∏ na w∏asny biznes.) jeÊli przedstawiamy jakàÊ informacj´ nowà dla naszego rozmówcy lub czytelnika (zobacz te˝ u˝ycie the):
FineBody is a new Hungarian company. (FineBody jest nowà, w´gierskà firmà.) w niektórych zwrotach okreÊlajàcych iloÊç:
Today the company has changed a lot. (Dzisiaj firma bardzo si´ zmieni∏a.); a high degree of independence (du˝y stopieƒ niezale˝noÊci); a few technical problems (kilka problemów technicznych); a bit disorganized (troch´ niezorganizowany); I know a little German. (Znam troch´ niemieckiego.) Rodzajnik the wyst´puje: przy rzeczowniku wspomnianym ju˝ wczeÊniej:
Today the company has changed a lot. (Dzisiaj firma bardzo si´ zmieni∏a.) – wczeÊniej przedstawialiÊmy FineBody jako a company. jeÊli okreÊlenie rzeczownika jest jasne w kontekÊcie wypowiedzi:
I’m the CEO and there are just three senior executives. (Jestem prezesem, a w firmie jest tylko trzech dyrektorów.) – z tekstu wiadomo, ˝e Marta jest prezesem FineBody. 28
UNIT
4
z niektórymi nazwami geograficznymi:
the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, the United States, the Alps, the Thames, the Atlantic. Zwykle nie u˝ywamy rodzajników przy rzeczownikach abstrakcyjnych:
I felt frustrated with work organization there. (By∏am sfrustrowana tamtejszà organizacjà pracy.)
¸àczenie zdaƒ Dwa zdania mo˝emy po∏àczyç przy u˝yciu imies∏owu z –ing:
FineBody is a new Hungarian company. It operates in five European countries. FineBody is a new Hungarian cosmetics company operating in five Central European countries. (FineBody to nowa w´gierska firma kosmetyczna dzia∏ajàca w pi´ciu krajach Europy Ârodkowej.) Do wyjaÊnienia celu u˝ywamy s∏owa to:
It established two subsidiaries to provide support to foreign customers. (Firma za∏o˝y∏a dwie spó∏ki zale˝ne, aby obs∏ugiwaç klientów zagranicznych.) Przy odniesieniu do osób lub rzeczy u˝ywamy odpowiednio zaimków wzgl´dnych who oraz which:
There are just three senior executives, who report to me. (W firmie jest tylko trzech dyrektorów, którzy mi podlegajà.) She bought a small, disused factory, which she modernized (Kupi∏a ma∏à, opuszczonà fabryk´, którà zmodernizowa∏a.) Do wyra˝enia konsekwencji u˝ywamy spójnika so („wi´c”):
Martha had an idea for business so she decided to quit Athens. (Martha mia∏a pomys∏ na firm´, wi´c postanowi∏a odejÊç z Athens.) Mo˝emy tak˝e ∏àczyç zdania przy pomocy although („pomimo i˝”):
Although I was very well paid, I felt frustrated. (Pomimo i˝ mia∏am dobrà pensj´, czu∏am si´ sfrustrowana.)
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
29
FineBody: Company organization
åwiczenia1. Wstaw a/an, the lub pozostaw luk´. 1. EZV Travel is ....... Polish company which organizes holiday
trips mainly to Western Europe and ......... USA. 2. I work as ....... accountant for ...... medium–sized restaurant
operating company. 3. ........ Sales Director of Blackey & Crate has just been fired. 4. As ...... HR director, I believe that giving ........ employees
........ high degree of ...... freedom promotes ........ loyalty. 5. ......... company which I work for is very hierarchical. 2. Dopasuj fragmenty a–f do 1–6, aby u∏o˝yç sensowne zdania. 1. VQL Logistics AG is a new Swiss company 2. As a production manager, I have roughly 20 people 3. At the moment our company has three subsidiaries 4. They are spending too much on advertising 5. Although Pantrix Co. has fired 20 people this year, 6. All their sales managers have been sent to a training course a. all of the company’s engineers have kept their jobs. b. specializing in international transport. c. which operate in Germany, Poland and Lithuania. d. so they need better control over their budget . e. who report to me directly. f. to help them improve their performance. 3. Uzupe∏nij zdania odpowiednimi wyrazami z ramki.
personnel, supervise, overtime work, appoint, parent company, shareholders 1. My regular hours are from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. but I do a lot of
........................... . Sometimes I have to stay till 9 p.m. 2. Next week we’re going to promote Mrs Arokis and
...................... her a production director and board member. 30
UNIT
4
3. I work as a ...................... manager. I’m responsible for
interviewing candidates to free positions in the company. 4. We are a subsidiary of PenAd Ltd. Our .........................’s
headquarters is in Liverpool. 5. Our ............................. are considering an acquisition of HSB
Holding, but they need to raise more cash. 4. Pogrupuj poni˝sze s∏owa wed∏ug kategorii. Wpisz odpowiednià liter´. Categories: J – jobs; D – departments; O – other
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
sales ........ warehouse ........ accountant ....... executive ....... management board ........
6. accounts ......... 7. sales representative ......... 8. performance review ........ 9. CEO ........ 10. multitasking .......
Executives, managers, directors...
Organizacja wielu firm bywa dla postronnych zupe∏nie niezrozumia∏a, a angielskie nazwy stanowisk jeszcze bardziej utrudniajà ustalenie, kto za co odpowiada i komu podlega. Najlepszym przyk∏adem sà tu executives, którymi zwyk∏o nazywaç si´ wysoko postawionych directors. Ostatnio jednak coraz cz´Êciej spotyka si´ np. sales executives, którzy sà zwyk∏ymi przedstawicielami handlowymi, albo product executives – osoby odpowiedzialne za promocj´ lub sprzeda˝ jakiegoÊ konkretnego produktu. Podobnie s∏owo manager, które mo˝na poprzedziç praktycznie ka˝dym innym i zawsze otrzymamy ∏adnie brzmiàcà nazw´ stanowiska pracy. Np. front desk manager to recepcjonistka. Albo co powiecie na prac´ jako senior toilet manager? Grunt to dobre zarzàdzanie! Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1. 1 a, the 2 an, a 3 The 4 an, —, a, —, — 5 The 2. 1b 2e 3c 4d 5a 6f. 3. 1 overtime work 2 appoint 3 personnel 4 parent company 5 shareholders 4. 1 D 2 D 3 J 4 J 5 O 6 D 7 J 8 O 9 J 10 O www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
31
5. My working day JEFF I work as a delivery driver for a chain of home appliance stores. I start my work at 9 a.m. and finish at 5 p.m. My supervisor tells me which parcels go where and I deliver them directly to the customers’ door. It’s hard to get everywhere on time and people are sometimes angry if I come late. From time to time there are problems with our appliances and I collect the faulty items from customers, but fortunately this doesn’t happen very often. Maybe the job isn’t very exciting, but it’s easy and I sometimes receive generous tips!
05
PETER I’m a call centre operator for an airline company. We work 24 hours a day in shifts, so I start my working day – or night – at various times. I always do the same tasks – I answer phone calls from clients who want to make a reservation, confirm their booking or complain. For every task, there is a script which I follow and this makes my work mechanical. At the same time it’s stressful because customers are often rude and think that I am unhelpful. I don’t enjoy it and I’ll probably change jobs soon. MONICA I’m a quality control manager in a pharmaceutical company and I’m responsible for a team of 5 employees in my department. My hours aren’t fixed but I usually arrive in the office before 10 a.m. I study the reports from my employees and then I go to the laboratory to supervise and provide guidance to the people there. We rarely have critical problems with the quality of our products but our field is so complex that it’s always easy to overlook something. That makes my job very hard, but also challenging. And it’s very well–paid.
S∏ownictwodelivery – dostawa chain – sieç sklepów
32
home appliance – artyku∏y gospodarstwa domowego store (BrE shop) – sklep (am.)
UNIT
supervisor – prze∏o˝ony faulty items – uszkodzone towary exciting – ciekawa, ekscytujàca generous tips – hojne napiwki task – zadanie script – instrukcja post´powania mechanical – mechaniczna stressful – stresujàca rude – nieuprzejmi unhelpful – niepomocna quality control – kontrola jakoÊci I’m responsible for... – Jestem odpowiedzialna za...
5
to arrive – przyje˝d˝aç reports – raporty to supervise – nadzorowaç to provide guidance – dawaç wskazówki, rady critical problems – powa˝ne problemy our field is complex – nasza praca jest skomplikowana to overlook – przeoczyç challenging – b´dàca wyzwaniem (o pracy) well–paid – dobrze p∏atna
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówMy contract says I must work weekends. – W mojej umowie mam zapisane, ˝e musz´ pracowaç w weekendy. One of my tasks is to take decisions about personnel. – Jednym z moich zadaƒ jest podejmowanie decyzji personalnych. An important part of my job is problem solving. – Wa˝nà cz´Êcià mojej pracy jest rozwiàzywanie problemów. What do you like best about your job? – Co najbardziej lubisz w swojej pracy? My job is... – Moja praca jest... ~ hard – ci´˝ka; ~ boring – nudna; ~ interesting – interesujàca; ~ easy – ∏atwa; ~ monotonous – monotonna; ~ enjoyable – przyjemna; ~ repetitive – rutynowa; ~ financially rewarding ~ stimulating – stymulujàca; – dobrze p∏atna; ~ stressful – stresujàca; ~ frustrating – frustrujàca; ~ time–consuming ~ fulfilling – dajàca poczucie – czasoch∏onna spe∏nienia;
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
33
My working day
Jak to dzia∏a?Simple Present Czasu Simple Present u˝ywamy: Do wyra˝enia czynnoÊci powtarzajàcej si´ regularnie
I start my work at 9 a.m. and finish at 5 p.m. (Zaczynam prac´ o 9 rano i koƒcz´ o 5 po po∏udniu.) – regularnie, codziennie. W zdaniach twierdzàcych do czasownika w 3. osobie liczby pojedynczej dodajemy koƒcówk´ –s lub –es:
My supervisor tells me which parcels go where. (Mój prze∏o˝ony mówi mi, które paczki dokàd jadà.) Zdania przeczàce tworzymy przez dodanie operatora don’t lub doesn’t (w 3. os. l. poj.) przed bezokolicznikiem:
I don’t enjoy my work. (Nie lubi´ swojej pracy.) He doesn’t work weekends. (On nie pracuje w weekendy.) Zdania pytajàce tworzymy zaczynajàc od which, who, where, what, why itp. lub od Do / Does.
Which department do you work in? (W którym dziale pracujesz?) Does she get a good salary? (Czy ona dostaje dobrà pensj´?)
Z przys∏ówkami cz´stotliwoÊci
I sometimes receive generous tips. (Czasami dostaj´ hojne napiwki.) W przeciwieƒstwie do j´zyka polskiego, gdzie szyk zdania jest dosyç dowolny, przys∏ówków wyra˝ajàcych cz´stotliwoÊç, takich jak np. always (zawsze), often (cz´sto), usually (zwykle), sometimes (czasami), rarely (rzadko), never (nigdy), u˝ywamy w j´zyku angielskim zawsze przed czasownikiem: We rarely have critical problems. (Rzadko mamy krytyczne problemy.) – nie: We have rarely critical problems.
34
UNIT
5
Jednak˝e w zdaniu z czasownikiem to be przys∏ówków cz´stotliwoÊci u˝ywamy po czasowniku:
He is never late for meetings. (On nigdy nie spóênia si´ na spotkania.) D∏u˝szych wyra˝eƒ, takich jak from time to time (od czasu do czasu), once or twice a week (raz lub dwa w tygodniu), every Monday (w ka˝dy poniedzia∏ek), at the end of each month (na koniec ka˝dego miesiàca), mo˝emy u˝yç tylko na poczàtku lub na koƒcu zdania, ale nie w Êrodku:
From time to time there are problems with our appliances. (Od czasu do czasu sà problemy z naszymi urzàdzeniami.) I have a briefing every morning. (Ka˝dego poranka mam briefing.) ale nie: Martin every weekend has a training course. (Martin w ka˝dy weekend ma szkolenie.)
Tworzenie rzeczowników Od wielu angielskich czasowników mo˝emy utworzyç rzeczowniki poprzez dodanie koƒcówki. Nazwy zawodów najcz´Êciej koƒczà si´ na –er lub –or:
to to to to
supervise (nadzorowaç) – a supervisor (prze∏o˝ony) operate (operowaç) – an operator (operator) drive (prowadziç samochód) – a driver (kierowca) manage (zarzàdzaç) – a manager (mened˝er, kierownik)
Inne rzeczowniki odczasownikowe przyjmujà ró˝ne koƒcówki: –y: to deliver (dostarczaç) – delivery (dostawa) –al: to arrive (przyje˝d˝aç) – arrival (przyjazd)
to dismiss (zwalniaç z pracy) – dismissal (zwolnienie) –ion: to promote (awansowaç) – promotion (awans)
to protect (chroniç) – protection (ochrona) –ance: to guide (prowadziç) – guidance (wskazówki)
to perform (spe∏niaç np. zadania) – performance (osiàgni´cia) to insure (ubezpieczaç) – insurance (ubezpieczenie)
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
35
My working day
åwiczenia1. Dopasuj pytania 1–6 do odpowiedzi a–f. 1. What do you do in your work? 2. What hours do you work? 3. Who is your boss? 4. Who are your employees? 5. What do you like about
your job?
a. I report to the HR director. b. I’m an HR assistant. c. It’s financially rewarding. d. No, it’s fairly easy. e. I work from 9 to 5. f. I’m responsible for 3 junior
6. Is your work difficult?
assistants.
2. Jaki to rodzaj pracy? Po∏àcz wypowiedzi 1–6 z okreÊleniami a–f. 1. I do the same thing thousands of
times a day. 2. I do exactly what I always wanted to do. 3. I have to solve difficult problems. 4. I earn a very decent salary. 5. It takes a lot of time to complete a task. 6. It generates much anxiety and I constantly work under pressure.
a. stressful b. repetitive c. financially rewarding d. time–consuming e. challenging f. fulfilling
3. Napisz zdania w czasie Simple Present z u˝yciem s∏ów poni˝ej. 1. in / never / after 9 p.m. / the office / stay / I
.......................................................................................... . 2. doesn’t / extra / performance / bonuses / for / get / he
.......................................................................................... . 3. do / have / often / reports / you / write
......................................................................................... ? 4. to a restaurant / twice a year / go / all staff / go / together
.......................................................................................... . 5. does / from time to time / he / visit / you
......................................................................................... ? 36
UNIT
5
4. W ka˝dym zdaniu jest jeden b∏àd. Znajdê go i popraw. 1. I always working late at night. 2. Mrs Dulac don’t work in our
4. Does she having a stressful
department anymore. 3. My manager has every day some problems with staff.
5. Martin isn’t enjoy his work. 6. I start my work always
job?
at 10 a.m.
5. W ka˝dym z poni˝szych zdaƒ wybierz pasujàce s∏owo. 1. We usually ..................... within 24 hours from receiving your
order. (deliver / delivery) 2. Michael’s ..................... was a shock for all of us. (dismiss /
dismissal) 3. As a chemical company, we have to be particularly sensitive to
environment ........................... . (protect / protection) 4. We .......................... (insured / insurance) the company’s
office against burglary. 5. If an employee does not ................. (perform / performance) well,
he or she might not get a .................... . (promote / promotion) My working day in a zoo
˚adna praca nie haƒbi. Równie˝ ta, którà mo˝na by okreÊliç w j´zyku angielskim jako dung picker, czyli zbieracz odchodów zwierz´cych... Jedno z popularnych swego czasu zdj´ç, jakie krà˝y∏y po Internecie, przedstawia∏o pracownika zoo stojàcego z wielkim foliowym workiem za s∏oniem, który w∏aÊnie spe∏nia∏ potrzeb´ fizjologicznà. Podpis pod zdj´ciem: And you thought that your job sucked (A tobie wydawa∏o si´, ˝e twoja praca jest do bani). Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1. 1 b 2 e 3 a 4 f 5 c 6 d 2. 1 b 2 f 3 e 4 c 5 d 6 a 3. 1 I never stay in the office after 9 p.m. 2 He doesn’t get extra bonuses for performance 3 Do you often have to write reports? 4 Twice a year all staff go to a restaurant together LUB All staff go together to a restaurant twice a year. 5 Does he visit you from time to time? 4. 1 work 2 doesn’t 3 My manager has some problems with staff every day. 4 have 5 doesn’t 6 I always start my work at 10 a.m. 5. 1 deliver 2 dismissal 3 protection 4 insured 5 perform, promotion www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
37
6. Progress check Sprawdê si´! 1. U∏ó˝ zdania z podanych wyrazów. 1. Jane/hello,/my/secretary./a/name/I’m/is/and 2. have/license/a/you/to/apply./must/driving 3. did/job?/quit/why/you/your/previous 4. modernize/We/department./have/our/IT/to 5. pressure./cope/I/under/with/can/working 6. 10 o’clock./office/is/the/open/never/before 7. some/needs to/costs/the/company/fire/they/cut/will/staff./so 8. years/as/worked/for/I/a/director/have/production/three 2. Test. Wybierz w∏aÊciwà odpowiedê. 1. Hello ........... .
6. My qualifications also .....
I haven’t seen you for ages! a. Andrew b. Mr Andrew c. sir Andrew d. Jones 2. My name is Jan. I’m ........ . a. Polish b. Poland c. from Polish d. from
Polland 3. ....... we meet in the lobby
at 8 p.m.? a. Let’s c. Would
b. Shall d. Do
4. I’m looking ...... a job. a. at b. after c. for d. on 5. His qualifications turned
........ to be insufficient. a. up b. out c. on d. in 38
a course in accounting. a. have b. are c. contain d. include 7. I ............ my German since
high school. a. haven’t used b. didn’t use c. don’t use d. am not using 8. My last job was ........... so
I changed it. a. bored b. interesting c. boring d. interested 9. I .................... problems
keeping deadlines. a. ‘ve never had b. wasn’t having c. had never d. ‘ve never have
UNIT
10. I’m ..... manager of this
13. Our accountant ……… the
shop. What seems to be the problem? a. a b. the c. an d. – 11. Mark couldn’t cope with his
duties ..... he was transferred to a lower position. a. then b. so c. to d. yet
6
bank every Tuesday. a. visits b. visit c. is visiting d. are visiting 14. ......................... till 5 p.m. a. Usually work I b. Usually I work c. I work usually d. I usually work 15. Every first Monday of the
12. Anania is a new company
.............. in the business travel market. a. operate b. operating c. operated d. operates
month, our boss ......... for a company dinner. a. taking us out b. has taken us out c. takes us out d. is taking us out
3. Krzy˝ówka: 1
1. Prawnik. 2. Send us your CV and a .... letter. 3. Zatrudniç, rekrutowaç. 4. Magazyn. 5. Pracowaç „w trybie
wielozadaniowym”. 6. Odpowiedzialny. 7. Jedno z wielu w punkcie 5. 8. Rzeczownik utworzony od to arrive. 9. ……. of stores. 10. Inaczej responsibilities.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1. 1. Hello, my name is Jane and I’m a secretary. 2. You must have a driving license to apply. 3. Why did you quit your previous job?. 4. We have to modernize our IT department. 5. I can cope with working under pressure. 6. The office is never open before 10 o’clock. 7. The company needs to cut costs, so they will fire some staff. 8. I have worked as a production director for three years. 2. 1a 2a 3b 4c 5b 6d 7a 8c 9a 10b 11b 12b 13a 14d 15c 3. 1. lawyer 2. covering 3. recruit 4. warehouse 5. multitask 6. responsible 7. task 8. arrival 9. chain 10. duties has∏o: accountant www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
39
7. Business presentations: En–Light CHRIS:
06
Good afternoon, my name is Christopher and I’m a sales representative for En–Light, a lighting systems designer and manufacturer. Thank you very much for inviting me today to present an offer for your new branch in Gdaƒsk. I hope that you’ll find my talk interesting, or indeed enlightening. Let me start with the general characteristics of our product range. I’ll then turn to an overview of lighting systems for industrial purposes. Next, I’d like to talk about the latest trends in light design in connection with modern office architecture. Finally, I’ll want to suggest a tailor–made solution for your Gdaƒsk office. As you may know, our lights are highly valued in Poland. Their strong advantage is very low energy consumption in comparison to similar products on the market. Perhaps they aren’t the cheapest, but still very competitively priced, cost–effective and value for money...
... All right, I think I’ll stop there. Thank you for your attention. Do you have any questions? Yes, you were talking about devices that ensure power supply in case of an electricity black out. How long can a building of our size be supplied with power from batteries? CHRIS: Approximately four hours. In most cases electricity is restored within that time. JOHN: You also said that the system is equipped with energy–saving features. What are they exactly? CHRIS: In each room there is a special sensor that measures the level of natural light and optimally adjusts the artificial light. This translates into lower electricity bills, of course... ALICE:
40
UNIT
7
S∏ownictwolighting system – system oÊwietleniowy manufacturer – producent offer – oferta branch – oddzia∏ enlightening – dos∏. „oÊwiecajàca”, rzucajàca nowe Êwiat∏o general characteristics – ogólna charakterystyka product range – asortyment for industrial purposes – dla celów przemys∏owych tailor–made – indywidualnie projektowane (dos∏. „szyte na miar´”) highly valued – wysoko cenione advantage – zaleta
low energy consumption – niskie zu˝ycie energii competitively priced – w konkurencyjnej cenie cost–effective – op∏acalne value for money – warte swojej ceny power supply – dostawa energii electricity black out – przerwa w dostawie elektrycznoÊci energy–saving features – funkcje oszcz´dzania energii (sth) translates into... – (coÊ) przek∏ada si´ na...
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówOur products are... – Nasze produkty sà... ~ comfortable – wygodne ~ easy to use – ∏atwe w u˝yciu ~ elegant – ∏adne, estetyczne ~ environment–friendly – przyjazne dla Êrodowiska ~ functional – funkcjonalne ~ high–quality – wysokiej jakoÊci ~ inexpensive – niedrogie ~ original – oryginalne, unikatowe ~ practical – praktyczne ~ reliable – solidne, niezawodne ~ safe – bezpieczne ~ state–of–the–art (cutting edge) technology – najnowoczeÊniejsze pod wzgl´dem technologicznym www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
41
Business presentations: En–Light
Jak to dzia∏a?PREZENTACJA Zapoznajmy si´ ze zwrotami przydatnymi w prezentacjach. ROZPOCZYNAMY
– Good afternoon, my name is... and I’m... for... . (Dzieƒ dobry, nazywam si´... i jestem... w firmie...) – Thank you very much for inviting me here today. (Bardzo dzi´kuj´ za zaproszenie mnie tutaj dzisiaj.) PRZEDSTAWIAMY CEL I G¸ÓWNE PUNKTY PREZENTACJI
My presentation is about... (Moja prezentacja dotyczy...) I’d like to talk about... (Chcia∏bym opowiedzieç o...) Let me start with... (Pozwólcie paƒstwo, ˝e zaczn´ od...) I’ll then turn to... Next, I’d like to say something about... (Nast´pnie przejd´ do... Póêniej chcia∏bym powiedzieç coÊ o...) – Finally,... (Na koniec...)
– – – –
ZMIENIAMY TEMAT
– So much for... Now let’s look at... (Wystarczy ju˝ o... Przejdêmy teraz do...) – Turning to... (Przechodzàc do...) PODSUMOWUJEMY
– Let me summarise briefly the main points. (Chcia∏bym krótko podsumowaç g∏ówne punkty.) – I’d like to recap now. (Chcia∏bym teraz podsumowaç.) – In conlusion,... (Podsumowujàc,...) KO¡CZYMY
– I think I’d stop here. (Chyba na tym ju˝ zakoƒcz´.) – Thank you for your attention. (Dzi´kuj´ za uwag´.) – I hope you found my talk interesting. (Mam nadziej´, ˝e moja prezentacja by∏a interesujàca.)
42
UNIT
7
PROSIMY O PYTANIA
– Do you have any questions? (Czy sà jakieÊ pytania?) – If you have any questions, feel free to interrupt me anytime you wish (JeÊli macie paƒstwo pytania, mo˝ecie mi przerwaç w dowolnej chwili.) – I’ll gladly answer any questions at the end of my presentation (Ch´tnie odpowiem na pytania na koniec prezentacji.)
ZADAWANIE PYTA¡ DO PREZENTACJI Zadajàc pytania prezenterowi, najpierw nawiàzujemy do tego, co powiedzia∏, nast´pnie zadajemy w∏aÊciwe pytanie:
You were talking about devices that ensure power supply in case of an electricity cut–off. (Mówi∏ pan o urzàdzeniach zapewniajàcych dop∏yw pràdu w razie odci´cia elektrycznoÊci.) – nawiàzanie. How long can a building of our size be supplied with power from batteries? (Jak d∏ugo budynek naszej wielkoÊci mo˝e byç zasilany z baterii?) – w∏aÊciwe pytanie. You also said that the system is equipped with energy–saving features. (Powiedzia∏ pan te˝, ˝e system wyposa˝ony jest w „funkcje oszcz´dzania energii”) – nawiàzanie. What are they exactly? (Jakie to dok∏adnie funkcje?) – w∏aÊciwe pytanie.
PORÓWNYWANIE CECH Dla skuteczniejszego przekonania s∏uchaczy do prezentowanego produktu mo˝emy pos∏u˝yç si´ porównaniami. Do tego celu u˝ywamy: PRZYMIOTNIKÓW W STOPNIU WY˚SZYM I NAJWY˚SZYM
– PMK–20 is cheaper than many similar products on the market. (PMK–20 jest taƒszy ni˝ wiele podobnych produktów na rynku.) www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
43
Business presentations: En–Light
– We offer the best functionality at the most competitive prices. (Oferujemy najlepszà funkcjonalnoÊç po najbardziej konkurencyjnych cenach.) WYRA˚E¡: as... as...; in comparison to...; unlike... ; still
– This model is twice as efficient as the previous one. (Ten model jest dwa razy wydajniejszy ni˝ poprzedni.) – Their strong advantage is very low energy consumption in comparison to similar products on the market. (Ich du˝à zaletà jest bardzo niskie zu˝ycie energii w porównaniu z podobnymi produktami na rynku.) – Unlike our competitors, we provide training for free. (W przeciwieƒstwie do konkurencji, oferujemy szkolenia bezp∏atnie.) – Our lights aren’t the cheapest, but still value for money. (Nasze oÊwietlenie nie jest najtaƒsze, ale mimo tego jest warte swej ceny.)
åwiczenia1. Wpisz odpowiednie przymiotniki w luki w poni˝szych zdaniach.
cost–effective, environment–friendly, cutting edge technology / state–of–the–art technology, safe, tailor–made 1. The new printers are very ....................................
– we reduced the cost of printing one page almost twice. 2. We only use the chemicals which are .....................................
and do not pollute air or water. 3. The security camera S–200 is ................................
– it has the most advanced functions you may require.
44
UNIT
7
4. These toys aren’t ............................. for children aged three
and less, who can swallow small elements. 5. We offer ............................... management trainings
– the courses are designed individually to client’s needs. 2. Dopasuj poczàtki zdaƒ 1–6 do zakoƒczeƒ a–f oraz napisz w jakiej kolejnoÊci pojawiajà si´ te zdania w prezentacji (zob. przyk∏ad).
..... 1. I’ll then turn ..... 2. It’s in three parts. Let me start ..... 3. Good afternoon and thank you ..... 4. Finally, I’ll look ..6.. 5. If you have any questions, ..... 6. My presentation is
a. at start–up costs for a simple
internet shop. b. about efficient online selling. c. feel free to interrupt me. d. to discussing barriers in
e–trade. e. for inviting me here. f. with some basic data about
Internet users in Poland. 3. Uzupe∏nij luki 1–6 w poni˝szej prezentacji zwrotami z ramki.
I’d like to talk about I’ll then turn to I work as a production director for Veel Cosmetics Finally Let me start with thank you for inviting me here Hello everybody and 1........................................... . My name is Jane and 2............................................................. Today 3............................................. the market for luxury cosmetics in Eastern Europe. 4..................................... a brief characteristics of markets in Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary and the Baltic States. 5................................... an analysis of customer preferences in these countries. 6. ..............................., I’ll look at opportunities for companies willing to invest in that area.
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
45
Business presentations: En–Light
4. Dobierz odpowiednie nawiàzanie spoÊród 1–5 do pytaƒ a–e. 1. You told us that compatibility problems are possible with older
hardware. 2. You suggested hiring an external transport company to take
care of the delivery. 3. You said that you can offer us a discount for large orders. 4. You said something about a company called Rutoc. 5. You recommended upgrading our computer software. a. How much can you give us for, let’s say, 500 units? b. Where can we find more information about their products? c. Will this programme run on a 500 MHz PC? d. What is the cost of such operation for 75 PCs? e. How much do you think we could save on that?
5. Wstaw w luki s∏owa lub zwroty oznaczajàce porównania.
the cheapest, in comparison to, unlike, in comparison to, as...as, but still, easier 1. We chose PanTek as our main supplier – their offer was
................... – only $20 per kilo,....................... $28 and $31 offered by their competitors. 2. ................. other companies, we do not charge extra fees for installation. 3. The new office is not ............... comfortable .............. the previous one. 4. Taxes went down by 2% in the UK last year, ................. they’re high. 5. Computers are much ................... to use today than 10 years ago.
46
UNIT
7
Don’t say...
Oprócz interesujàcej treÊci, dobra prezentacja w j´zyku angielskim to unikanie zarozumia∏ego tonu i kolokwialnego j´zyka. Nie zaczynajmy od Hi guys, how are you? („CzeÊç ludzie, co s∏ychaç?”) ani nie przesadzajmy z iloÊcià idiomów. Zdania typu The competitor’s product is worse than ours („Produkt konkurencji jest gorszy od naszego”) czy te˝ XYZ’s products are totally unsuitable for industrial purposes („Produkty firmy XYZ zupe∏nie nie nadajà si´ do zastosowaƒ przemys∏owych”) zastàpmy raczej takimi, które w pozytywny sposób opisujà naszà firm´ lub nasz produkt. Wreszcie, na zadane pytanie nigdy nie odpowiadajmy I don’t know („Nie wiem”) – zaproponujmy przekazanie informacji w póêniejszym terminie. Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1. 1 cost–effective 2 environment–friendly 3 cutting edge technology / state–of–the–art technology 4 safe 5 tailor–made 2. KolejnoÊç: (1) 3e (2) 6b (3) 2f (4) 1d (5) 4a (6) 5c 3. 1 thank you for inviting me here 2 I work as a production director for Veel Cosmetics 3 I’d like to talk about 4 Let me start with 5 I’ll then turn to 6 Finally 4. 1c 2e 3a 4b 5d 5. 1 the cheapest / in comparison to 2 Unlike / In comparison to 3 as...as 4 but still easier www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
47
8. Marketing: A new toothpaste Katie and Jim are marketing executives at NoName Inc. Katie stops Jim in the corridor to speak to him.
07
KATIE: Jim, do you have a minute? JIM: Sure, what’s up? KATIE: We’re doing a marketing campaign for a new toothpaste at
JIM: KATIE:
JIM:
KATIE:
JIM: KATIE: JIM:
KATIE: JIM: KATIE:
48
the moment. What do you think about launching it under our own brand? Hey! An own brand? So far we’ve only been doing generic products and others sold them under their private labels. Yeah... That’s a change and a challenge, isn’t it? We’re growing and it’s high time we finally had a brand like a proper company. I’m collecting people’s ideas... Well, I guess all but one of the P’s are there. The product is carefully designed, the price is fair, and the place of distribution – the supermarkets – is also fine. The only P we’re wanting is good promotion. With a new brand and our current target group, it can eat up a zillion, though... Uhmm... that’s what I’m also afraid of. We’re pretty tight on budget. I wish we had the cash for TV spots and celebrity endorsement. Actually, maybe we can do without hefty sums here... Are you suggesting anything? What about press ads just for a start, hmm? The dailies won’t charge us at rip–off prices. OK, newspapers aren’t as effective as TV, but we can boost sales by offering some added value. ’Buy one, get one free. Free dental check–up if you buy three?’ Great rhyme! I like it! That way we’ll also present ourselves as a company that cares for their clients’ health. And that can help us build up the brand awareness and loyalty too. Yes, that’s a good idea....
UNIT
8
S∏ownictwoto launch – wprowadziç na rynek brand – marka generic products – produkty niemarkowe private label – marka w∏asna sieci handlowej to collect sb’s ideas – zbieraç pomys∏y od kogoÊ all but one – wszystkie oprócz jednego the four P’s – Product, Price, Place, Promotion (produkt, cena, miejsce, promocja) we’re wanting – brakuje nam target group – grupa docelowa zillion – (pot.) bardzo du˝o to be tight on budget – mieç ograniczony bud˝et
celebrity endorsement – reklama z udzia∏em znanej osoby hefty sums – „ci´˝kie miliony” ads (pot.) – og∏oszenia to charge sb – za˝àdaç zap∏aty od kogoÊ at rip–off prices (pot.) – po wygórowanej paskarskiej cenie to boost sales – znacznie zwi´kszyç sprzeda˝ added value – wartoÊç dodana free dental check–up – darmowy przeglàd u dentysty brand awareness / loyalty – ÊwiadomoÊç / przywiàzanie do marki
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówafter–sales service – serwis posprzeda˝owy consumer – konsument discount – rabat, zni˝ka distribution channel – kana∏ dystrybucji end–user – u˝ytkownik koƒcowy franchising – franczyza gap (in the market) – luka (na rynku) intermediary – poÊrednik market segment / share – segment / udzia∏ w rynku margin – mar˝a www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
manufacturer – producent Point of Sale (POS) – punkt sprzeda˝y recommended (retail) price – sugerowana cena (detaliczna) retail / wholesale trade – handel detaliczny / hurtowy sales outlet / network – punkt / sieç sprzeda˝y supply – poda˝ Unique Selling Point (USP) – oryginalna cecha produktu odró˝niajàca go od konkurencji 49
Marketing: A new toothpaste
Jak to dzia∏a?Czasownik do Angielskiego czasownika do u˝ywamy w wielu znaczeniach i funkcjach: Jako operatora w zdaniach pytajàcych i przeczàcych w czasie Simple Present:
Jim, do you have a minute? (Jim, czy masz dla mnie chwil´?) I don’t have time. (Nie mam czasu.) Jako czasownika „robiç, pracowaç nad czymÊ”: We’re doing a marketing campaign... (Robimy kampani´...) W po∏àczeniu z przyimkami: Maybe we can do without lots of money. (Mo˝e poradzimy sobie bez wielkich pieni´dzy.) Let’s do away with unnecessary expenses. (Zlikwidujmy niepotrzebne wydatki.) W zdaniach twierdzàcych, by podkreÊliç jakiÊ wa˝ny komunikat: Oh, I do apologise. It is entirely my fault. (Och, bardzo przepraszam. To wy∏àcznie moja wina.) We do know that they’re insolvent. (Wiemy z ca∏à pewnoÊcià, ˝e sà niewyp∏acalni.) We frazach: $50 should do for a meal. (50$ powinno wystarczyç na posi∏ek.) We have nothing to do with tax fraud. (Nie mamy nic wspólnego z oszustwami podatkowymi.)
J´zyk potoczny W nieformalnych sytuacjach, np. podczas luênej rozmowy z kolegami w pracy, cz´sto u˝ywamy wyra˝eƒ potocznych:
What’s up? (O co chodzi?) The only P we’re wanting. (Jedyne ‘P’, którego nam brakuje.) It can eat up a zillion. (To mo˝e nam po˝reç sporo kasy.) We’re pretty tight on budget. (Krucho u nas z pieni´dzmi.) Maybe we can do without hefty sums. (Mo˝e poradzimy sobie bez ci´˝kich milionów.) 50
UNIT
8
The dailies won’t charge us at rip–off prices (Dzienniki nie skasujà nas po paskarskich cenach.) We can boost sales... (Mo˝emy podbiç sprzeda˝...)
Porównanie – like oraz as Prawid∏owe u˝ycie s∏ówek like oraz as sprawia problem ze wzgl´du na podobne t∏umaczenia: „jak” lub „jako”. W zdaniach wyra˝ajàcych podobieƒstwo u˝ywamy like:
It’s high time we had a brand like a proper company. (Najwy˝szy czas, ˝ebyÊmy mieli mark´ jak firma z prawdziwego zdarzenia.) Exporting textiles to China is like sending ice to Antarctica. (Eksport ubraƒ do Chin jest jak wysy∏anie lodu na Antarktyd´.) S∏ówka as u˝ywamy w znaczeniach „jako”, „w taki sposób jak”, oraz w zwrotach: as...as... („tak...jak...”), as usual („jak zwykle”), such as („taki jak”), the same as („taki sam jak”):
We’ll present ourselves as a company that cares for their clients’ health. (Przedstawimy si´ jako firma, która troszczy si´ o zdrowie swoich klientów.) Do as you are told! (Rób jak ci ka˝à!) Newspapers are not as effective as TV. (Gazety nie sà tak skuteczne jak telewizja.)
Zwroty I wish, It’s high time Po niektórych zwrotach wyra˝ajàcych ˝yczenie (It’s high time, I wish) lub przypuszczenie (Suppose..., Supposing...), które odnoszà si´ do teraêniejszoÊci bàdê przysz∏oÊci, u˝ywamy czasu Simple Past:
It’s high time we finally had a brand. (Najwy˝szy czas, ˝ebyÊmy wreszcie mieli w∏asnà mark´.) I wish we had the cash for TV spots. (Chcia∏abym, ˝ebyÊmy mieli pieniàdze na klipy w telewizji.) www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
51
Marketing: A new toothpaste
åwiczenia1. Wpisz w luki w zdaniach 1–5 odpowiednie s∏owa z ramki.
market share target group franchising margin private labels recommended retail price 1. King’s Diamonds Co. sell expensive jewellery – their 2. We buy light bulbs from the manufacturer at €0.10 per unit
......................... are rich and independent customers.
and sell them at the ............................ of € 0.45, so our ......................... is € 0.35. 3. Buying a license to use somebody else’s brand name and logo is an arrangement known as ..................... . 4. Many supermarkets have their ...................... nowadays, for example ABC mineral water, ABC beer or ABC sugar. 5. Brilliant Co. have 25% .......... for make–up products in Poland. 2. Zastàp pogrubione wyra˝enia w zdaniach 1–5 ich potocznymi odpowiednikami a–e. 1. She needs a new challenge. 2. The project may require large financial
a. is wanting
something to give her a kick. b. boost c. can eat up a zillion d. was ripped off e. hefty sums
investment. 3. Let’s think how we can increase our sales. 4. Launching a TV campaign involves a significant amount of money. 5. I paid twice as much as I should have at the airline office! 3. W luki poni˝ej wpisz odpowiednie zwroty z ramki.
don’t
doing away
should do
do without
do
1. Three weeks .................... to come up with the marketing
brief – it’s more than enough. 2. We .................. need to be more aggressive with advertising,
no doubt. Otherwise, our sales will drop to zero. 3. I suggest ..................... with customer loyalty programmes that didn’t bring any results and cost us money. 52
UNIT
8
4. Every company needs careful planning – it’s not possible to
.................. it. 5. Honestly, I ..................... know anything about this company,
but I can check them on the Internet. 4. Like czy as? 1. The situation is not the same .............. fifteen years ago. 2. The department director treats her employees .......... slaves. 3. AlphaSuits new men’s collection looks ............... a pile of rags. 4. He works ............ a marketing executive. 5. I have reworked the product logo ............ you requested. 5. W ka˝dym z poni˝szych zdaƒ jest jeden b∏àd. Znajdê go i popraw. 1. It’s high time she gets promoted to a managerial position. 2. I wish we can spend our time on something more efficient
than paperwork! 3. Suppose they cheating us, we have no way to take them to court. 4. I wish that they are more co–operative. 5. It’s about time we re–design our company website. Direct marketing
Jak obrazowo scharakteryzowaç ró˝ne rodzaje marketingu? Wyobraêmy sobie, ˝e jesteÊmy na przyj´ciu, na którym widzimy niezwykle interesujàcà osob´... Co zrobiç? Mo˝emy podejÊç i powiedzieç I’m fantastic in bed – jest to przyk∏ad direct marketing (marketingu bezpoÊredniego). JeÊli wyÊlemy kogoÊ, by powiedzia∏ powy˝sze zdanie o nas, b´dzie to przyk∏ad advertising (reklamy). Najlepiej jednak zaczekaç, a˝ osoba sama podejdzie do nas i powie I hear you’re fantastic in bed – wtedy jest to brand awareness (ÊwiadomoÊç marki). Klucz do çwiczeƒ
1. 1 target group 2 recommended retail price, margin 3 franchising 4 private labels 5 market share 2. 1 a 2 c 3 b 4 e 5 d 3. 1 should do 2 do 3 doing away 4 do without 5 don’t 4. 1 as 2 like 3 like 4 as 5 as 5. 1 It’s high time she gets got promoted... 2 I wish we can could spend... 3 Suppose they cheating cheated us... 4 I wish that they are were.... 5 It’s about time we re–design re–designed our ... www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
53
9. Fragrance DeLuxe MIKE: Right, hello everyone. As you know, today we’re discussing an
08
ANNE:
JAKE:
MIKE: JAKE:
MIKE: ANNE:
MIKE: ANNE:
JAKE:
MIKE:
advertising strategy for Fragrance DeLuxe, our latest perfume design. Let’s start from deciding on the target group and then move on to the details of promotion... Anyone? Mhhmm... from what I know, the retail price will be around $100 per bottle, so I think we should go for people in the high or upper–middle income bracket, say, $40,000 a year? That sounds reasonable. But what about fashion–conscious people who can’t afford luxury goods now but will probably earn more in the future to pay for our upper–shelf perfumes? Are you suggesting advertising to students, Jake? Yeah, why not? Many of them are eager to buy expensive things and although they’re short of cash now, they’ll come to spend money with us once they start making it. Jake, I don’t think that’s a good idea. It’s going to generate huge costs and we can never see the potential profits. Mike’s right. It’s just inefficient. How about targeting working women in their 30–40’s? A good press campaign supported by hoardings in larger cities could do very well. I like your proposal, Anne, but I’m not certain if daily newspapers are really the best medium. You see, ... Sorry, could I just interrupt you? I was thinking about women magazines, not dailies. Fragrance DeLuxe is for women, so women magazines are a natural choice. Yes, I agree with Anne. We can also include free samples on the page with our advertisement. It worked very well with the campaign for CitroChic. Good idea. Consumers always like freebies. So, can we now...
S∏ownictwoadvertising strategy – strategia reklamowa retail price – cena detaliczna
54
we should go for people in the high or upper–middle income bracket – powinniÊmy skupiç si´ na ludziach o wysokich lub Êrednich dochodach
UNIT
fashion-conscious – znajàcy si´ na modzie to afford sth – móc sobie na coÊ pozwoliç many of them are eager to buy expensive things – wielu z nich ch´tnie kupi∏oby drogie rzeczy to be short of cash – nie mieç doÊç pieni´dzy to make money – zarabiaç pieniàdze
9
potential profits – potencjalne zyski inefficient – nieefektywne hoardings (AmE billboards) – billboardy, plakaty uliczne medium – Êrodek (reklamy) women magazines – pisma kobiece dailies – dzienniki free samples – darmowe próbki freebies – gratisy
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówadvertising agency – agencja reklamowa advertising brief – brief reklamowy classified ads – og∏oszenia drobne focused advertising – reklama do okreÊlonej grupy osób to launch a press campaign – uruchomiç kampani´ prasowà leaflet – ulotka mailing – rozsy∏anie reklam drogà pocztowà radio / TV spot – spot radiowy / telewizyjny to publish (run) an advert – publikowaç reklam´ special offer – oferta specjalna strap line – slogan, has∏o reklamowe TV commercial – reklama telewizyjna word–of–mouth advertising – reklama „szeptana”
Jak to dzia∏a?Udzia∏ w zebraniach Rozpoczynamy
– Today we’re discussing an advertising strategy for... (DziÊ rozmawiamy o strategii reklamowej...) – Right, let’s start / let’s get started. (No dobrze, zacznijmy.) www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
55
Fragrance DeLuxe
Wyra˝amy opini´
– I think we should go for people in the high income bracket. (MyÊl´, ˝e powinniÊmy uderzyç w ludzi o wysokich dochodach.) – In my opinion, that’s not the most cost–effective solution. (Moim zdaniem to nie jest najbardziej efektywne rozwiàzanie, jeÊli chodzi o koszty.) Proponujemy rozwiàzanie – How about targeting working women in their 30’s? (A mo˝e ukierunkowaç reklam´ na pracujàce kobiety po trzydziestce?) – Why don’t we advertise in women magazines? (A mo˝e powinniÊmy si´ og∏aszaç w pismach kobiecych?) Zgadzamy si´ – Mike’s right. (Mike ma racj´.) – I like your proposal. (Podoba mi si´ twoja propozycja.) – I agree with Anne. (Zgadzam si´ z Annà.) – Good idea. (Dobry pomys∏.) – You’re absolutely right (Masz ca∏kowità racj´.) Mamy inne zdanie lub wàtpliwoÊci – I don’t think that’s a good idea. (Nie sàdz´, ˝eby to by∏ dobry pomys∏.) – I’m not certain if... (Nie jestem pewny, czy...) – That’s not exactly true. (To nie do koƒca prawda.) – I’m afraid I don’t see it like that. (Obawiam si´, ˝e ja widz´ to inaczej.) Zadajemy pytania – Anyone? (KtoÊ ch´tny?) – Are you suggesting advertising to students? (Proponujesz reklamy skierowane do studentów?) – Can you go over that again? (Czy mo˝esz to jeszcze raz wyjaÊniç?) – What do you think about that? (Co o tym sàdzisz?) – What do you mean by ’average’? (Co masz na myÊli mówiàc „Êredni”?) Przerywamy komuÊ – Sorry, could I just interrupt you? (Przepraszam, czy mog´ ci przerwaç?) – Sorry, could I just say something? (Przepraszam, czy mog´ coÊ powiedzieç?) 56
UNIT
9
Koƒczymy spotkanie
– So, let’s just summarize the main points. (No dobrze, podsumujmy g∏ówne punkty.) – We’ll finish the discussion tomorrow. (Dokoƒczymy dyskusj´ jutro.) – Thank you all for coming. (Dzi´kuj´ wszystkim za przybycie.)
Let’s i How about Zwrotów let’s i how about u˝ywamy do wyra˝enia sugestii. Po let’s u˝ywamy czasownika w bezokoliczniku bez to, natomiast po how about formy –ing:
Let’s start from deciding on the target group. (Zacznijmy od okreÊlenia grupy docelowej.) How about targeting working women in their 30s? (A mo˝e ukierunkowaç reklam´ na pracujàce kobiety po trzydziestce?)
S∏ownictwo dotyczàce reklamy campaign: press and TV ~ (kampania prasowa i telewizyjna),
successful ~ (udana), to launch a ~ (uruchomiç kampani´), a ~ aimed at... (kampania kierowana do...) strategy: effective ~ (efektywna strategia), clear ~ (jasna), short–term ~ (krótkoterminowa), to decide on a ~ (przyjàç strategi´) price: high ~ (wysoka cena), prohibitive ~ (zaporowa), exorbitant ~ („kosmiczna”), reasonable ~ (rozsàdna), average ~ (Êrednia), retail ~ (detaliczna), to raise ~ (podnieÊç cen´), to reduce ~ (obni˝yç), ~ range (zakres cenowy) money: to spend ~ (wydawaç pieniàdze), to make ~ (zarabiaç), to waste ~ (marnowaç), to save ~ (oszcz´dzaç) profit: to generate ~ (generowaç zyski), to make ~ (zarabiaç), huge ~ (ogromny zysk), record ~ (rekordowy), small ~ (ma∏y)
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
57
Fragrance DeLuxe
åwiczenia1.
Po∏àcz przyk∏ady 1–5 z odpowiednimi okreÊleniami a–e. 1. ’Buy one, get one free’ 2. A key–ring which you get for free if you
buy e.g. a shampoo 3. people who the advertisement is directed to 4. letting other people know about the
product through personal recommendation 5. a bottle of perfume advertised by a
a. target group b. word–of–mouth
advertising c. special offer d. product
endorsement e. a freebie
famous footballer 2. Uzupe∏nij poni˝szy dialog wstawiajàc wyra˝enia a–g w odpowiednie luki.
a. I’m afraid d. I agree g. I suggest – – – – – – – – –
b. what do you think about e. How about
c. Let’s f. good idea
So, (1) .......... the possible target group for our product? (2) .......... we could aim at people in their 40’s or older. (3) .......... . They use it quite a lot, it’ll be a perfect product for them. (4) .......... discuss the price now. Shall we sell it at, say, €50? €50? (5) .......... it’s too expensive. The price should be much lower. But why? This is only a little more than our competitors’ price. Because we are new on the market and we need new clients. (6) .......... selling at €35 per unit, but in smaller bottles? OK, that’s a (7) .......... . The bottle will be smaller, but also cheaper.
3. Let’s czy how about? 1. ........... 2. ........... 3. ........... 4. ........... 5. ...........
58
finish discussing this tomorrow, shall we? finishing the discussion tomorrow? ignore these points – they’re not important. count how much this will all cost. running a TV campaign?
UNIT
9
4. Po∏àcz fragmenty z obu kolumn tak, by powsta∏y logiczne zdania. 1. It’s absolutely clear that
a. aimed at teenagers and
we’re wasting 2. Aria’s advertising strategy 3. I’m afraid that $100 is a prohibitive 4. One of the mobile phone operators has launched a campaign 5. The Board is celebrating, as the new campaign brought a record
young adults, which proved very successful. b. is very clear – they know exactly who they want to reach. c. profit of $1 million. d. money on advertising in unpopular newspapers. e. price and nobody’s going to buy such an expensive product.
Mayday, mayday... We are sinking...
Jedna z du˝ych szkó∏ j´zykowych przygotowa∏a kiedyÊ oryginalny spot reklamowy. Oto na ekranie widzimy lekko przera˝onego oficera niemieckiej stra˝y przybrze˝nej (German coast guard), który nie bardzo rozumie, co znaczy dochodzàce z g∏oÊnika wo∏anie w j´zyku angielskim Mayday, mayday... We are sinking! (Pomocy – toniemy!). Oficer rozglàda si´ w poszukiwaniu kogoÊ, kto móg∏by go wyr´czyç w tej k∏opotliwej sytuacji, ale doko∏a nie ma nikogo. W koƒcu naciska przycisk mikrofonu i mówi What are you sinking about? Reklama koƒczy∏a si´ planszà z napisem Improve your English... (Doskonal swój angielski – uwaga: jeÊli nie rozumiesz, o co chodzi, przeczytaj klucz do çwiczeƒ). Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1. 1 c 2 e 3 a 4 b 5 d 2. 1 b 2 g 3 d 4 c 5 a 6 e 7 f 3. 1 Let’s 2 How about 3 Let’s 4 Let’s 5 How about 4. 1 d 2 b 3 e 4 a 5 c Mayday, mayday... We are sinking Czasownik sink (tonàç) ma zbli˝onà wymow´ do think (myÊleç). Wymowa ta jest bardzo cz´sto mylona. Niemieckiemu oficerowi wydawa∏o si´, ˝e us∏ysza∏ „MyÊlimy, myÊlimy”, wi´c zapyta∏: „O czym myÊlicie?” www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
59
10. Human Resources: kick out the IT Eric, the Managing Director of Tars Textiles, has asked Maggie, the HR director, to come to his office.
09
MAGGIE: You wanted to see me, Eric? ERIC: Yes, Maggie, come in... It’s a delicate situation so I’d
MAGGIE: ERIC: MAGGIE: ERIC:
MAGGIE: ERIC: MAGGIE: ERIC: MAGGIE:
ERIC: MAGGIE:
ERIC:
60
appreciate your discretion. We’re considering reorganization of some of the departments and... Eric – tell it as it is: are we firing people? Well, I’m not saying we will, but we may. And I need... ... me as an HR director to tell the victims? Maggie! Let me finish, please? No final decision has been taken yet; however, the facts are clear – labour costs have gone up and we are clearly overstaffed. All right, so what’s the plan? We have to cut overheads and I thought we could outsource some of the non–core activities. You’re thinking about administration and maintenance? Right, in fact, most of the admin staff. We’d rather not touch any of the line positions. Let me think... We might do away with IT people. Having them on our payroll is really expensive and independent sub–contractors can do this job much more cost–effectively. Good idea! I see we’re communicating. And how about outsourcing the bookkeeping services? That’s popular now. Let’s make an exception and keep the books. We have too many operations to handle every month and an external firm might be more expensive than in–house staff. We have to see what’s more economically viable, of course. And on a positive note – we are currently creating more sales positions and I’d like you to prepare new contracts for...
UNIT
10
S∏ownictwoI’d appreciate... – By∏bym wdzi´czny za... to fire sb – wyrzucaç kogoÊ z pracy victim – ofiara labour costs – koszty pracy to be overstaffed – mieç za du˝o pracowników overheads – koszty ogólne to outsource – zleciç zewn´trznej firmie (jakàÊ dzia∏alnoÊç) core activity – dzia∏alnoÊç podstawowa maintenance – personel techniczny admin staff – personel administracyjny
line positions – stanowiska zwiàzane z dzia∏alnoÊcià podstawowà sub–contractors – podwykonawcy, zleceniobiorcy bookkeeping – ksi´gowoÊç Let’s keep the books – zostawmy ksi´gowoÊç to handle sth –zajmowaç si´ czymÊ in–house staff – pracownicy w∏asni economically viable – uzasadnione ekonomicznie on the positive note – coÊ optymistycznego
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówcompensation – odszkodowanie, wynagrodzenie to dismiss sb – zwolniç kogoÊ dress code – wymagany strój for disciplinary reasons – z powodów dyscyplinarnych grievance procedure – tryb rozpatrywania skarg to make sb redundant – zwolniç kogoÊ (z powodu redukcji) maternity leave – urlop macierzyƒski motivational programme – program motywacyjny overpaid –zbyt wysoko op∏acany paid / unpaid holiday – urlop p∏atny / bezp∏atny perks – korzyÊci niepieni´˝ne (np. s∏u˝bowy samochód) probationary period – okres próbny recruitment – rekrutacja sick leave – zwolnienie lekarskie training – szkolenie underpaid –zbyt nisko op∏acany www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
61
Human Resources: kick out the IT
Jak to dzia∏a?CZASOWNIKI MODALNE: can, could, may, might Przy pomocy czasowników modalnych can, could, may oraz might wyra˝amy sugesti´ lub przypuszczenie. Najwi´ksze prawdopodobieƒstwo wyra˝a czasownik can, a najmniejsze might.
I’m not saying we will fire people, but we may. (Nie mówi´, ˝e zwolnimy ludzi, ale mo˝emy [to zrobiç].) We could outsource some of the non–core activities. (MoglibyÊmy zleciç zewn´trznej firmie niektóre zadania nie zwiàzane z podstawowà dzia∏alnoÊcià.) We might do away with IT people. (MoglibyÊmy pozbyç si´ ludzi z dzia∏u IT.) Sub–contractors can do this job more cost–effectively. (Zleceniobiorcy mogà wykonywaç t´ prac´ taniej.)
make oraz do W j´zyku angielskim u˝ywamy dwóch czasowników w znaczeniu „robiç”, „wykonywaç”:
Sub–contractors can do this job.... (Zleceniobiorcy mogà wykonywaç t´ prac´...) Let’s make an exception. (Zróbmy wyjàtek.) Inne frazy: do: business with sb (robiç z kimÊ interesy)
sb a favour (zrobiç komuÊ przys∏ug´) one’s best (postaraç si´) a research (przeprowadziç badania) make: an appointment (umówiç si´ na spotkanie),
a mistake (zrobiç b∏àd), money (zarabiaç), a phone call (zadzwoniç), a plan (zaplanowaç), profit (mieç zysk), a suggestion (zaproponowaç), an offer (wystosowaç ofert´) 62
UNIT
10
Umowa o prac´ CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT: (Umowa o prac´)
Entered into by and between (Zawarta pomi´dzy) ....., hereinafter referred to as ’the employer’ (dalej: „pracodawca”) and ....., hereinafter referred to as ’the employee’ (dalej: „pracownik”) COMMENCEMENT: (rozpocz´cie)
This contract will begin on... and continue until... (Umowa obowiàzuje od... i jest wa˝na do...) JOB TITLE AND DESCRIPTION: (stanowisko pracy)
The employee will work as... (Pracownik b´dzie zatrudniony jako...) The place of work is... (Miejscem pracy jest...) The working hours are from... to..., Monday to Friday. (Godziny pracy: od... do..., od poniedzia∏ku do piàtku.) Three cigarette breaks, 10 minutes each, are allowed daily. (Dozwolone sà trzy 10–min. przerwy na papierosa dziennie.) DUTIES: (obowiàzki)
The employee will be responsible for ... (Pracownik odpowiedzialny b´dzie za... – lista czynnoÊci w punktach) The employee must not use confidential information for private purposes. (Pracownikowi nie wolno u˝ywaç poufnych informacji do celów prywatnych.) PAY: (wynagrodzenie)
The weekly / monthly pay will be... plus performance bonuses. (Tygodniowe / miesi´czne wynagrodzenie wyniesie... plus dodatki za wyniki.) It will be paid in cash / by bank transfer. (Zostanie ono wyp∏acone w gotówce / przelewem bankowym.) in advance / in arrears (z góry / z do∏u) Uwaga: W Wlk. Brytanii przy zawieraniu sta∏ej umowy o prac´ pensja (salary) bardzo cz´sto okreÊlana jest w stosunku rocznym (p.a., per annum). www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
63
Human Resources: kick out the IT
NOTICE AND TERMINATION: (wypowiedzenie i rozwiàzanie)
This contract can be terminated by either party giving to the other one month’s written notice. (Niniejsza umowa mo˝e byç rozwiàzana przez ka˝dà ze stron, z jednomiesi´cznym wypowiedzeniem w formie pisemnej.) SIGNATURES: (podpisy)
åwiczenia1. U∏ó˝ wypowiedzi a–h w sensowny dialog.
.....
a.
..1..
b. I’ve decided to fire some of our employees.
.....
c. Well, you have no other choice, do you...?
.....
d. May I ask why you’re firing the three?
.....
e. Oh yes? And who are the victims?
.....
f. They were found stealing from the warehouse.
.....
g. For disciplinary reasons.
.....
h.
Disciplinary reasons?! What did they do exactly?
Mr Lyns, Mrs Panker and Mrs Irgenson.
2. Uzupe∏nij poni˝sze zdania wyrazami z ramki.
overheads training
to outsource was dismissed
perks
sick leave
1. Administration and other ..................... eat up too much cash,
so we need ...................... some non–core activities. 64
UNIT
10
2. Mr Wilkins ........................ on his own request. 3. One of the ................... is a company car. 4. A note from the doctor is required when taking ................... . 5. New employees undergo .................... before they can operate
the machines.
3.
Dopasuj problemy 1–5 do odpowiedniego przypuszczenia lub sugestii a–e. 1. Our 2. The 3. Our 4. The
employees don’t know how to handle aggressive customers. marketing department is overstaffed. accountants are overpaid. marketing director is complaining about her work conditions. 5. The staff are unhappy about the new director. a. We might try reducing their salaries. b. We can move some staff to other departments. c. We could organize assertiveness training. d. Some of them might leave their jobs. e. She may want a higher salary.
4. Make czy do? 1. John, will you ............. me a favour? 2. Good afternoon, I’d like to ...... an appointment with Mr Wells. 3. Excuse me, can I ................. a suggestion? 4. I can’t promise anything but I’ll .................. my best. 5. It’s hard to ................. any profit if the prices are so low. www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
65
Human Resources: kick out the IT
5. Uzupe∏nij luki w tekÊcie odpowiednimi zwrotami podanymi poni˝ej.
CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT 1....:
Plastic Technologies Ltd, 2.... ’the employer’; and Mrs Linda Evans, 2.... ’the employee’ This contract is made for a 3..... which will begin 4.... and continue 5.... . 6.... a secretary. 7.... 35 High Street, Ipswich, UK. The working hours are 8....., Monday to Friday. 9...: answering phone calls, handling correspondence, entertaining visitors and managing the office archives. The employee must not use any 10.... information for her private purposes. 11.... will be £15,000. 12.... monthly 13.... to the account indicated by the employee, on the 28th day of each month. This contract can be 14..... by either party giving to the other 15.... . Thus done and signed at Ipswich, on this tenth day of April 2007. ___(xxx)___ Employee a. on 01 September 2007 b. Entered into by and between c. two week’s written notice d. The employee will work as e. The place of work is f. terminated g. until 31 September 2007 h. confidential
66
___(xxx)___ Employer i. probationary period j. The annual salary k. hereinafter referred to as l. This will be paid m. from 10 a.m. until 6 p.m. n. The employee will be
responsible for o. by bank transfer
UNIT
10
Company (de)motivational posters
Pracodawcy znajdujà ró˝ne sposoby, by zach´ciç pracowników do identyfikowania si´ z firmà. Jednym z nich sà ró˝nego rodzaju „has∏a bojowe” oraz „z∏ote myÊli”. Na pewno jednak w ˝adnej firmie nie zobaczymy plakatów z takimi napisami: If you do a good job and work hard, you may get a better job with another company one day (JeÊli pracujesz dobrze, pewnego dnia mo˝esz dostaç lepszà prac´ w innej firmie), Your job is still better than asking ’You want fries with what?’ (Twoja praca i tak jest lepsza ni˝ pytanie „To z czym majà byç te frytki?”) albo Sure, you may not like working here, but we pay for your rent („Jasne, mo˝e ci si´ tu nie podobaç, ale to my p∏acimy za twoje mieszkanie”). Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1. 1 b 2 e 3 h 4 d 5 g 6 a 7 f 8 c 2. 1 overheads, to outsource 2 was dismissed 3 perks 4 sick leave 5 training 3. 1 c 2 b 3 a 4 e 5 d 4. 1 do 2 make 3 make 4 do 5 make 5. 1 b 2 k 3 i 4 a 5 g 6 d 7 e 8 m 9 n 10 h 11 j 12 l 13 o 14 f 15 c www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
67
11. Planning: Sunny Vale Inc. Sunny Vale Inc. is a medium–sized body cosmetics manufacturer. Jeff, the company’s sales director, is talking to Michael, one of the sales representatives.
10
JEFF: MICHAEL: JEFF:
MICHAEL:
JEFF:
MICHAEL:
JEFF:
MICHAEL: JEFF:
MICHAEL: JEFF: MICHAEL:
68
Michael, we’re planning a promotional campaign for our sun creams to improve their sales. Sounds like a new challenge. It is a challenge indeed. We’re launching the campaign in two weeks and we want to increase our sales by 10% in the summer months. Hmm... a 10% increase in sales means that our sales forecast must be very optimistic. How are we going to achieve that? Take a look at consumer surveys. Our clients appear to complain about two things: too high prices and poor availability. Our sun creams can be bought only in big supermarkets, but are not available anywhere in small sea resorts. Yes, chemists’ and convenience stores are certainly options to consider. It seems we’ve been losing a lot of money so far... True. However, we’re determined to develop and expand our distribution channels and I’m confident about reaching the sales target. How are we going to make retailers place orders with us? We’ll be trying to get to them through wholesalers. That’s why I’d like you to gather information about where the small shops and chemists’ in sea resorts buy their stock. By when? By next Friday at the latest. And then I suppose we’ll need a few meetings to plan the details of the campaign. OK, I’ll do it.
UNIT
11
S∏ownictwoto improve – poprawiç challenge – wyzwanie to achieve – osiàgnàç a 10% increase – dziesi´cioprocentowy wzrost sales forecast – prognoza sprzeda˝y consumer surveys – badania konsumenckie availability – dost´pnoÊç chemists’ (l. poj. chemist’s) – apteki to consider options – rozwa˝yç opcje
It seems... – Wydaje si´, ˝e... to develop – rozwinàç to expand – rozszerzyç to reach sth – osiàgnàç coÊ sales target – zaplanowana wysokoÊç sprzeda˝y We’ll be trying to get to them – B´dziemy si´ starali do nich dotrzeç to gather information – zebraç informacje stock – towar
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówto be (fall) behind schedule – mieç opóênienie contingency plan – plan awaryjny deadline – termin to extend a ~ – przesunàç termin; to keep a ~, to meet a ~ – dotrzymaç terminu; to miss a ~ – nie zdà˝yç w terminie; tight ~ – napi´ty termin to do sth on time / ahead of schedule – zrobiç coÊ na czas / przed terminem to estimate – oszacowaç feedback – informacja zwrotna
to go over budget – przekroczyç bud˝et objective – cel short–term / mid–term / long–term ~ – cel krótko– / Êrednio– / d∏ugookresowy; final ~ – cel ostateczny; key ~ – cel kluczowy; to meet ~ – osiàgnàç cel project analysis – analiza projektu sales growth / revenue – wzrost / przychody ze sprzeda˝y troubleshooting – rozwiàzywanie problemów
Jak to dzia∏a?Wyra˝anie przysz∏oÊci Do wyra˝ania przysz∏oÊci w j´zyku angielskim u˝ywamy ró˝nych czasów i konstrukcji gramatycznych: www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
69
Planning: Sunny Vale Inc.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS: ustalone plany na przysz∏oÊç
– We’re launching the campaign in two weeks. (Rozpoczynamy kampani´ za dwa tygodnie.) PRESENT SIMPLE: terminy, rozk∏ady zaj´ç – The meeting begins at 7 o’clock. (Spotkanie rozpoczyna si´ o 7.) GOING TO + BEZOKOLICZNIK: czynnoÊci zaplanowane, zamiary – How are we going to achieve that? (Jak zamierzamy to osiàgnàç?) WILL (‘LL) + BEZOKOLICZNIK: decyzje niezaplanowane, podejmowane w chwili ich komunikowania, przewidywanie wydarzeƒ – OK, I’ll do it. (Dobrze, zrobi´ to.) – I suppose we’ll need a few meetings. (Wydaje mi si´, ˝e b´dziemy potrzebowaç kilku spotkaƒ.) WILL BE + CZASOWNIK Z –ING: dzia∏ania przysz∏e o charakterze d∏ugotrwa∏ym lub powtarzalnym – We’ll be trying to get to them through wholesalers. (B´dziemy próbowaç dotrzeç do nich przez hurtowników – nie na skutek jednorazowej czynnoÊci, lecz przez jakieÊ d∏u˝sze dzia∏anie.)
Czasowniki seem oraz appear Czasowniki seem i appear stosujemy, by uczyniç naszà wypowiedê mniej kategorycznà. Mo˝emy ich u˝ywaç zarówno w konstrukcjach It seems (that), It appears (that), jak i po podmiocie.
– It seems we’ve been losing money (Wyglàda na to, ˝e traciliÊmy pieniàdze...) – zamiast bardziej zdecydowanego: We’ve been losing money. – Our clients appear to complain about two things. (Wyglàda na to, ˝e nasi klienci skar˝à si´ na dwie rzeczy) zamiast bardziej stanowczego: Our clients complain about two things. Przy opisywaniu wydarzeƒ z przesz∏oÊci, po seem i appear czasownik ma form´ to have + Past Participle:
We lost the Polish market.
It appears that we lost the Polish market. ALE: We appear to have lost the German market. (Wydaje si´, ˝e straciliÊmy rynek niemiecki.) 70
+
UNIT
Sales have increased.
+
11
It appears that sales have increased.
ALE: Sales appear to have increased. (Wydaje si´, ˝e sprzeda˝ wzros∏a.)
Rzeczowniki i czasowniki Niektórych s∏ów (increase, forecast, plan, budget, import, export) w j´zyku angielskim mo˝emy u˝ywaç w funkcji czasownika lub rzeczownika:
– We want to increase sales by 10%. (Chcemy zwi´kszyç sprzeda˝ o 10%.); – A 10% increase means that... (Dziesi´cioprocentowy wzrost oznacza, ˝e...) – It’s difficult to forecast the sales level. (Trudno jest przewidzieç poziom sprzeda˝y.) – The sales forecast must be very optimistic. (Przewidywany [poziom] sprzeda˝y musi byç bardzo optymistyczny.) – We’ll plan the detail of the campaign. (Zaplanujemy szczegó∏y kampanii.) – We forgot to make a contingency plan. (ZapomnieliÊmy przygotowaç plan awaryjny.) – It’s too late to budget for any additional expenses. (Jest ju˝ za póêno, by uwzgl´dniç w bud˝ecie dodatkowe wydatki.) – The budget for advertising amounted to €10,000. (Bud˝et na reklam´ wyniós∏ 10 000 euro.) S∏owa increase, import, export akcentujemy na drugà sylab´, jeÊli u˝ywamy ich jako czasowniki (to increase, to import, to export), natomiast pokrewne rzeczowniki majà akcent na pierwszej sylabie (an increase, import, export).
åwiczenia1. Dopasuj pytania do poni˝szego dialogu. 1. ................................................................................
We want to increase our market share to 15%. 2. ................................................................................
We’re expecting that TV adverts will help us boost sales. www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
71
Planning: Sunny Vale Inc.
3. ................................................................................
It seems that consumers didn’t like the packaging. 4. ................................................................................
We’ll redesign the packaging, of course. 5. ................................................................................
It begins next week. a. What did the recent product survey say? b. What is the long–term objective of this campaign? c. And how are you going to use that information? d. When does the campaign start? e. How are we going to achieve that? 2. Wpisz w luki w zdaniach 1–5 odpowiednie s∏owa z ramki.
sales revenue to reach deadline objective behind schedule went over budget estimated 1. I thought we would fall ..................., but in the end, we met
the ....................... . 2. Proximo’s marketing department ............ by £10,000 last year. 3. It is ................. that up to PLN 500,000 might be needed to
cover the necessary expenses. 4. Their long–term ............... is to increase .................. by 10%. 5. The manager is expecting ................. the sales target by May. 3. W poni˝szych zdaniach wybierz poprawnà form´ czasownika. 1. From now on, our team (is working / will be working / works)
day and night to meet the deadline. 2. The conference (begins / will be beginning / is beginning) at 10
a.m. 3. Have we run out of paper? OK, I (‘ll go / am going to go / go )
and buy some right away. 4. I (meet / am meeting / will meet) Mr Anderson at 7 o’clock tonight. 5. When (are we going to buy / will we be buying / will we buy)
new computers? 72
UNIT
11
4. Dokoƒcz poni˝sze zdania tak, by nie zmieniaç poczàtkowego znaczenia. 1. The accountant made a mistake.
The accountant seems ........................................... a mistake. 2. The sales figures are exaggerated.
The sales figures appear ..................................................... . 3. We’ll have to make new plans.
....................................... that we’ll have to make new plans. 4. Our main competitor apparently went bankrupt.
Our main competitor appears ............................................. . 5. We may have a problem finishing this project on time.
............................... there might be a problem with deadline. 5. Uzupe∏nij luki w poni˝szych zdaniach rzeczownikiem lub czasownikiem w odpowiedniej formie. 1. We are predicting .......... of 15% by the end of the year. (increase) 2. Anatech .......... their products abroad since 1998. (export) 3. It is essential .......... the sales campaign in great detail. (plan) 4. The annual .......... for bonuses is smaller than last year. (budget) 5. The number of complaints seems .................. by 100% since
last month. (increase) Guidelines for bureaucrats
Planowanie to tylko po∏owa sukcesu – druga po∏owa to podejmowanie odpowiednich decyzji. Z tym mo˝e byç problem, zw∏aszcza gdy osobà odpowiedzialnà jest biurokrata. Oto co radzi szefom–biurokratom James H. Borden: When in charge, ponder. (Kiedy jesteÊ za coÊ odpowiedzialny, rozmyÊlaj nad tym). When in trouble, delegate. (Kiedy masz k∏opoty, wyznacz kogoÊ innego do wykonania pracy). When in doubt, mumble. (Kiedy masz wàtpliwoÊci, mamrotaj). Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1. 1 b 2 e 3 a 4 c 5 d 2. 1 behind schedule, deadline 2 went over budget 3 estimated 4 objective, sales revenue 5 to reach 3. 1 will be working 2 begins 3 ‘ll go 4 am meeting 5 are we going to buy 4. 1 to have made 2 (to be) exaggerated 3 It seems / It appears 4 to have gone bankrupt 5 It seems / It appears that 5. 1 an increase 2 has exported / has been exporting 3 to plan 4 budget 5 to have increased www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
73
12. Progress check Sprawdê si´! 1. U∏ó˝ zdania z rozsypanych wyrazów. 1. our / valued / quality / are / products / for / highly / their 2. do / complete / three / to / project / should / this / months 3. just / points / summarize / let’s / main / the 4. consumers / for / their / prohibitive / are / prices / most 5. responsible / employee / customers / be / for / will / the / welcoming 6. made / have / appears / mistake / she / to / a 7. ours / Bowler’s / as / as / twice / expensive / machines / are 8. made / he / time / it’s / a / high / finally / decision 2. Test. Wybierz w∏aÊciwà odpowiedê. 1.
2.
74
Our lamps are ................... the competition’s. a. more cost–effective than b. so cost–effective as c. as cost–effective like d. most cost–effective than ............ many companies, we organize regular trainings for our staff. a. Different b. Unlike c. In comparison d. Otherwise
3.
If you have any questions, feel ........... to interrupt me. a. easy b. comfortable c. free d. nothing
4.
It’s high time we ............... the quality of our products. a. improved b. improve c. improving d. were improved
5. Our ........ group is housewives
aged between 30–60. a. aim b. goal c. objective d. target 6.
................ a new company, they will have to spend a lot of money on promotion. a. As b. Like c. Unlike d. Likely
7.
Let’s ................ some alternative solutions. a. considering b. consider c. considered d. be considerable with
8.
To compete in this market we must introduce a product in the lower ................. . a. price scale b. price barrier c. price range d. price bracket
UNIT
9.
How about ........ a new advertising campaign for ’Mea’? a. launching b. launch c. to launch d. launched
12
12. We are not dismissing any
staff now, but we ........ have to in the future. a. can b. must c. should d. may
10. .......... me a favour and take
these documents to the CEO. a. Do b. Make c. Produce d. Give 11. This contract can be ........ by
13. We ............. the prototype
on Wednesday at 4 p.m. a. are presenting b. will present c. present d. will be presenting
either party giving to the other one month’s written notice. a. cut b. finished c. terminated d. dissolved
3. Krzy˝ówka: 1. Non–financial
2. 3.
4. 5.
1
6. You aim at it. 7. Marka. 8. Information
benefits from a job. Make something printed in a newspaper better. promoting Our objective a product. is to ... sales by 10%. 9. Someone who is paid too Towar. much is ...... . Niezawodne.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1. 1. Our products are highly valued for their quality. 2. Three months should do to complete this project. 3. Let’s just summarize the main points. 4. Their prices are prohibitive for most consumers. 5. The employee will be responsible for welcoming customers. 6. She appears to have made a mistake. 7. Bowler’s machines are twice as expensive as ours. 8. It’s high time he finally made a decision. 2. 1a 2b 3c 4a 5d 6a 7b 8c 9a 10a 11c 12d 13a 3. Krzy˝ówka has∏o: sick leave (perks, improve, increase, stock, reliable, target, brand, advert, overpaid) www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
75
13. An order: MCL OPERATOR: – MCL Supplies, good morning. How can I help you? MR ANDERS: – Hello, this is Peter Anders from Müller and Co.
11
OPERATOR: MR LINDEN: MR ANDERS:
MR LINDEN: MR ANDERS: MR LINDEN: MR ANDERS: MR LINDEN:
MR ANDERS: MR LINDEN:
MR ANDERS: MR LINDEN: MR ANDERS: MR LINDEN:
Could you put me through to Mr Linden in Sales? – I’m just connecting you now. – Good morning Mr Anders. How can I help? – Oh, good morning. I’d like to place an order. I need 3 conference tables and 150 folded plastic chairs. The reference numbers are OF3415 and OF1129. – Certainly. What colours would you like? – The tables in brown and the chairs in black, if possible. – Okay. Let’s see... three tables and one hundred and fifty chairs. That’s... uhhmmm... £1830 altogether. – Good. Could I have them delivered by Friday afternoon? – By Friday... Hmmm... I’ll check with the warehouse how many units we have in stock at the moment. Will you hold on for a minute? – Yes, of course. – Hello? Mr Anders, the warehouse manager said we have everything. I told him to despatch the goods right away. They should arrive on Thursday at the latest. – Oh, thank you. We really need them this weekend. – No problem. Is there anything else I can do for you? – No, thank you. That’d be all for now. – Okay. Thanks for calling. Goodbye!
S∏ownictwoconnecting you now – ju˝ ∏àcz´ to place an order – z∏o˝yç zamówienie folded – sk∏adane 76
reference number – numer katalogowy altogether – w sumie
UNIT
Could I have them delivered by Friday? – Czy mog´ je dostaç do piàtku? warehouse – magazyn unit – sztuka, jednostka in stock – na stanie, w magazynie Will you hold on? – Czy zaczeka pan?
13
to despatch the goods – wys∏aç towar at the latest – najpóêniej Is there anything else I can do for you? – Czy mog´ jeszcze coÊ dla pana zrobiç? That’d be all – To wszystko
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówairway bill (AWB) – lotniczy list przewozowy bill of lading (B/L) – list przewozowy morski, konosament item – pozycja (na fakturze, zamówieniu); to replace faulty ~s – wymieniç uszkodzone sztuki insurance – ubezpieczenie order – zamówienie; bulk ~ – zamówienie hurtowe; ~ form – formularz zamówienia; outstanding ~ – zamówienie oczekujàce na realizacj´, zaleg∏e; to cancel an ~ – anulowaç zamówienie; invoice – faktura; commercial ~ – faktura handlowa; customs ~ – faktura celna; pro–forma ~ – faktura proforma
SK¸ADANIE ZAMÓWIENIA:
Can I have your contact number, please? – Czy móg∏bym poprosiç o numer kontaktowy? Could I get the confirmation of this order by fax? – Czy móg∏bym otrzymaç potwierdzenie tego zamówienia faksem? Could you send us the catalogue, please? – Czy moglibyÊcie wys∏aç nam katalog? The delivery address is... – Adres dostawy to... What is the price of...? – Jaka jest cena...? When will the goods arrive? – Kiedy otrzymam towar? Will I get a discount if I order 500 units? – Czy dostan´ rabat, jeÊli zamówi´ 500 sztuk? www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
77
An order: MCL
Jak to dzia∏a?Czasowniki say oraz tell Czasownika say u˝ywamy w znaczeniu „powiedzieç, ˝e...”, natomiast tell – „powiedzieç komuÊ coÊ”.
The warehouse manager said we have everything. (Kierownik magazynu powiedzia∏, ˝e mamy wszystko.) I told him to despatch the goods right away. (Powiedzia∏em mu, aby wys∏a∏ towar od razu.)
Konstrukcja have sth done W j´zyku angielskim u˝ywamy konstrukcji have + rzeczownik + czasownik z –ed, aby zaznaczyç, ˝e jakaÊ czynnoÊç nie zostanie wykonana przez nas osobiÊcie:
Could I have the goods delivered by Friday? (Czy towar zostanie mi dostarczony do piàtku?) Porównaj:
We’ll collect the cargo tomorrow. (Odbierzemy ∏adunek jutro – osobiÊcie.) We’ll have the cargo collected tomorrow. (Odbierzemy ∏adunek jutro – nie osobiÊcie, wyÊlemy kogoÊ, by to zrobi∏ za nas.) We are checking our new trade partner. (Sprawdzamy naszego nowego kontrahenta – jest to dzia∏anie firmy.) We are having our new trade partner checked. (Sprawdzamy naszego nowego kontrahenta – wynaj´liÊmy do tego celu jakàÊ innà firm´.)
78
UNIT
13
åwiczenia1.
Dopasuj pytania a–e do zdaƒ 1–5, aby utworzyç sensowny dialog. 1. ............................................................................................
Yes, I’d like to place an order. 2. ............................................................................................
I’d need three air conditioning devices for office use. 3. ............................................................................................
It’s AC5000–B. 4. ............................................................................................
Next Friday would be best. I also need to have them installed. 5. ............................................................................................
Saturday’s fine. Thanks. a. Fine. When would you like to have them delivered? b. The technicians are free on Saturday. Is that ok with you? c. Can I help you? d. Certainly. What would you like? e. Do you know the reference number?
2. Say czy tell? Wstaw jeden z tych czasowników w odpowiedniej formie. 1. Did you .............. you wanted the goods on Tuesday or
Thursday? 2. Have you .............. the warehouse manager to stop the order
for Riverside Cottage Ltd.? They haven’t paid the previous invoice. 3. I .................... anyone about the details of this transaction. It will remain our secret, don’t worry. 4. The Tradex’s salesperson ................ that we can get up to 10% discount for bulk orders. 5. Are you .................. me that the spare parts won’t arrive by Monday? But my customer ................. that he needs the machine back urgently!
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
79
An order: MCL
3.
Przekszta∏ç poni˝sze zdania, by znaczy∏y one, ˝e ktoÊ inny wykonuje czynnoÊç. 1. I’ll sign the invoice tomorrow.
............................................................................................ 2. We installed a surveillance system last month.
............................................................................................ 3. We are fixing the problem with your order right now.
........................................................................................... 4. We will inspect the damage tomorrow.
............................................................................................ 5. We will translate the contract next week.
............................................................................................
4. Wstaw w luki s∏owa lub frazy z ramki poni˝ej.
arrive faulty
in stock discount
units replace
cancel
1. Hello? I’m phoning to ............... my order. I do not need the
spare parts I ordered last week anymore. 2. The cargo will ............. on Monday at the latest. 3. I’d like to negotiate a higher ................ . Could I ask for 15%
off 500 ............ ? 4. I’m sorry to say that five out of one hundred electric fuses did
not work. Could you ............... the ................ items by next week? 5. I’m afraid we currently don’t have any monochrome displays
.................... . 80
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
81
1. 1 c 2 d 3 e 4 a 5 b 2. 1 say 2 told 3 won’t tell 4 said 5 telling, says / said 3. 1 I’ll have the invoice signed tomorrow. 2 We had a surveillance system installed last month. 3 We are having the problem with your order fixed right now. 4 We will have the damage inspected tomorrow 5 We will have the contract translated next week. 4. 1 cancel 2 arrive 3 discount, units 4 replace, faulty 5 in stock Order confirmation „Twoja p∏yta zosta∏a delikatnie zdj´ta z naszej pó∏ki przy u˝yciu wysterylizowanych i wolnych od zanieczyszczeƒ r´kawiczek i u∏o˝ona na at∏asowej poduszeczce. Nasz japoƒski specjalista od pakowania paczek zapali∏ Êwieczk´, a nast´pnie nasi pracownicy pomaszerowali na poczt´, gdzie ca∏e miasto po˝egna∏o twojà paczuszk´ machajàc i krzyczàc „Bon voyage!” w ten poniedzia∏ek, 18 lipca.
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
Na doÊç oryginalny pomys∏ wpad∏a jedna z internetowych firm handlujàcych p∏ytami CD, chcàc pokazaç klientom, jak bardzo indywidualnie ich traktuje. Po z∏o˝eniu zamówienia otrzymujemy potwierdzenie e–mailem o treÊci: Your CD has been gently taken from our shelves with sterilized contamination–free gloves and placed onto a satin pillow. Our packing specialist from Japan lit a candle and then the whole party marched down the street to the post office where the entire town waved ‘Bon Voyage!’ to your package on this day, Monday, July 18th... (JeÊli nie rozumiesz, zobacz t∏umaczenie w kluczu). Order confirmation UNIT
13
14. A factory tour Mr Powell is a supplier for APN, a cosmetics company. He is visiting Mr Kenner, the company’s production director.
12
MR POWELL: MR KENNER: MR POWELL:
MR KENNER:
MR POWELL:
MR KENNER: MR POWELL: MR KENNER: MR POWELL: MR KENNER: MR POWELL:
MR KENNER:
82
Good afternoon, Mr Kenner. Nice to see you. Did you have problems finding us? Oh, no – your directions were absolutely clear. It’s a nice place here, by the way. Thank you. Shall we start the tour? The building is much bigger than it looks, and I wouldn’t like to keep you long. Please, follow me... This is the production line. As you can see, almost everything is done automatically. It does look impressive. I thought it takes many more people to run a factory, and you’ve got just a handful of workers here. Actually, Mr Kenner, most of them are highly qualified specialists who operate our computerized factory management system. Remarkable, indeed. And could you tell me more about the production process itself? Certainly. First, we put raw materials into the tank over there. Next, they are mixed, heated and... ... well the technology is quite sophisticated, I admit. It also gets us the best quality. Last year we implemented the ISO standards. And is there also an R&D department in this building? I’d like to see it, if I may? Yes, of course. There’s a lab on the top floor and that’s where R&D develop our new products. Right now, they’re working on a new line of colouring shampoos. Hmm... Interesting. Do you think you’d have something to cover my grey hair?
UNIT
14
S∏ownictwodirections – wskazówki I wouldn’t like to keep you long – Nie chcia∏bym pana d∏ugo zatrzymywaç follow me – prosz´ iÊç za mnà production line – linia produkcyjna impressive – imponujàce a handful of workers – (dos∏.) garstka robotników computerized – skomputeryzowany factory management system – system zarzàdzania fabrykà
remarkable – godne podziwu raw materials – surowce tank – zbiornik mixed – mieszane heated – podgrzewane sophisticated – wyrafinowana to implement standards – wprowadzaç standardy lab (laboratory) – laboratorium to develop – rozwijaç colouring shampoos – szampony koloryzujàce to cover – pokryç
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówCan you tell me about the department organization? – Czy mo˝e mi pan opowiedzieç o organizacji dzia∏u? Could you put on this badge, please? – Czy móg∏by pan przypiàç ten identyfikator? How many employees work here altogether? – Ilu w sumie pracowników jest tu zatrudnionych? I can show you the conference room, if you want. – Mog´ pokazaç panu sal´ konferencyjnà. Let’s go to the main entrance. – Chodêmy do g∏ównego wejÊcia. This is where we test new products. – Tutaj testujemy nowe produkty. There are fifteen cubicles in the open–plan office. – W otwartym pomieszczeniu biurowym jest pi´tnaÊcie boksów. On the right / left, there are management offices. – Na prawo / lewo sà biura dyrekcji. Would you like to talk to the marketing director? – Czy chcia∏by pan porozmawiaç z dyrektorem marketingu?
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
83
A factory tour
Jak to dzia∏a?There oraz it na poczàtku zdania THERE w konstrukcji there is, there are („jest, znajduje si´”):
There’s a lab on the top floor. (Na najwy˝szym pi´trze jest laboratorium.) we frazach: There’s no way managers can know everyone in the company. (Mened˝erowie nie sà w stanie znaç wszystkich w firmie.) There’s no point (in) complaining. (Nie ma sensu si´ skar˝yç.) There seems to be a problem. (Wydaje si´, ˝e mamy problem.) IT przy wyra˝eniach bezosobowych:
It takes fifteen people to run the factory. (Potrzeba pi´tnastu osób, by fabryka funkcjonowa∏a.) It’s easy to make a mistake. (¸atwo pope∏niç b∏àd.) It is said that money can buy anything. (Mówi si´, ˝e za pieniàdze mo˝na kupiç wszystko.) dla podkreÊlenia wa˝noÊci jakiejÊ informacji: It is Martin who controls the finance. (To Martin kontroluje finanse.) It is here that we meet every Monday. (To w∏aÊnie tutaj spotykamy si´ co poniedzia∏ek.)
Present Simple oraz Present Continuous Czasu Present Simple u˝ywamy do wyra˝enia czynnoÊci sta∏ej lub rutynowej:
The R&D develop our new products. (Dzia∏ R&D opracowuje nasze nowe produkty.) Peter deals with promotion. (Peter zajmuje si´ promocjà.) – jest to jego sta∏e zaj´cie w pracy They assess their staff every month. (Oceniajà swoich pracowników co miesiàc.)
84
UNIT
14
Przy pomocy Present Continuous wyra˝amy czynnoÊci dziejàce si´ w chwili obecnej lub sytuacje tymczasowe:
Right now, they’re working on a new line of shampoos. (W tej chwili pracujà nad nowà linià szamponów.) Jenny’s dealing with promotion. (Jenny zajmuje si´ promocjà.) – jest to jej tymczasowe zaj´cie, np. zast´puje chorego pracownika
much, more, much more, many more S∏ówka much mo˝emy u˝ywaç w znaczeniu „du˝o, bardziej” przed przymiotnikami w stopniu wy˝szym:
The building is much bigger than it looks. (Budynek jest du˝o wi´kszy ni˝ wyglàda.) Production in Europe is much more expensive than in China. (Produkcja w Europie jest du˝o dro˝sza ni˝ w Chinach.) Samo s∏ówko more oznacza „wi´cej” i mo˝e byç poprzedzone przez much lub many:
Could you tell me more about the production process? (Czy mo˝e mi pan powiedzieç wi´cej o procesie produkcyjnym?) It takes many more people to run a factory. (Potrzeba du˝o wi´cej ludzi do pracy w fabryce.) We have much more time. (Mamy du˝o wi´cej czasu.)
åwiczenia1. Uzupe∏nij luki w poni˝szym dialogu zwrotami a–g.
OK, this is the reception hall. 1 ...... . It’s for security reasons. Sure. 2 ............. 3 .......... to marketing and see their huge open–plan office. 4............ 18 people altogether. They’re very well managed. 5 ........... the department organization? It’s not very complex. There are three teams, each headed by a junior manager. – I see... Sorry, 6 .............. behind this door? – It’s the director’s office. 7 ............ him?
– – – – – – –
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
85
A factory tour
a. Would you like to talk to b. Can you tell me something about c. Where do we go first? d. How many employees work there?
e. Let’s go f. What’s g. Could you put on this
badge, please?
2. Uzupe∏nij luki. Wstaw podane czasowniki w odpowiednim czasie. 1. Normally I ................. behind the reception desk, but now I
................. Beata while she’s on holiday. (not/sit, replace) 2. Corrido Ltd ................... about 90 people. (employ) 3. The company.................... any profit today, but I’m sure the
situation will get better next year. (not/make) 4. Katie ...................... because she didn’t get the report.
(complain) 5. As a rule, our financial director ......................... say what he
..................... about his subordinates. (not/say, think) 3. There czy it? 1. ............. are twenty offices in this building. 2. ..............is difficult to lead a team. 3. ..............is Mark who is responsible for supplies. 4. ..............is no way you can avoid taxes. 5. ............. is said that business is built on relationships. 4. Wybierz poprawnà odpowiedê w ka˝dym z poni˝szych zdaƒ. 1. The project will take (much / much more /many more) years
than initially planned. 2. Our new computer system is (more / much / much more) easier
to use than the previous one. 3. I hate preparing presentations because it always takes (more
/ many more / much) time. 4. Anna’s idea for the new website is (much more / many more
/ much) interesting than Mike’s. 5. Could I have some (much / more / much more) time to
complete this report, please? 86
UNIT
14
5. Uzupe∏nij poni˝szà prezentacj´ s∏owami z ramki. Czasowniki wpisz w odpowiedniej formie.
check listen
there (x2) let’s start
it would you like more in the back part answer
Ok, 1. .................. the tour, shall we? Behind the glass wall you can see the call centre. 2. ................. are 100 people working in 25 cubicles. 3. ............. takes about two minutes on average to handle one phone call, and the consultants 4. ................. from 150 to 200 calls a day. At busy times, like the summer holiday season, this is not enough, and then we hire some 5. ............... staff, but only temporarily. The person 6. ............. of the room is the supervisor. He 7. ................ to something in the earphones at the moment – probably he 8. .............. the quality of service and monitoring random conversations. Of course, with 100 consultants 9. ............ is no way the supervisor can control everybody. Yes, that’s basically how the call centre works. Oh, 10. .............. to listen to a sample phone call, perhaps?
Call centres
Call centres i firmy telemarketingowe majà ciekawy, lecz irytujàcy dla klientów sposób pracy. Operatorzy pos∏ugujà si´ specjalnie u∏o˝onymi scripts („skryptami”), czyli szczegó∏owymi instrukcjami, co w którym momencie majà powiedzieç. W Internecie mo˝na znaleêç specjalne telemarketer counterscripts („skrypty antytelemarketingowe”), czyli narz´dzia s∏u˝àce do walki z konsultantami wydzwaniajàcymi o najmniej odpowiedniej porze. W ramach retaliation („odwetu”) mo˝emy zadawaç im mnóstwo dziwnych pytaƒ ze skryptu, np. o ulubionà gum´ do ˝ucia. A˝ stracà cierpliwoÊç :–) Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1. 1 g 2 c 3 e 4 d 5 b 6 f 7 a 2. 1. don’t sit, am replacing 2 employs 3 is not making 4 is complaining 5 doesn’t say, thinks 3. 1 There 2 It 3 It 4 There 5 It 4. 1 many more 2 much easier 3 much 4 much more 5 more 5. 1 let’s start 2 There 3 It 4 answer 5 more 6 in the back part 7 is listening 8 is checking 9 there 10 would you like www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
87
15. Small talk: Berlin? That’s interesting. Jan and Jeff are standing by the coffee machine, waiting for the next part of a training session they are both attending.
13
JAN: Phew, exhausting, isn’t it? JEFF: Yeah, the room’s very stuffy. But at least the training is
interesting. Oh, can I also have a coffee, please? JAN: Sure, help yourself. Yeah, the training is very useful. I’m
JEFF: JAN: JEFF: JAN: JEFF: JAN:
JEFF: JAN:
JEFF: JAN: JEFF:
JAN:
JEFF:
88
working in Berlin at the moment and I need to learn as much as possible about German company law. Berlin? That’s interesting. Have you been there long? Not very. I only arrived last month. I’m from Poland originally. I’m from the UK. By the way, my name’s Jeff. And I’m Jan. Nice to meet you, Jeff. You too, Jan. Nice English. So, how do you like Berlin? It’s a bit overwhelming. I mean, there is something about the city that makes me feel uneasy. And it’s big too. I still don’t really know how to get around. Hmm, I was asking because I’m also planning to work there. It’s an excellent place to do business all right. People are very well organized, you know, with their typical German attention to details. So I’ve heard... Do you get along well with the Germans? I think so. I have the same sense of humour as my German boss. We also like the same football teams. Well, you need to be careful about those. I know one deadly serious German manager who is a die–hard supporter of Bayern Munich. It’s better not to get in his way if you happen to follow Borussia or whatever else they have there. Huh... I think the break’s over. We’d better get back to the room. Look, would you like to meet up tonight? We could talk about Berlin over a glass of beer. What do you think? Great idea! Let’s find something cosy in the city...
UNIT
15
S∏ownictwoexhausting – wyczerpujàce stuffy (pot.) – duszny help yourself – prosz´ si´ pocz´stowaç company law – prawo spó∏ek Have you been there long? – Czy jest pan tam ju˝ od dawna? overwhelming – przyt∏aczajàcy makes me feel uneasy – sprawia, ˝e czuj´ si´ nieswojo how to get around – jak si´ poruszaç (po mieÊcie) all right – tutaj: bez wàtpienia attention to details – troska o szczegó∏y
So I’ve heard – Te˝ to s∏ysza∏em sense of humour – poczucie humoru deadly serious – Êmiertelnie powa˝ny die–hard supporter – fanatyczny zwolennik to get in sb’s way – wejÊç komuÊ w drog´ whatever else they have there – cokolwiek innego oni tam majà to meet up – (pot.) spotkaç si´ to talk over a glass of beer – pogadaç przy piwie cosy – kameralny, przytulny
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówAre you here on business? – Czy jest pan tutaj s∏u˝bowo? Did you know that...? – Czy wiedzia∏ pan, ˝e...? Do you have any plans for the evening? – Czy ma pan jakieÊ plany na wieczór? Excuse me, but I think somebody’s calling me on my mobile. – Przepraszam, ktoÊ chyba do mnie dzwoni na komórk´. Have a good trip home! – Szcz´Êliwej podró˝y! Have you heard that...? – Czy s∏ysza∏ pan, ˝e...? I can’t believe it! – Nie do wiary! It’s very kind of you, but I’m afraid... – To bardzo mi∏o z pana strony, ale obawiam si´, ˝e... Let’s / We’ll keep in touch. – Bàdêmy / B´dziemy w kontakcie. Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. – Przykro mi to s∏yszeç. Really? That’s interesting! – Doprawdy? To interesujàce! What do you think about ...? – Co sàdzi pan o...? Would you mind if I asked you a question? – Czy móg∏bym si´ o coÊ zapytaç? www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
89
Small talk: Berlin? That’s interesting.
Jak to dzia∏a?Rozmowa towarzyska PODRÓ˚E
What is your favourite holiday destination? (Gdzie najch´tniej jeêdzi pan na wakacje?) Do you prefer to travel alone or in a group? (Woli pan podró˝owaç sam czy w grupie?) I like places which are off the beaten track. (Lubi´ „nieturystyczne” miejsca.) JEDZENIE
What would you recommend? (Co by mi pan poleci∏?) I’d like to try something local. (Chcia∏bym spróbowaç czegoÊ regionalnego). Do you think I could get a recipe for this somewhere? (Czy myÊli pan, ˝e móg∏bym jakoÊ zdobyç na to przepis?) BIZNES
What company do you work for? (Dla jakiej firmy pan pracuje?) What line of business are you in? (Czym si´ pan zajmuje?) What’s it like doing business in Russia/with the Russians? (Jak to jest robiç interesy w Rosji / z Rosjanami?) SPORT
What are the main football clubs in...? (Jakie sà najwa˝niejsze kluby pi∏karskie w...?) I’m learning to play tennis/golf... (Ucz´ si´ graç w tenisa / golfa...) Have you tried scuba–diving? (Czy próbowa∏ pan nurkowania?) MUZYKA I FILM
What do you think about Spielberg’s latest movie? (Co pan sàdzi o ostatnim filmie Spielberga?) 90
UNIT
15
Have you seen ’The Hours’? (Czy widzia∏ pan „Godziny”?) What kind of music do you listen to? (Jakiej muzyki pan s∏ucha?) POGODA
It’s so hot, isn’t it? (Goràco, prawda?) Does it always rain like that here? (Czy tu zawsze tak pada?) What’s the weather like in New York? (Jakà pogod´ macie w Nowym Jorku?)
Czasowniki can, could Czasowników can i could u˝ywamy m.in. przy wyra˝aniu proÊby. Could jest bardziej uprzejmà formà can:
Can I also have a coffee? (Czy ja te˝ mog´ poprosiç o kaw´?) Could you help me with my PC? (Czy móg∏by mi pan pomóc z moim komputerem?) Can u˝ywamy tak˝e, by opisaç, co umiemy robiç lub co mo˝e si´ wydarzyç, zaÊ could by „pogdybaç” na jakiÊ temat:
I can type very fast. (Potrafi´ bardzo szybko pisaç na klawiaturze.) The flight can be delayed. (Lot mo˝e byç opóêniony.) We could talk about Berlin over a glass of beer. (MoglibyÊmy porozmawiaç o Berlinie przy piwie.) He could be Swiss. (Kto wie, byç mo˝e on jest Szwajcarem.)
Czasownik get Czasownik get jest jednym z najcz´Êciej wyst´pujàcych s∏ów w j´zyku angielskim, zarówno samodzielnie, a tak˝e jako czasownik z∏o˝ony:
Did you get my message? (Czy dosta∏eÊ mojà wiadomoÊç?) It’s better not to get in his way. (Lepiej nie wchodziç mu w drog´.)
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
91
Small talk: Berlin? That’s interesting.
I don’t get it. (Nie rozumiem.) Let’s get to the point! (Przejdêmy do rzeczy.) I still don’t know how to get around. (Ciàgle nie wiem, jak si´ poruszaç po mieÊcie.) Do you get along well with the Germans? (Czy ma pan dobry kontakt z Niemcami?) What time do we get in? (O której przyje˝d˝amy?) Let’s get on to the next item on the agenda. (Przejdêmy do kolejnego punktu programu.) It is a difficult message to get across to the management. (T´ wiadomoÊç trudno uzmys∏owiç kierownictwu.) I’ll get back to you asap. (Odpowiem panu najszybciej jak to mo˝liwe.)
åwiczenia1. U∏ó˝ zdania tak, by powsta∏y dwa sensowne dialogi. Dialog 1
...1... a. Hi, Monica. How are you doing? ........ b. Not at all. ........ c. If you’d be so kind. Why don’t you see to the catering while I’ll print the conference materials? ........ d. Really? Why so? ........ e. Don’t ask. All our reps are coming for a meeting this week and I have to organize everything. ........ f. OK. There’s an excellent catering company in the city centre. I think I’ll call them. ........ g. Oh, hi Josh. I’m exhausted. ........ h. Yeah, that is quite time–consuming . Look, maybe I could be of some help? ........ i. Thanks a lot, Josh.
92
UNIT
15
Dialog 2
...1... a. Sorry, do you mind if I smoke here? ........ b. Italy. You know, they introduced this ban recently. ........ c. At first, the smokers were protesting. Me too, but now I got used to it. ........ d. Oh sure, that too. I meant that where I live, it’s not permitted to smoke in restaurants. ........ e. While you can? You mean, you shouldn’t smoke? ........ f. Well, let’s enjoy our cigarettes, then. ........ g. Where are you from, if I may ask? ........ h. Go ahead, I’m a smoker myself. Actually, I’ll have another one with you while I still can. ........ i. And how are the people reacting?
2. Wybierz odpwiedni komentarz a–e do ka˝dej z wypowiedzi 1–5. 1. Here’s my business card. Call me whenever you need. 2. They’re going to paint the front of the building pink. How ugly! 3. Have you heard? They’re going to fire almost everybody in the
department! 4. Steve, I’ve just been promoted! 5. I’m lying sick in bed all day. It’s the flu, it’s terrible. a. Excellent! My congratulations! b. I’m very sorry to hear that. Get well soon! c. What?! I can’t believe it! d. Sure. We’ll keep in touch. e. I don’t mind really. It’ll look better than now, I think.
3. Dopasuj pytania 1–5 do odpowiedzi a–e. 1. What line of business are you in? 2. Are you doing anything in the evening? 3. What would you recommend? www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
93
Small talk: Berlin? That’s interesting.
4. What kind of music do you like? 5. How do you like living in the city centre? a. Actually, I’m free after six. b. For me it’s a bit too crowded. But some people like it. c. Try bigos! It’s a traditional Polish dish. d. I have a small HR consultancy. e. I really enjoy instrumental pieces. They’re very relaxing.
4. Uporzàdkuj wyrazy oraz dodaj can lub could tak, aby powsta∏y logiczne zdania. 1. ..........................................................................................?
(speak / to Mr Jones / I / please) 2. ...........................................................................................?
(have / we / by the window / two tables / please) 3. ...........................................................................................?
(help / with the report / me / you) 4. .......................................................................................... .
(we / the price / negotiate / later) 5. .......................................................................................... .
(art exhibition / if you want / to see the new / go / we)
5. Wpisz w luki poni˝ej wyra˝enia z ramki.
gets along get in her way gets in get on to don’t get it 1. Frankly speaking, I ................... . It’s a total mystery for me. 2. I don’t think the new manager .................. with the staff. 94
UNIT
15
3. OK. Let’s leave it like that and ................... the question of
security. 4. Emily is very angry today and I would rather not
....................... . 5. The train .................. at 5:30 p.m. That’s according to the
schedule, at least.
Making small talk
Umiej´tnoÊç prowadzenia rozmowy podczas obiadu, przerwy w konferencji lub podczas targów jest wa˝na z biznesowego punktu widzenia. Bardzo du˝o istotnych spraw omawia si´ podczas luênych spotkaƒ, a kilka zdaƒ, na tematy takie jak podró˝owanie czy kuchnia, pomaga prze∏amaç lody. Susan RoAne, amerykaƒska ekspertka od komunikacji, radzi, by stosowaç si´ do zasady: Be bright. Be brief. Be gone. („Bàdê bystry, mów zwi´êle i po˝egnaj si´.”) Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1. Dialog 1: 1a 2g 3d 4 e 5h 6 c 7f 8i 9b Dialog 2: 1a 2h 3e 4d 5g 6b 7i 8c 9 f 2. 1d 2e 3c 4a 5b 3. 1d 2a 3c 4e 5b 4. 1 Can/could I speak to Mr Jones, please? 2 Can / could we have two tables by the window, please? 3 Can / could you help me with this report? 4 We can negotiate the price later. 5. We can go to see the new art exhibition, if you want. 5. 1 don’t get it 2 gets along 3 get on to 4 get in her way 5 gets in www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
95
16. Bookings and arrangements: Lake Hotel RECEPTIONIST: MRS NOWAK: RECEPTIONIST: MRS NOWAK:
14
RECEPTIONIST: MRS NOWAK: RECEPTIONIST: MRS NOWAK: RECEPTIONIST: MRS NOWAK: RECEPTIONIST: MRS NOWAK: RECEPTIONIST: MRS NOWAK: RECEPTIONIST: MRS NOWAK: RECEPTIONIST: MRS NOWAK: RECEPTIONIST: MRS NOWAK: RECEPTIONIST: MRS NOWAK: RECEPTIONIST:
96
Lake Hotel, good morning. Can I help you? Yes, I’d like to make a reservation. Certainly. When are you planning to come? Oh, it’s not for me, it’s for my manager. He’s attending a conference on the 13th. Sorry, did you say ’13th’ or ’14th’? It’s the 13th, Monday. Monday the 13th... Yes, we still have some vacancies. Do you want a single room? A single room for two nights, please. How much is it? The rate’s £80 per night. Breakfast is included in the price and the room is with an en–suite bathroom. That’s just perfect. I’ll take it. Thank you. Could I just have the guest’s name, please? It’s Mr Stefan Koszycki. Excuse me, could you spell that name, please? S–T–E–F–A–N Stefan, and K–O–S–Z–Y–C–K–I, Koszycki. Let me read that back. Mr Stefan Koszycki, arriving on Monday the 13th, a double room for one night... A single room for two nights. Of course, I’m sorry. A single room for two nights. Yes, I’ve got it. Now, how would you like to pay? Is it possible to pay by credit card? That’s absolutely fine. What time is Mr Koszycki arriving? About 5 p.m. When is the check–out, by the way? We ask guests to leave the room by 10 a.m. OK. Is that everything? Yes, that’s all. Thank you.
UNIT
16
S∏ownictwoto attend a conference – braç udzia∏ w konferencji rate – stawka vacancies – wolne miejsca included in price – w cenie single room – pokój jednoosobowy room with an en–suite bathroom – pokój z ∏azienkà Could I have the guest’s name? – Poprosz´ o nazwisko goÊcia
to spell – przeliterowaç Let me read that back – Pozwoli pan, ˝e powtórz´ double room – pokój dla dwóch osób I got it – zapisa∏em When is the check–out? – Do kiedy nale˝y si´ wymeldowaç?
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówW HOTELU I W PODRÓ˚Y:
Could I have a wake–up call at 7 a.m., please? – Chcia∏bym zamówiç budzenie na godzin´ 7 rano. Could I have the bill / the receipt / an invoice? – Poprosz´ o rachunek / paragon / faktur´. Do you need help with your luggage? – Czy pomóc panu z baga˝em? I’d like to confirm my flight. – Chcia∏bym potwierdziç lot. The flight is on time / delayed / cancelled. – Lot jest zgodnie z rozk∏adem / opóêniony / odwo∏any. There’s a problem with the shower. – Mam problem z prysznicem. What is the best way to get to...? – Jak najlepiej dostaç si´ do...? Where can I exchange money? – Gdzie mog´ wymieniç pieniàdze? Which car rental company do you recommend? – Którà wypo˝yczalni´ samochodów pan poleca? check–in – zameldowanie (w hotelu); odprawa (na lotnisku) departure lounge – sala odlotów direct / connecting flight – lot bezpoÊredni / z przesiadkà maid – pokojówka porter – baga˝owy registration form – formularz meldunkowy
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
97
Bookings and arrangements: Lake Hotel
Jak to dzia∏a?Rozmowa przez telefon ROZPOCZYNAMY I KO¡CZYMY ROZMOW¢
– This is... from... (Mówi... z firmy...) – I’m phoning about / to... (Dzwoni´ w sprawie / aby...) – Thank you very much. I think that’s everything. (Dzi´kuj´ bardzo. To ju˝ chyba wszystko.) – Who’s calling, please? (Przepraszam, kto mówi?) PROSIMY O PO¸ÑCZENIE – I’d like to speak to... (Chcia∏bym rozmawiaç z...) – Could you put me through to...? (Prosz´ mnie po∏àczyç z...) – Can I have extension ..., please? (Poprosz´ numer wewn´trzny...) – Will you hold, please? (Prosz´ zaczekaç.) PROSIMY O POWTÓRZENIE – Could you repeat that? (Czy mo˝e pan powtórzyç?) – Can I read that back to you? (Czy mog´ to panu powtórzyç?) – Sorry, did you say...? (Przepraszam, czy powiedzia∏ pan:...?) UMAWIAMY SI¢ NA SPOTKANIE – I’d like to make an appointment with... (Chcia∏bym umówiç si´ na spotkanie z...) – I’m afraid I can’t make it on Monday / at 2 p.m. (Obawiam si´, ˝e nie dam rady w poniedzia∏ek / o czternastej.) – Thursday is fine for me. (Czwartek mi pasuje.) PROSIMY O KONTAKT – Could I leave a message? (Czy mog´ zostawiç wiadomoÊç?) – Could you ask him to call me back? (Czy mo˝e go pani poprosiç, ˝eby oddzwoni∏?) INNE ZWROTY – I think you have the wrong number. (To chyba pomy∏ka.) – The number you are dialling is incorrect. (Wybrany numer jest nieprawid∏owy.)
98
UNIT
16
Zadawanie pytaƒ Odpowiednikiem polskiego s∏owa czy w pytaniach jest zazwyczaj czasownik posi∏kowy: do, does, did, have, has. am, is, are lub czasownik modalny:
Do you want a single room? (Czy chce pani pokój jednoosobowy?) Did you say ’13th’? (Czy powiedzia∏a pani „trzynasty”?) Have you finished? (Czy ju˝ skoƒczy∏eÊ?) Is it possible to pay by credit card? (Czy mo˝na p∏aciç kartà?) Was Mr Jones present? (Czy pan Jones by∏ obecny?) Will you hold, please? (Czy mo˝e pan zaczekaç?) Can I help you? (Czy mo˝e pan zaczekaç?) Pytania szczegó∏owe tworzymy dodajàc odpowiedni wyraz lub zwrot na poczàtku zdania:
When is the check–out? (Kiedy nale˝y si´ wymeldowaç?) How would you like to pay? (Jak b´dzie pan p∏aciç?) What time is Mr Koszycki arriving? (O której godzinie przyje˝d˝a pan Koszycki?) Where? – gdzie? Why? – dlaczego?
Who? – kto? What? – co?
Which? – który? How much/many? – ile?
Bycie uprzejmym po angielsku Jak widzieliÊmy w poprzedniej lekcji, s∏owo could wyra˝a bardziej uprzejmà proÊb´ ni˝ can. Cz´sto stosujemy te˝ s∏owa please, excuse me oraz sorry:
Sorry, could you spell that, please? (Przepraszam, czy móg∏by pan to przeliterowaç?) Do dobrego tonu nale˝y „∏agodzenie” zdaƒ specjalnymi wyra˝eniami grzecznoÊciowymi:
I’m afraid the hotel’s full. (Obawiam si´, ˝e hotel jest pe∏ny.) Unfortunately he’s not in the office. (Niestety, nie ma go w biurze.)
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
99
Bookings and arrangements: Lake Hotel
I’m sorry to say I don’t see any solution. (Przykro mi to mówiç, ale nie widz´ ˝adnego rozwiàzania.) Do you mind if I smoke? (Czy pozwoli mi pan zapaliç?) I don’t quite see the point. (Niezupe∏nie rozumiem, o co chodzi.)
åwiczenia1. Uporzàdkuj wypowiedzi tak, by powsta∏y dwa sensowne dialogi. Dialog 1
...... a. Good morning. I’m afraid Mr White is not in the office at the moment. ...... b. This is Geoff Goldcrest from Lefrec & Partners. ...... c. I see. Could you ask him to call me back? ...... d. Sorry, who’s calling, please? ..1.. e. Good morning, I’d like to speak to Mr White. ...... f. Of course. I’ll tell him as soon as he returns. Dialog 2
....... g. Yes, I’d like to book a single room. ....... h. H–U–X–L–E–Y. Can you read that back, please? ....... i. Certainly. When are you planning to arrive? ...1.. j. Star Hotel Warsaw, can I help you? ....... k. My name’s Martin Huxley. ....... l. You’re welcome. Goodbye! ....... m. Sorry, how do you spell that? ....... n. I’ll be in Warsaw on 28th. ....... o. That’s Friday... OK. Can I have your name, please? ....... p. Mr Martin Huxley, arriving Friday 28th, single room for one night. ....... q. That’s right. Thanks a lot.
100
UNIT
16
2. Uzupe∏nij zdania wyra˝eniami z ramki. Nast´pnie u∏ó˝ je w kolejnoÊci tak, by powsta∏ sensowny dialog.
I’m phoning Can I have Did you say Can I help you? It’s the 13th. Could you give My confirmation number Thank you for calling 1. It’s BT 3134 from London to Istanbul, departing on the 13th
May. Yes, a. .......................... to change my reservation. MCB Airlines, b. ......................... ? No, c. ....................... . Could you change it to the 20th? Sorry, d. ......................... 14th? No problem, there are still free seats on the 20th. e. ....................... me your name and booking number? 7. Of course. f. ...................... your flight number, please? 8. Peter Johnson, and g. ........................ is AE–19231. 9. OK, Mr Johnson. Your reservation has been changed.. h. ............................... . 10. Thank you, goodbye! 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
KolejnoÊç: 4. .....
..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .....
3. Po∏àcz wyra˝enia 1–5 i a–e tak, by powsta∏y sensowne zdania. 1. No, I think you have 2. I’d like to make 3. Could you ask 4. I’d like 5. I’m sorry, I can’t make a. a wake–up call at 7 o’clock, please. b. the wrong number. c. it on Monday. d. an appointment with Dr Herbst. e. him to call me back?
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
101
Bookings and arrangements: Lake Hotel
4. U∏ó˝ zdania pytajàce. Zapytaj o podkreÊlone s∏owo lub fraz´. Nie zmieniaj czasu gramatycznego. 1. I stayed in the Ritz hotel last year.
......................................................................................... ? 2. I want some coffee or tea.
......................................................................................... ? 3. We’ve sold five thousand computers so far.
......................................................................................... ? 4. I’m going to pay by credit card.
......................................................................................... ? 5. We’ll sign the documents next week.
......................................................................................... ? 6. He should dress smartly for the meeting.
......................................................................................... ? 5. Przepisz poni˝sze zdania tak, by brzmia∏y bardziej uprzejmie. Wykorzystaj po jednym wyra˝eniu z ramki.
quite Would you mind if unfortunately Sorry, could you I’m sorry to seay 1. We don’t deliver to anywhere outside Poland.
.......................................................................................... . 2. I don’t understand this suggestion.
.......................................................................................... . 3. I want to open the window.
.......................................................................................... .
102
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
103
1. Dialog 1: 1e 2a 3c 4d 5b 6f Dialog 2: 1j 2g 3i 4n 5o 6k 7m 8h 9p 10q 11l 2. a I’m phoning b Can I help you? c It’s the 13th d did you say e Could you give f Can I have g my confirmation number h Thank you for calling KolejnoÊç: 4 2 1 6 5 7 3 8 9 10 3. 1b 2d 3e 4a 5c 4. 1 Where did you stay last year? 2 What do you want? 3 How many computers have you sold? 4 How are you going to pay? 5 When will you sign the documents? 6 Should he dress smartly? 5. (propozycje): 1. I’m afraid / Unfortunately we don’t deliver... 2 I’m afraid I don’t (quite) understand... 3 Would you mind if I open the window? 4 I’m sorry to say / Unfortunately / I’m afraid that we have to... 5. Sorry, could you repeat
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
W j´zyku angielskim daty zapisuje si´ 14th January (lub 14 January), lecz czyta the fourteenth of January w Wielkiej Brytanii, lub January fourteenth w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Istniejà te˝ ró˝ne konwencje zapisywania daty. Zapis 09/07/06 oznacza the ninth of July two thousand and six w Wielkiej Brytanii, natomiast w Stanach Zjednoczonych – September seventh two thousand and six. Dates
.......................................................................................... . 5. What did you say?
.......................................................................................... . 4. We have to terminate our contract with you. UNIT
16
17. Negotiations: If I buy... CoolTech is a Polish retailer of air conditioning and cooling devices. Jakub Nowak, the company’s purchasing officer, is negotiating a large order with Kathleen Smith from Alpha, their Canadian supplier.
15
JAKUB: KATHLEEN: JAKUB: KATHLEEN:
JAKUB: KATHLEEN: JAKUB:
KATHLEEN:
JAKUB: KATHLEEN:
JAKUB: KATHLEEN:
104
We’d like to buy TL–15X air conditioners. Could I just check what the current price is? Sure. The net price is $540 per unit. We’ll give you a 10% discount if you buy more than 50 units. Would you consider a further 5% off for an order of 120? Hmm... that could be difficult for us. But we can offer you our regular 10% discount for the first 100 units, then 15% on each unit over that amount. Sounds acceptable. We’ll take 120 then. They’re for a new office building in Warsaw. A new contract? Congratulations! Now, you’re going to pay by bank transfer as usual, I understand? Yes, but since CoolTech has been trading with you for some time already, I was wondering if I could ask you to extend the payment date to 60 days? Uhh... I’m afraid I cannot give you a definite answer now. Could we put it off until I’m able to consult my boss? Of course. One more question – when can we have the devices delivered? It’ll take about 30 days by sea to Poland. Unless it’s urgent, then we’ll send the consignment by air. It’s far more expensive, though. No, 30 days is just fine. Could you just send us the pro–forma invoice with prices CIF Gdaƒsk? OK. I’ll do it tomorrow. And I’ll get back to you as soon as I know about payment terms...
UNIT
17
S∏ownictwoair conditioning – klimatyzacja purchasing officer – zaopatrzeniowiec supplier – dostawca net price – cena netto discount – rabat, zni˝ka further 5% off – dodatkowy 5–procentowy rabat bank transfer – przelew bankowy to trade with sb – handlowaç z kimÊ to extend the payment date – przed∏u˝yç termin p∏atnoÊci
definite answer – ostateczna odpowiedê to put sth off – od∏o˝yç coÊ na póêniej to deliver – dostarczyç urgent – pilne consignment – przesy∏ka prices CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) Gdaƒsk – ceny z ubezpieczeniem i transportem do Gdaƒska
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówPAYMENT AND PRICE (P∏atnoÊci i cena):
cash on delivery – zap∏ata gotówkà przy odbiorze cheque – czek customs clearance – odprawa celna deal (pot.) – umowa; It’s a ~! – Stoi!; It’s a very good ~ – To bardzo dobry interes estimate – szacunkowa wartoÊç; to work out an ~ – obliczyç szacunkowà wartoÊç; under~d – niedoszacowany L/C (Letter of Credit) – akredytywa proposal – propozycja, oferta; to put forward a ~ – przedstawiç propozycj´; to accept a ~ – zaakceptowaç propozycj´; to reject a ~ – odrzuciç propozycj´ quote – wycena payment terms – warunki p∏atnoÊci; favourable ~ – korzystne warunki p∏atnoÊci warranty – gwarancja
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
105
N e g o t i a t i o n s : I f I b u y. . .
Jak to dzia∏a?Negocjacje PRZEDSTAWIANIE ZAMIARÓW
– We’d like to buy TL–15X air conditioners. (ChcielibyÊmy kupiç klimatyzatory TL–15X.) – We are interested in getting the delivery as soon as possible. (JesteÊmy zainteresowani jak najszybszà dostawà.) SK¸ADANIE PROPOZYCJI I PERTRAKTOWANIE
– We’ll give you a 10% discount if you buy more than 50 units. (Zaoferujemy 10% rabatu za zakupy powy˝ej 50 sztuk.) – We could consider further discounts on the condition that you place regular orders. (MoglibyÊmy rozwa˝yç dalsze rabaty, pod warunkiem sk∏adania regularnych zamówieƒ.) – How about paying us half on delivery and half in 30 days? (Proponujemy zap∏at´ po∏owy kwoty przy dostawie, a po∏owy w ciàgu 30 dni.) – I was wondering if I could ask you to extend the payment date. (Zastanawia∏em si´, czy mo˝liwy jest d∏u˝szy termin p∏atnoÊci.) PRZYJMOWANIE I ODRZUCANIE PROPOZYCJI
– Sounds acceptable. (Tak, to do zaakceptowania.) – I think we can agree to that. (MyÊl´, ˝e mo˝emy si´ na to zgodziç.) – 30 days is just fine. (30 dni jest jak najbardziej w porzàdku.) – That could be difficult for us. (To mo˝e byç dla nas trudne.) – Unfortunately, our policy is quite strict here. (Niestety, nasze zasady sà tutaj doÊç rygorystyczne.) ODK¸ADANIE TRUDNEJ KWESTII NA PÓèNIEJ
– I’m afraid I can’t give you a definite answer now. (Obawiam si´, ˝e nie mog´ daç w tej chwili jednoznaczej odpowiedzi.) – I’d like some time to consult it with my boss. (Potrzebuj´ troch´ czasu, by omówiç to z szefem.) 106
UNIT
17
PODSUMOWANIE NEGOCJACJI
– Let’s summarize the main points. (Podsumujmy g∏ówne ustalenia.) – That covers everything, I suppose. (Ju˝ chyba wszystko omówione.) – It’s a deal! (Umowa stoi!)
Pierwszy tryb warunkowy W negocjacjach u˝ywamy zdaƒ warunkowych z czasem Simple Present (do wyra˝enia warunku) oraz konstrukcjà will + bezokolicznik (do wyra˝enia rezultatu):
– If you pay in advance, we will give you a discount. (JeÊli zap∏acicie z góry, udzielimy wam rabatu.) – We’ll give you a 10% discount if you buy more than 50 units. (Udzielimy wam 10% rabatu, jeÊli kupicie powy˝ej 50 sztuk.) Warunek mo˝e byç wyra˝ony równie˝ zwrotami takimi jak as long as, provided that, on the condition that, unless, po których tak˝e wyst´puje czas Simple Present:
– We’ll pay for the delivery as long as / provided that / on the condition that you agree to pay for the insurance. (Zap∏acimy za dostaw´ pod warunkiem, ˝e zgodzicie si´ zap∏aciç za ubezpieczenie.) – We will cancel our order unless the goods arrive within 10 days. (Odwo∏amy nasze zamówienie, jeÊli nie otrzymamy towaru w ciàgu 10 dni.) Czas Simple Present stosujemy równie˝ po after („po”), as soon as („jak tylko”), before („przed”), until („dopóki”), when („kiedy”) odnoszàcych si´ do przysz∏oÊci;
Could we put it off until I’m able to consult my superiors? (Czy mo˝emy to od∏o˝yç, dopóki nie omówi´ tego z szefami?) I’ll get back to you as soon as I know about payment terms. (Odezw´ si´, jak tylko dowiem si´ o warunki p∏atnoÊci.) www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
107
N e g o t i a t i o n s : I f I b u y. . .
Czasownik put Czasownik put ma wiele znaczeƒ w zale˝noÊci od tego, z jakim przyimkiem lub frazà si´ ∏àczy:
Let’s put it off. (Od∏ó˝my to na póêniej.) I’d like to put forward a suggestion. (Chcia∏bym przedstawiç propozycj´.) We put it down to their inexperience. (Przypisujemy to ich brakowi doÊwiadczenia.) Could you put me through to the accounts? (Czy mo˝e mnie pani po∏àczyç z ksi´gowoÊcià?) You should put on your best clothes when negotiating an important contract. (PowinieneÊ za∏o˝yç najlepsze ubranie, kiedy negocjujesz wa˝nà umow´.) I can’t put up with his aggressive negotiation style. (Nie znosz´ jego agresywnego stylu negocjacji.)
åwiczenia1. Uzupe∏nij luki wyrazami z ramki.
customs clearance discount consignment definite answer bank transfer estimate
accept
1. Please send us your payment via ..................... within 30
days. 2. The ..................... will be despatched next week. 3. If you are ready to .................... our proposal, we can sign the
contract right away. 4. What is the ..................... price of 100 PZ–11 lamps? 5. Our usual .................. for cash payment is 3%. 6. We would be grateful for a ..................... by next Friday. 7. Long ....................... procedures may be a problem if the
order is urgent. 108
UNIT
17
2. U∏ó˝ zdania w odpowiedniej kolejnoÊci tak, by powsta∏y dwa sensowne dialogi. Dialog 1
..... a. Hmm... A further 3% off might difficult for us. ..... b. I think we can agree to that if you provide us with references. ..... c. I see. Could we get 15% if we place regular orders? ..1.. d. What discount can you offer us on 500 units? ..... e. Of course. We’ll be happy to send them next week. ..... f. The usual discount is 12%. ..... g. Will you consider it anyway if we offer to pay cash? ..... h. It’s a deal then! Dialog 2
..... ..... ..1.. ..... ..... .....
a. One month is quite long, so I’ll have to consult my boss. b. And why are you asking for that, if I may know? c. Could we ask you to extend our payment date? d. So when do you think will you be able to pay us? e. We are still waiting for money from our client. f. Can we ask for 30 days? That would be the safest option.
3. Dopasuj fragmenty 1–6 do a–f tak, by powsta∏y logiczne zdania. 1. We will have to cancel our order 2. How about a further 5% off 3. I was wondering if I could ask you 4. We will sign a three–year contract 5. The consignment will not be despatched 6. A sales representative will call you a. to give us more favourable payment terms. b. as soon as we receive your order form. c. unless you replace the wrong goods at once. d. provided that you promise to meet tight deadlines. e. if we pay within 7 days? f. until we receive the payment in our bank account. www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
109
N e g o t i a t i o n s : I f I b u y. . .
4. Wstaw czasowniki w odpowiedniej formie. 1. You ............. (get) more enquiries from customers abroad if you
.............. (advertise) on the Internet. 2. No company ................ (give) a trade credit to their buyers as
long as they ................ (be) sure that the buyer can pay. 3. We ............... (send) your order on approval provided that you
.............. (return) any unsold items after 45 days. 4. We ................ (share) the technical details on the condition
that you ................ (treat) them with strict confidentiality. 5. Geo Inc. and Habibi Ltd. ............... (not / co–operate) anymore
unless they .................. (negotiate) a new contract. 6. Our employees .............. (not / despatch) the consignment until
we ................... (receive) your payment. 7. We ................ (give) you a reply when you ................ (send)
us the estimate price. 5. Uzupe∏nij luki odpowiednim wyrazem z ramki.
forward up
on through to down off with
1. He’s so irritating! I cannot put ......... ......... him anymore! 2. What do you think I should put ............... for the charity ball
this evening? 3. The suggestion that she put .................. was irrelevant. 4. I think this needs to be put .................. until next week. 5. His aggressive behaviour can be put ........... .......... stress. 6. Will you put me ........... to Mr Greenfield, please?
110
UNIT
17
Negotiation styles
Style negocjacji ró˝nià si´ tak jak zwyczaje handlowe w danym kraju czy kulturze. Podczas gdy np. w wielu miejscach na Êwiecie hard bargaining (ostre targowanie si´) jest przyj´tym zwyczajem, Europejczycy odbierajà ceny wyjÊciowe 500% wy˝sze od ostatecznie wynegocjowanych jako prób´ rip–off (zdzierstwa). Wynika to z innego poj´cia ceny – w Europie i USA wyra˝a ona wartoÊç towaru lub us∏ugi, podczas gdy w wielu innych miejscach Êwiata jest ona tylko subiektywnà miarà tego, za ile kupujàcy jest sk∏onny nabyç dany towar. Wniosek: w negocjacjach liczy si´ tylko wynik win–win (obie strony wygrywajà). Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1. 1 bank transfer 2 consignment 3 accept 4 estimate 5 discount 6 definite answer 7 customs clearance 2. Dialog 1 – 1d 2f 3c 4a 5g 6b 7e 8h Dialog 2 – 1c 2b 3e 4d 5f 6a 3. 1c 2e 3a 4d 5f 6b 4. 1. will get, advertise 2 will give, are 3 will send, return 4 will share, treat 5 will not co–operate, negotiate 6 will not despatch, receive 7 will give, send 5. 1 up with 2 on 3 forward 4 off 5 down to 6 through www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
111
18. Progress check Sprawdê si´! 1. U∏ó˝ zdania z rozsypanych wyrazów. 1. new/Tuesday/we/installed/the/computer/by/must/system/have 2. thought/the/will/we/much/than/project/money/cost/more 3. the accounts/you/please/these/take/could/to/you/documents 4. would/Monday/room/I/next/single/book/like/to/a/for/ 5. discount/order?/will/place/a 20%/you/me/I/give/if/a bigger 2. Test. Wybierz w∏aÊciwà odpowiedê. 1.
Unfortunately, we don’t have the goods you requested ................. . a. bulk b. in stock c. warehouse d. order
5.
At the moment, we .................... hard on fixing the problem. a. work b. works c. are working d. have worked
2.
I ............ her to call me in the afternoon. a. told b. repeated c. said d. spoke
6.
This project has already taken .............. money than originally planned. a. much more b. many c. much d. many more
3.
We ............... by an external company. a. are testing our security system b. are having our security system tested c. have tested our security system d. have been testing our security system
7.
I still don’t know how to get ........ Warsaw – I use the map all the time. a. in b. up c. on to d. around
8.
He’s furious, so you’d better not get ............... his way. a. on b. in c. at d. to
9.
........ you bring us four coffees, Evelyn? Thanks a lot. a. Could b. May c. Should d. Must
4.
112
............. very difficult to negotiate with the Japanese. a. It is b. We are c. There is d. There seems
UNIT
10. .................... you seen Peter
anywhere? a. Do b. Are c. Was d. Have 11. Could you ............... to me,
please? a. repeat c. tell
b. read that back d. say
18
13. His proposal was ................
because it was too expensive. a. accepted b. put forward c. made d. rejected 14. Could you put me ........ to
your Mr Clark, please? a. through b. off c. down to d. on
12. ................... did you quit
15. If you ....... us a 15% discount,
your previous job? a. What b. Where c. Why d. How much
we’ll place a bigger order. a. will give b. will be giving c. gave d. give
3. Krzy˝ówka 1. Rzeczownik utworzony
od insure. 2. Z∏o˝yç (zamówienie). 3. A room for one person is a ........ room. 4. Let’s get to the ......... ! 5. Reduction in price. 6. Szczegó∏y. 7. Prawo. 8. The .......... you gave me were wrong. I couldn’t find the place. 9. Rozwijaç (np. nowà ga∏àê przemys∏u).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
1. 1. We must have the new computer system installed by Tuesday. 2. The project will cost much more money than we thought. 3. Could you take these documents to the accounts, please? 4. I would like to book a single room for next Monday. 5. Will you give me a 20% discount if I place a bigger order? 2. 1b 2a 3b 4a 5c 6a 7d 8b 9a 10d 11b 12c 13d 14a 15d 3. Krzy˝ówka has∏o: negotiate (insurance, place, single, point, discount, details, law, directions, develop) www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
113
19. Primrose Language School Report From: Sales Director To: Director of Studies Re: Profitability report The purpose of this report is to evaluate the profitability of intensive one–to–one and group courses in Business English conducted by Primrose Language School. The report examines two factors influencing profitability: student absenteeism and motivation.
16
It has been found that absenteeism is much higher amongst one–to–one students than in groups. Classes are frequently cancelled at very short notice due to urgent business appointments. The School accepts three cancellations per month, for which one–to–one students or their sponsors do not have to pay. In nearly all cases, the limit is used up. This reduces the School’s income and frustrates the teachers, who not only lose their wage, but also cannot plan their time effectively. On the other hand, attendance at group courses is far better, partly for the reason that students pay for the lessons in advance. Secondly, individual students have different motivations and priorities than those attending regular classes. A significant number of teachers complain that they are being ignored. On some occasions, a tennis game or an evening in the cinema were considered more important by students than the English class. In comparison, the clients who chose to attend their classes with a group usually prefer not to miss their lessons, as no–shows result in falling behind with the syllabus. To sum up, one–to–one courses use more School resources than group lessons and the unproportionally high costs of the former have no match in the actual revenue. Therefore, it is recommended that private lessons should be discontinued and more group courses started. 114
UNIT
19
S∏ownictwopurpose – cel to evaluate – oceniç to examine – zbadaç factor – czynnik absenteeism – nieobecnoÊci to cancel – odwo∏aç (zaj´cia) at very short notice – w ostatniej chwili urgent business appointments – pilne spotkania biznesowe cancellation – odwo∏anie used up – zu˝yty to frustrate – frustrowaç, rozczarowaç priorities – priorytety to complain – skar˝yç si´
they are being ignored – sà ignorowani ...were considered more important – (uczniowie) uwa˝ali ... za wa˝niejsze to attend – ucz´szczaç (na zaj´cia) to miss lessons – opuszczaç lekcje no–show – (dos∏.) niezjawienie si´ to fall behind – mieç zaleg∏oÊci syllabus – program kursu resources – zasoby have no match in... – nie majà pokrycia w... actual revenue – rzeczywisty dochód to discontinue – zaniechaç
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówPROFITABILITY (DochodowoÊç):
cash cow – (dos∏.) „dojna krowa”, ˝y∏a z∏ota cost control – kontrola kosztów growth – wzrost; sales ~ – wzrost sprzeda˝y; company ~ – rozwój firmy investment – inwestycja margin – mar˝a to maximize profits – maksymalizowaç zyski to optimize costs – optymalizowaç koszty Return On Investment (ROI) – zwrot / zysk z inwestycji Return On Equity (ROE) – zysk z kapita∏u w∏asnego rising star – „wschodzàca gwiazda” to suffer a loss – ponieÊç strat´
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
115
Primrose Language School Repor t
Jak to dzia∏a?RAPORT NAG¸ÓWKI ROZPOCZ¢CIE
The purpose of this report is to... (Celem tego raportu jest...) The report examines ... (Raport przedstawia...) PRZEDSTAWIENIE FAKTÓW
It has been found that... (Stwierdzono, ˝e...) Firstly, ... . Secondly, ... . Finally, ... . (Po pierwsze, ... . Po drugie, ... . Na koniec, ... .) Moreover, ... / Furthermore, ... / What is more, ... (Co wi´cej, ...) In general, ... / Generally, ... (Ogólnie rzecz bioràc, ...) PRZECIWSTAWIANIE ARGUMENTÓW
On the other hand, ... (Z drugiej strony, ...) However, ... / Nevertheless... (Jednak˝e, ...) In comparison, ... (W porównaniu do tego, ...) UZASADNIENIE
For this reason, ... (Z tego powodu...) Since... / As... / Due to the fact that, ... (Poniewa˝...) Consequently, ... (W konsekwencji, ...) Otherwise, ... (W przeciwnym wypadku, ...) PODSUMOWANIE I WNIOSKI
To sum up, .../In conclusion, .../To conclude, ... (Podsumowujàc, ...) It is recommended / suggested that... (Zaleca si´, aby...) Our recommendation is that... (Zalecamy, aby ...) 116
UNIT
19
Strona bierna: to be + Past Participle Strony biernej u˝ywamy w celu nadania wypowiedzi oficjalnego lub bezosobowego stylu:
It has been found that absenteeism... (Stwierdzono, ˝e nieobecnoÊci...) Classes are frequently cancelled. (Zaj´cia sà cz´sto odwo∏ywane.) Teachers complain that they are being ignored. (Nauczyciele skar˝à si´, ˝e sà ignorowani.) An evening in the cinema was considered more important. (Wieczór w kinie zosta∏ uznany za wa˝niejszy.) The matter will be investigated promptly. (Sprawa zostanie wkrótce zbadana.)
J´zyk formalny W raportach bardzo cz´sto stosujemy styl oficjalny: stron´ biernà imies∏owy:
– the profitability of Business English courses conducted by PLS (dochodowoÊç kursów biznesowych prowadzonych przez PLS); – two factors influencing profitability (dwa czynniki wp∏ywajàce na dochodowoÊç) zwroty i wyra˝enia:
In this report we look at... (styl neutralny) This report examines... (styl formalny) Students cancel their classes because of appointments. (styl neutralny)
Classes are cancelled due to urgent appointments. (styl formalny) ... partly because students pay... (styl neutralny) ... partly for the reason that students pay... (styl formalny) www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
117
Primrose Language School Repor t
They’re saving money because they want to invest. (styl neutralny) They are saving money in order to make an investment. (styl formalny) Some teachers complain... (styl neutralny) A number of teachers complain... (styl formalny) Sometimes, a tennis game... (styl neutralny) On some occasions, a tennis game... (styl formalny) The first ... the other... (styl neutralny) The former ... the latter (styl formalny) We suggest that the company should introduce... (styl neutralny) It is suggested that... be introduced. (styl formalny) nie stosujemy form skróconych:
Sponsors don’t do not have to pay. (Sponsorzy nie muszà p∏aciç.)
åwiczenia1. Uzupe∏nij zdania 1–5 odpowiednimi wyra˝eniami z ramki.
cash cows suffered a loss investment maximize sales optimize costs 1. Last year, we ................ of $500,000 due to unstable
economic situation in the country. 2. The new ...................... in Poland is expected to become
profitable in three years. 3. In order to ........................, we made new contracts with
cheaper suppliers. 4. Everybody wants to sell only products that are ......................, 118
UNIT
19
because they generate the highest revenue. 5. We intend to ......................... by expanding our distribution
network.
2. Uzupe∏nij fragmenty raportu odpowiednimi zwrotami.
From: Marx Consultants Ltd. To: Lucas Phillipson, PhilPack Co. Re: 1. .... 2. ..... present three options that PhilPack might consider to reduce their debt. 3. ....... the situation has become dangerous and there is a risk of bankruptcy, 4. ........ action be taken immediately. 5. ....., the company could take new loans to repay its current debts. This solution, 6. ......, is only a short–term measure and, in the end, will increase the overall amount to pay.
PhilPack owns three factories in Poland, two of which generate losses, and one which is profitable. 7. ......, it seems logical that the company should sell the two unprofitable factories 8. ......... start recovering. 9. ......., the only realistic solution to PhilPack debt problem is to sell some of their assets. 10. ....... that this should be done
without delay. a. b. c. d. e.
it is important that however The purpose of this report is to in order to In conclusion
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
119
Primrose Language School Repor t
f. PhilPack’s debt – 3 solutions. g. Due to the fact that h. It is suggested i. Firstly j. For this reason
3. Przepisz zdania w stronie biernej. 1. Our marketing department is preparing a new sales campaign.
..................................................................................... . 2. They update our computer software every year.
.......................................................................................... . 3. They have just informed her about the delay.
.......................................................................................... . 4. They carried out the first prototype test yesterday.
.......................................................................................... . 5. They will complete the project in June.
.......................................................................................... .
4. Przepisz poni˝sze zdania, zast´pujàc zaznaczone frazy bardziej formalnymi odpowiednikami. 1. Sometimes, PCR and Sons refused to cooperate because they
did not trust a potential partner. 2. There are many companies that provide consultancy services
in the area of taxes. (u˝yj imies∏owu) 3. The revenue that we expect at the end of the year will
amount to 1 million PLN. (u˝yj imies∏owu)
120
UNIT
19
4. Some managers do not believe in employee motivation
programmes. 5. The flight was cancelled because of bad weather.
In Germany, it is regulated that...
Angielskie t∏umaczenia „oficjalnych” instrukcji i og∏oszeƒ, które by∏y pierwotnie pisane w innych j´zykach, sà czasem komiczne. Oto napis w niemieckim Schwarzwaldzie: It is strictly forbidden on our Black Forest camping site that people of different sex, for instance, men and women, live together in one tent unless they are married with each other for this purpose. („Surowo zabrania si´ na naszym kempingu w Czarnym Lesie, aby osoby o ró˝nej p∏ci, na przyk∏ad m´˝czyêni i kobiety, wspólnie mieszka∏y w jednym namiocie, chyba ˝e sà w tym celu ze sobà w zwiàzku ma∏˝eƒskim.”) Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1. 1 suffered a loss 2 investment 3 optimize costs 4 cash cows 5 maximize sales 2. 1 f 2 c 3 g 4 a 5 i 6 b 7 j 8 d 9 e 10 h 3. 1 A new sales campaign is being prepared by our marketing department. 2 Our computer software is updated every year. 3 She has just been informed about the delay 4 The first prototype test was carried out yesterday 5 The project will be completed in June 4. 1 On some occasions; due to the fact that /since/as 2 providing 3 The expected revenue 4 A number of managers 5 due to www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
121
20. Complaints: Spoiled food RON: TRICIA:
17
RON: TRICIA:
RON: TRICIA: RON:
TRICIA:
RON: TRICIA:
RON:
TRICIA: RON:
122
Gourmet Catering, good afternoon? Hello. My name’s Tricia Stone from Stone Ltd. I’m calling to complain about the food you sent us on 27th May. I’m very sorry to hear that. Could you just remind me what you ordered? Yes, we wanted fifty Gourmet Classic Menu meals plus sandwiches and other light refreshments for a dinner that we were holding for our best customers. OK, I have your order in front of me. What was the problem exactly? I regret to say that after unpacking the meals, we found that some contained spoiled food. Hmm... Normally our meals are prepared to be heated up and served within 48 hours from delivery. Did you check the expiry date on the packaging? It read ’Best before: 29th May, 23h59’. All meals were wrapped in aluminium foil and we only removed it on 28th, right before the dinner to heat up the food. I see. You said that only some dishes were spoiled? Yes, but still we didn’t serve the others because we needed fifty. We couldn’t risk disappointing our customers, so we had to arrange to take them to a restaurant virtually on the spot. Oh dear, this is an embarrassing situation for us as well. Look, I’ll try to find out why the food arrived spoiled. I’ll talk to our chef and get back to you in an hour. Is that ok? Errmm... well, actually, I was expecting a refund. Mrs Stone, I understand, but please be so kind and let me check what happened first. If it is indeed our fault, I promise to give you a full refund and also reimburse your expenses in the restaurant.
UNIT
S∏ownictwoto complain – sk∏adaç reklamacj´ to remind sb – przypomnieç komuÊ coÊ light refreshments – przekàski I regret to say – przykro mi to mówiç to contain – zawieraç spoiled food – zepsute jedzenie to be heated up – do podgrzania expiry date – data wa˝noÊci best before: – najlepiej spo˝yç przed...
20
wrapped – zapakowane embarrassing situation – k∏opotliwa sytuacja to arrange – tu: zorganizowaç virtually on the spot – praktycznie na poczekaniu chef – szef kuchni to find out – ustaliç coÊ refund – zwrot fault – wina to promise – obiecywaç to reimburse – zwróciç (pieniàdze, poniesione wydatki)
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówREKLAMACJE – SK¸ADANIE:
Could you replace the faulty items by Friday? – Czy móg∏by pan wymieniç uszkodzone sztuki do piàtku? I’d like to ask for a refund. – Chcia∏bym poprosiç o zwrot pieni´dzy. I’d like to complain about... – Chcia∏bym z∏o˝yç reklamacj´ w sprawie... The device seems to be broken. – Urzàdzenie jest chyba popsute. There is a mistake on the invoice. – Na fakturze jest b∏àd. You sent us the wrong order. – Wys∏aliÊcie nam z∏e zamówienie. REKLAMACJE – PRZYJMOWANIE:
Could you describe... in more detail? – Czy móg∏by pan opisaç... bardziej szczegó∏owo? Do you have the receipt? – Czy ma pan rachunek? I apologize for... – Przepraszam za... I’ll see to it right away. – Zajm´ si´ tym od razu. I’m afraid you’ll have to wait till... – Obawiam si´, ˝e b´dzie musia∏ pan zaczekaç do... www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
123
Complaints: Spoiled food
Jak to dzia∏a?Bezokolicznik z to oraz forma –ing W przypadku niektórych czasowników (np. forget, remember, stop), znaczenie zdania zmienia si´ w zale˝noÊci od tego, czy wyst´puje po nich bezokolicznik z to czy czasownik z –ing:
You’ll soon forget quitting this job. (Wkrótce zapomnisz o odejÊciu z tej pracy.) I forgot to send the report. (Zapomnia∏em wys∏aç raportu.) He stopped listening to the news. (Przesta∏ s∏uchaç wiadomoÊci.) He stopped to listen to the news. (Zatrzyma∏ si´, aby pos∏uchaç wiadomoÊci.) I remember telling him about the meeting. (Pami´tam, ˝e mówi∏em mu o spotkaniu.) I remembered to tell him about the meeting. (Pami´ta∏em, aby powiedzieç mu o spotkaniu.) Na szcz´Êcie w wielu wypadkach, np. begin, start, continue, intend, wybór formy kolejnego czasownika nie zmienia znaczenia zdania:
We started to sell / selling laptops in 1995. (W 1995 roku zacz´liÊmy sprzedawaç laptopy.) Niektóre czasowniki wyst´pujà jedynie z bezokolicznikiem to. Sà to m.in. agree, arrange, ask, decide, expect, hope, plan, prepare, promise, tell, want:
I promise to give you a refund. (Obiecuj´ zwróciç pieniàdze.) Inne czasowniki, m.in. avoid, dislike, enjoy, finish, like, propose, recommend, risk, suggest, dopuszczajà wy∏àcznie form´ –ing:
We couldn’t risk disappointing our customers. (Nie mogliÊmy ryzykowaç rozczarowania naszych klientów.) 124
UNIT
20
Formy –ing u˝ywamy te˝ w wielu utartych zwrotach, m.in. It’s worth..., It’s / There’s no point..., Would you mind..., How about..., a tak˝e po przyimkach:
It’s worth checking. (Warto to sprawdziç.) After unpacking the boxes, we found that... . (Po rozpakowaniu pude∏ek odkryliÊmy, ˝e...)
Korespondencja firmowa Nag∏ówek na papierze firmowym – nazwa firmy, adres, dane Data Adresat
Powitanie Rozpocz´cie
kontaktowe. 10 September 2006 Mr Andrew Stone Optitech Ltd. 15 Abbey Sq. London NW1 7NB United Kingdom Dear Mr Stone, Dear Sirs, Dear Sir / Madam I am writing to...
TreÊç Zakoƒczenie Podpis Czytelnie
Yours sincerely, Marcin Adamski Marcin Adamski, Chief Buyer.
Dat´ i adres zazwyczaj umieszczamy po lewej stronie. W rozpocz´ciu piszemy Dear Mr ... / Dear Mrs... / Dear Ms... (Szanowny Panie ... / Szanowna Pani – w przypadku m´˝atki / Szanowna Pani – w przypadku osoby wolnej lub m´˝atki), jeÊli znamy imi´ i nazwisko adresata. Piszemy Dear Sirs lub Dear Sir / Madam (Szanowni Paƒstwo), jeÊli nie adresujemy listu do konkretnej osoby, lecz ogólnie do instytucji. Poprawne zakoƒczenie listu to Yours sincerely (Z powa˝aniem), jeÊli rozpocz´liÊmy od Dear Mr.../Mrs.../Ms... . JeÊli rozpocz´liÊmy od Dear Sirs lub Dear Sir/Madam, koƒczymy Yours faithfully. www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
125
Complaints: Spoiled food
W pierwszym akapicie podajemy cel listu:
I am writing to enquire about... (Pisz´, aby zapytaç o...) to complain about... (aby z∏o˝yç reklamacj´...) concerning... (w sprawie...) in response to... (w odpowiedzi na...) Further to your letter / advertisement of... (W odpowiedzi na list / og∏oszenie z dnia...) Thank you for your enquiry about... (Dzi´kujemy za zainteresowanie...) We acknowledge receipt of... (Potwierdzamy otrzymanie...) We would like some information about... (ChcielibyÊmy uzyskaç informacje na temat...) W ostatnim akapicie zach´camy do skontaktowania si´ z nami i/lub podajemy dodatkowe informacje:
Please find enclosed... (W za∏àczeniu przesy∏am...) Please do not hesitate to contact me if... (Prosz´ o kontakt jeÊli...) We would appreciate a prompt reply. (B´dziemy wdzi´czni za szybkà odpowiedê.) I look forward to hearing from you. (Oczekuj´ na odpowiedê.) W listach formalnych nie u˝ywamy skróconych form gramatycznych – I will, we do not zamiast I’ll, we don’t itd.
åwiczenia1. U∏ó˝ zdania w kolejnoÊci tak, by powsta∏y dwa sensowne dialogi. Dialog 1 a. ...... b. ..... c. ..... d. ..... 126
That’s what I got. But the invoice reads ’5 screens and 10 printers’. 10 LCD screens and 5 laser printers – is that right? Oh, I apologize for the mistake. I’ll send the correct invoice right away. Hello Mr Cook. How can I help?
UNIT
20
e. ..... f. ..... g. .....
Not at all. That was AA/542/10. Oh dear. I’ll check it. What was the invoice number, please? h. ..1.. Hello, this is Mark Cook from OneStep Co. I’m phoning about our last order. i. ..... Well, there’s a mistake on the invoice you sent us. j. ..... Thanks a lot for your help. Dialog 2 a. ..1.. b. ..... c. ..... d. ..... e. ..... f. ..... g. .....
I’d like to complain about the delivery. All right, but I’d expect some kind of discount then. Five out of ninety devices we ordered seem to be broken. Thank you. And sorry again for the inconvenience. I’m sorry to hear that. What went wrong exactly? OK, that’s quite fine. I’m very sorry, but I’m afraid you’ll have to wait till Saturday. We’ve got plenty of orders. h. ..... Could you replace the faulty items by Friday? It’s urgent. i. ..... Yes, I understand, of course... How about 10% on your next order? j. ..... Hmm... It must have been the driver’s fault. It’s not the first time. Don’t worry, we’ll get you new ones.
2. Uzupe∏nij zdania odpowiednimi wyrazami lub zwrotami z ramki.
refund apologize Could you describe arrange I’ll see to it fault promise 1. It’s not our ............. that the delivery was late – it’s the post. 2. I expect a full .............. of €200.00 within 10 days. 3. Will you ............... to take the goods back tomorrow? 4. I can ................ that this will never happen again. 5. ....................... as soon as possible. 6. ....................... the damage in more detail? 7. I really ................. for the mistake. We’ll correct it right away.
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
127
Complaints: Spoiled food
3. Uzupe∏nij zdania poprawnymi formami czasowników. 1. I’ll tell him .................... (come) as soon as possible. 2. The boss recommended ................... (do) a thorough research. 3. There’s no point ................... (argue) – he just won’t listen. 4. Anne forgot ................... (answer) an important e–mail. 5. Make sure you’ve read the contract before ............... (sign) it. 6. I suggest .................. (ask) him directly. 7. She never stopped .................. (complain) about her job – she
was always unhappy. 8. Did you remember ................... (pay) your tax bill? 4. Uzupe∏nij luki 1–7 w poni˝szym liÊcie zwrotami z ramki. Cztery z podanych zwrotów nie pasujà w ˝adnym miejscu – dlaczego?
Please do not hesitate Dear Mr White We’re Yours faithfully our company is We’ve got Dear Sir or Madam Yours sincerely I am writing to enquire there are I look forward to hearing from you P–Stock Ltd. 23 Allenby Road, Bristol BS3 2RE, UK. Phone +44 123456789. Fax: +44 987654321. E–mail: office@p–stock.co.uk 5 December 2006 Office Computer Technologies Ltd. 40 Park Street Bristol BS1 5JN United Kingdom 1. ....................... 2. ...................... about the networking solutions advertised in your catalogue. At the moment, 3. ................. upgrading the
computer hardware installed in our main office. We would like to replace the computer network in order to improve communication 128
UNIT
20
between users. Currently 4. ............... about 35 PCs linked to one server. The upgrade will involve replacing the server and some of the older PCs with new hardware, laying new cables for a faster network and adding some printer–sharing facilities. 5. .................. to contact me for details. I suggest a meeting next week to discuss the technical issues. 6. ..................... 7. ......................
Joanne Greenfield P–Stock Ltd., Administration Manager.
Complaints, complaints, complaints...
Oto kilka interesujàcych fragmentów listów ze skargami kierowanych do ró˝nego rodzaju urz´dów: I am writing on behalf of my sink, which is running away from the wall. („Pisz´ w imieniu mojego zlewu, który wylewa si´ ze Êciany”). I cannot get sick pay. I have six children. Can you tell me why? („Nie mog´ otrzymaç wyp∏aty za czas choroby. Mam szeÊcioro dzieci. Czy mo˝ecie mi powiedzieç dlaczego?”). Unless I get my husband’s money pretty soon, I will be forced to lead an immoral life. („Je˝eli nie otrzymam pieni´dzy mojego m´˝a wkrótce, b´d´ zmuszona prowadziç niemoralne ˝ycie”). This is to let you know that our lavatory seat is broken and we can’t get BBC. („Niniejszym informuj´, ˝e nasz sedes jest uszkodzony, i ˝e nie uda∏o nam si´ zainteresowaç tym BBC”). Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1. Dialog 1: 1h 2d 3i 4g 5f 6b 7a 8c 9j 10e Dialog 2: 1a 2e 3c 4j 5h 6g 7b 8i 9f 10d 2. 1 fault 2 refund 3 arrange 4 promise 5 I’ll see to it 6 Could you describe 7 apologize 3. 1 to come 2 doing 3 arguing 4 to answer 5 signing 6 asking 7 complaining 8 to pay 4. 1 Dear Sir or Madam 2 I am writing to enquire 3 our company is 4 there are 5 Please do not hesitate 6 I look forward to hearing from you 7 Yours faithfully Nie pasujà: Dear Mr White (nazwisko nie jest wymienione w nag∏ówku), We’re (forma skrócona), We’ve got (forma skrócona), Yours sincerely (z∏e zakoƒczenie – list zaczyna si´ od Dear Sir or Madam) www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
129
21. Tax: pay or die Janet has been running a grocery shop for one year as a sole trader. It is now January and she has to file her tax return, but she found it so confusing that she asked her friend Max for help.
18
MAX: JANET: MAX:
JANET: MAX: JANET: MAX:
JANET: MAX:
Hmm... let’s have a look at your self–assessment form. Do you know your turnover and expenses? Well, I had a turnover of more or less £180,000 and the costs were around £60,000. OK, so your net profit before tax is £120,000. Now you need to calculate the direct and indirect costs separately and write them in the rubrics here. You can also claim investment allowances and other reliefs to reduce the amount of tax due. What exactly can I claim? For instance, if you’ve been paying alimony or if you have a personal pension scheme or if you’ve donated to a charity... I see... And what about social security contributions? You must report them in this section. Of course, they are also deductible from your income, but that’s quite separate. Oh, and VAT is also separate. Make sure you work out the correct figures for output tax and input tax when you submit your quarterly VAT returns. Yes, I’ve already filled the e–VAT forms online. Fine, so that’s basically it – now do the maths and see how much refund you can get. See how easy it is?
S∏ownictwoto file a tax return – z∏o˝yç zeznanie podatkowe self–assessment form – formularz zeznania turnover – obrót, przychód expenses – wydatki net profit before tax – zysk netto przed opodatkowaniem
130
direct (indirect) costs – koszty bezpoÊrednie (poÊrednie) rubric – rubryka investment allowances – odpisy na inwestycje relief – ulga amount of tax due – kwota podatku do zap∏acenia
UNIT
What exactly can I claim? – Co dok∏adnie mog´ odliczyç? alimony – alimenty pension scheme – program emerytalny charity – organizacja charytatywna social security contributions – sk∏adki na ubezpieczenia spo∏eczne deductible – mo˝liwe do odpisania
21
Value Added Tax (VAT) – podatek od wartoÊci dodanej (podatek od towarów i us∏ug) input tax – podatek naliczony output tax – podatek nale˝ny to submit quarterly VAT returns – sk∏adaç kwartalne deklaracje VAT That’s basically it – To w∏aÊciwie ju˝ wszystko do the maths – zajmij si´ obliczeniem tax refund – zwrot podatku
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówduty – c∏o excise – akcyza income – dochód Pay–As–You–Earn (PAYE, witholding taxation) – pobieranie zaliczki na podatek z pensji lub zarobków rate – stawka surcharge – kara, grzywna, dop∏ata tax – podatek; ~ audit – kontrola skarbowa; ~ avoidance – unikanie zobowiàzaƒ podatkowych w sposób legalny; to be exempted from ~ – byç zwolnionym z podatku; capital gains ~ – podatek od zysków kapita∏owych; corporate ~ – podatek od firm (osób prawnych); ~ evasion – nielegalne uchylanie si´ od podatków; flat ~ – podatek liniowy, „p∏aski”; ~ haven – raj podatkowy; inheritance ~ – podatek od spadków; ~ office – urzàd skarbowy; progressive ~ – podatek progresywny; property ~ – podatek od nieruchomoÊci taxpayer – p∏atnik podatku lub podatnik threshold – próg podatkowy to write sth off – dokonaç odpisu czegoÊ
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
131
Ta x : p a y o r d i e
Jak to dzia∏a?Czasowniki modalne must, have to, need to O obowiàzkach (w tym podatkowych) mo˝emy mówiç u˝ywajàc czasowników modalnych must, have to oraz need to. T∏umaczymy je najcz´Êciej jako „musieç”:
Janet has to file her tax return. (Janet musi z∏o˝yç zeznanie podatkowe.) You need to calculate the direct and indirect costs. (Musisz policzyç koszty bezpoÊrednie i poÊrednie.) You must report your social security contributions in this section. (Musisz podaç sk∏adki na ubezpieczenia spo∏eczne w tej sekcji.)
Czasowniki must i have to majà wspólne formy przeczàce i pytajàce:
You must have to file the VAT returns every month. (Musisz sk∏adaç deklaracje VAT co miesiàc.) You don’t have to file VAT forms every month. (Nie musisz...) – nie: You mustn’t Do I have to file VAT forms every month? (Czy musz´...?) – nie: Do I must... ? Forma must not (mustn’t) wyra˝a zakaz:
You mustn’t file false returns. (Nie wolno sk∏adaç fa∏szywych zeznaƒ.) Czasownik need to ma dwie formy przeczàce, których u˝ywamy wymiennie:
You don’t need to fill in paper returns if you pay your tax online. lub: You needn’t fill in paper returns... (Nie musisz wype∏niaç...)
132
UNIT
21
Present Perfect Continuous. Since oraz for Czas Present Perfect Continuous tworzymy przy pomocy wyra˝enia have been lub has been i czasownika z koƒcówkà –ing:
You can claim tax relief if you’ve been paying alimony. (Mo˝esz skorzystaç z ulgi podatkowej, jeÊli p∏acisz alimenty.) Czasu tego u˝ywamy, by wyraziç czynnoÊç rozpocz´tà w przesz∏oÊci, która trwa do tej pory i jeszcze si´ nie zakoƒczy∏a. Wskazujà na to s∏ówka for (przez jakiÊ okres czasu) i since (od konkretnego momentu w przesz∏oÊci):
Janet has been running a grocery shop for one year. (Janet od roku prowadzi sklep.) Keller & Co. have been operating on the Polish market since 1999. (Keller & Co. operujà na polskim rynku od 1999 roku.)
åwiczenia1.
Jaki to rodzaj podatku? Po∏àcz definicje 1–6 i wyra˝enia a–f. 1. All limited liability companies pay this tax on their income. 2. You pay this tax on goods such as tobacco, alcohol or petrol. 3. It is a type of tax where you have to pay a higher rate if you
earn more money than the rate paid by people who earn less. 4. This tax applies to you if you’ve bought shares in a public
company and then sold them with profit. 5. If a company buys textiles for £100 and then uses them to
make t–shirts which they later sell for £400, they must pay this tax on the £300 difference. 6. Companies and individuals pay this tax on the size and/or value of the buildings or flats they own. a. capital gains tax b. value added tax c. property tax www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
d. progressive tax e. excise f. corporate tax 133
Ta x : p a y o r d i e
2. Wpisz s∏owa z ramki w luki poni˝ej.
amount of tax due return duty
tax haven tax relief flat tax
taxpayers tax evasion submit
1. Today more and more governments are considering introduction
of ....................... where .................. pay what they are due at one rate, no matter how much they earn. 2. People who have children or whose incomes are low usually qualify for some kind of a ................... so that they are able to keep more money. 3. At the end of each quarter entrepreneurs must .................... a completed VAT .................... to the tax office. 4. Many goods imported into the EU are subject to ................... . 5. Some companies try to reduce the ................ by moving their assets to a ........................... . This could be sometimes illegal and could be treated as ................... by the fiscal authorities. 3. Uzupe∏nij zdania czasownikami modalnymi w odpowiedniej formie. 1. I was late with my tax return this year. Now I ...................
pay a surcharge. 2. The taxes went down in April, so my company
........................... pay as much as it did last year. 3. You ................... register for VAT if your turnover is less than
£60,000, but it’s still a good idea to do so if you sell to VAT taxpayers. 4. You ................... evade tax – it’s illegal! 5. All companies ................... pay their taxes on time to avoid penalties. 4. Przekszta∏ç podane zdania u˝ywajàc wyt∏uszczonego czasownika oraz for lub since.
Przyk∏ad: Janet opened her shop a year ago. She is still running it. + Janet has been running her shop for a year. 134
UNIT
21
1. TechnoLab started to work on this problem two months ago.
They are still working on it. ........................................................................................... 2. Katrix sold their first product abroad 10 years ago. They are still selling abroad. ........................................................................................... 3. ShipShelter stopped paying their tax last year. Today they’re still not paying the tax. ........................................................................................... 4. MartiCo. and Amber Ltd first traded with each other in 1988. They are still trading with each other ........................................................................................... 5. Our sales started to increase at the beginning of the year. They are still increasing. ...........................................................................................
Tax Enforcement
W ˝yciu pewna jest tylko Êmierç i podatki. Nic nie przebije policji skarbowej jednego z krajów europejskich (zobacz w kluczu poni˝ej), gdzie agenci Êcigajàcy tax fraud (przest´pstwa podatkowe) mogà pos∏ugiwaç si´ m.in. multi–purpose crowbar (∏omem wielozadaniowym), battering ram (taranem), boxing gloves (r´kawicami bokserskimi), a na swoim wyposa˝eniu majà równie˝ bullet–proof helmet (he∏m kuloodporny), fins (p∏etwy), diver’s knife (nó˝ nurkowy), kimono (kimono), pontoon (ponton), night vision googles (gogle noktowizyjne) oraz anti–explosion blanket (koc antywybuchowy)... Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1. 1 f 2 e 3 d 4 a 5 b 6 c 2. 1 flat tax, taxpayers 2 tax relief 3 submit, return 4 duty 5 amount of tax due, tax haven, tax evasion 3. 1 have to / must 2 needn’t / doesn’t need to / doesn’t have to 3 don’t need to / don’t have to 4 mustn’t 5 have to / must 4. 1 TechnloLab has been working on this problem for two months. 2 Katrix have been selling abroad for 10 years. 3 ShipShelter haven’t been paying their tax since last year. 4 MartiCo and Amber Ltd have been trading with each other since 1988. 5 Our sales have been increasing since the beginning of the year. Tax Enforcement: ten kraj to Polska – Rozporzàdzenie Ministra Finansów z dn. 27.05.2004, Dz. U. nr 136 poz. 1454. www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
135
22. Company history: City Design City Design is a Polish designer and manufacturer of office furniture. The company was founded by Jakub and Dawid, two brothers, in 1993. At the beginning, they didn’t have their own factory but relied on a network of trusted subcontractors. ’Those were absolutely wild days’, Jakub recalls. ’Lots of private companies popped up, many also came here from abroad, and one thing was for sure – everybody needed new furniture in their new offices’.
19
The company, at that time known as Patron, had no trouble ensuring a steady flow of orders from customers. However, understaffing did turnd out to be a major problem, and in 1995 the brothers employed the first salespeople. What followed was a four year period of very rapid growth. The number of employees was increasing by approximately ten each year, new designs were released regularly, a factory was finally built near Wroc∏aw, and in 1997 Patron celebrated their thousandth customer. A major blow came in 1998 when Ekkra, the biggest international office furniture retailer entered Poland. Patron found it hard to compete with their product range and the brothers’ sales were falling year by year. ’We could have been more aggressive with advertising. I believe we wouldn’t have lost so many valuable clients then’, Jakub says. The recovery came in 2001 when Patron decided to focus on the luxury market. ’We were discussing our poor financial situation when Dawid came up with the idea of «rebranding»’, Jakub recalls. Patron subsequently got a new name – City Design – and became profitable soon. Today the company is flourishing again. Even before Poland entered the EU, City Design had signed a number of important contracts with partners from Germany and Austria. ’We are getting many enquiries from potential customers in Europe’, Dawid adds. 136
UNIT
S∏ownictwofurniture – meble was founded – zosta∏a za∏o˝ona network – sieç trusted – zaufani wild days – szalone czasy to recall – przypominaç sobie to pop up (nieform.) – pojawiaç si´ to ensure – zapewniç steady flow of orders – sta∏y nap∏yw zamówieƒ understaffing – zbyt ma∏o pracowników
22
rapid growth – szybki wzrost to release – wprowadziç na rynek major blow – powa˝ny cios recovery – polepszenie kondycji finansowej to focus on sth – skoncentrowaç si´ na czymÊ rebranding – zmiana marki subsequently – nast´pnie to flourish – rozkwitaç enquiry – zapytanie
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówCOMPANY HISTORY – HISTORIA FIRMY:
After breaking into the EU markets, we established our first subsidiary in Ukraine. – Po wejÊciu na rynki UE, za∏o˝yliÊmy pierwszà fili´ na Ukrainie. Due to..., we were forced to... – Z powodu..., byliÊmy zmuszeni do... Mr Edwards joined us as... in... . – Pan Edwards do∏àczy∏ do nas na stanowisku... w... . Our flagship product has always been... . – Naszym sztandarowym produktem zawsze by∏... . Recently, we have invested in... – Ostatnio zainwestowaliÊmy w... The contract that we made with... allowed us to... . – Umowa, którà zawarliÊmy z..., pozwoli∏a nam na... . We made our first million in... – Pierwszy milion zarobiliÊmy w... We launched our first product in... – Nasz pierwszy produkt wypuÊciliÊmy na rynek w...
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
137
Company history: City Design
Jak to dzia∏a?Czasy przesz∏e Najcz´Êciej u˝ywanymi czasami przesz∏ymi w j´zyku angielskim sà: Simple Past – przy jego pomocy wyra˝amy przesz∏à, zakoƒczonà czynnoÊç. Do czasownika regularnego dodajemy koƒcówk´ –ed, czasowniki nieregularne wyst´pujà w drugiej formie:
Patron celebrated their thousandth customer in 1997. (Firma Patron Êwi´towa∏a swojego tysi´cznego klienta w 1997 r.) Many companies came to Poland from abroad in 1990s. (Wiele firm sprowadzi∏o si´ do Polski w latach 90–tych.) Past Continuous – w tym czasie wyra˝amy czynnoÊç lub sytuacj´ trwajàcà w przesz∏oÊci, cz´sto przerwanà jakàÊ innà jednorazowà czynnoÊcià lub zdarzeniem, wyra˝onymi w czasie Simple Past. Czas Past Continuous tworzymy przy pomocy was/were oraz formy –ing czasownika:
The number of employees was increasing by ten each year. (Zatrudnienie wzrasta∏o o 10 pracowników rocznie.) We were discussing our situation, when Dawid came up with an idea. (RozmawialiÊmy o naszej sytuacji, kiedy Dawid przedstawi∏ nowy pomys∏.) Past Perfect – w zdaniu, w którym wyst´pujà dwa czasowniki opisujàce czynnoÊci przesz∏e, czynnoÊç wczeÊniejszà wyra˝amy w czasie Past Perfect. Czas ten tworzymy przez had i czasownik z koƒcówkà –ed (lub czasownik nieregularny w trzeciej formie):
Even before Poland entered the EU, City Design had signed a number of contracts with the Germans. (Jeszcze przed wejÊciem Polski do UE, City Design podpisa∏a wiele umów z Niemcami.)
Czasowniki modalne opisujàce zdarzenia w przesz∏oÊci Przy pomocy czasownika modalnego w po∏àczeniu z have i czasownikiem g∏ównym w trzeciej formie mo˝emy opisaç zdarzenia, które mog∏y, musia∏y lub powinny si´ by∏y wydarzyç w przesz∏oÊci. Porównaj: 138
UNIT
22
We could be more aggressive. (Mo˝emy byç bardziej agresywni.) We could have been more aggressive. (MogliÊmy byç... ) We would lose clients. (StracilibyÊmy klientów.) – teraz lub w przysz∏oÊci We would have lost clients. (StracilibyÊmy klientów.) – kiedyÊ He must have cheated us. (Musia∏ nas oszukiwaç.) They might have talked to each other. (Mogli ze sobà rozmawiaç.) You should have checked that. (PowinieneÊ by∏ to sprawdziç.)
Czasownik come Podobnie jak do, put, make, go i wiele innych cz´sto u˝ywanych czasowników, come u˝ywamy w szeregu wyra˝eƒ, których znaczenie zale˝y od s∏ówka towarzyszàcego bezpoÊrednio temu czasownikowi:
Dawid came up with the idea of rebranding. (Dawid wystàpi∏ z pomys∏em zmiany marki.) They came across some technical problems. (Napotkali pewne problemy techniczne.) The costs of rent came down by 10%. (Koszty wynajmu spad∏y o 10%.) The deal with Amert Inc. didn’t come off due to their sudden bankruptcy. (Interes z Amert Inc. nie wypali∏ z powodu ich nag∏ego bankructwa.) Reeve Co. has come through a serious financial crisis. (Reeve Co. przetrwa∏a powa˝ny kryzys finansowy.) We have no answer if this question comes up in the meeting. (Nie mamy odpowiedzi, jeÊli to pytanie pojawi si´ na spotkaniu.)
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
139
Company history: City Design
åwiczenia1. Wstaw zwroty a–l w odpowiednie luki. a. flourishing b. rapid growth c. had joined d. made a long–term
contract with e. at the beginning f. a major blow
g. steady flow of orders h. the recovery i. as a result j. was founded k. to break into the EU markets l. allowed them to
MEDINA TRANSPORT Medina Transport is a transport and logistics company. It 1. ...................... in 1990 in Lublin, Poland. 2. ...................... they were the only private Polish company that offered transport services to countries of Central and Eastern Europe. They saw a very 3. .................... in the first three years of their operation due to a 4. ....................... from customers in the whole country. In 1994, they 5. ....................... ArtsFood, a major Polish food producer, for regular deliveries to the Baltic States. The money they got from this contract 6. .................. expand into new areas of business, such as door–to–door delivery and courier service. The company suffered 7. ............. on Christmas Day 1997, when a fire broke out in their garage. Nearly half of the lorries were totally 140
UNIT
22
burnt and 8. .............. Medina had to terminate a number of contracts and lay off some of their drivers. 9. ................ came the following year, when they managed to buy new trucks on credit. After 1 May 2004 Poland’s accession to the EU, Medina managed 10. ................... and is 11. .................... again. However, it may soon face another problem, since many drivers who 12. ....................... the company before 2004 are now looking for better paid jobs in Western Europe.
2. Uzupe∏nij luki czasownikami podanymi w nawiasach, w odpowiednim czasie przesz∏ym. 1. MarCo .................. (get) many e–mail enquiries about their
products after the company .................... (present) themselves at a trade fair. 2. I .................... (walk) into the office when the boss
.................... (ask) me to speak with him in private. 3. In 1999 we ................ (make) our first million zlotys and
....................... (sell) the first products abroad. 4. The company ..................... (open) their German branch just
two years after they ................... (enter) the EU market. 5. ChemTex .................... (buy) a building in Warsaw last year. 6. We ..................... (talking) about the new employee when she
suddenly ................... (enter) the room. www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
141
Company history: City Design
3. Przekszta∏ç poni˝sze zdania u˝ywajàc czasowników modalnych w czasie przesz∏ym, jak w przyk∏adzie.
Przyk∏ad: The boss asked me to call Mr Jones, but I forgot. —> I should have called Mr Jones. 1. I told you to talk to Mr Jones and you didn’t do it!
You ................................................. to Mr Jones. 2. Perhaps they found a new supplier.
They ............................................ a new supplier. 3. I’m sure they overlooked the mistake on that invoice.
They ............................................. the mistake on that invoice. 4. It’s a pity we didn’t think about that.
We ................................................. about that. 5. She was almost ready to sign the contracts when they withdrew
their offer. She ......................... the contract, but they withdrew the offer.
4. Wstaw w luki odpowiednie s∏owo z ramki.
with
through up (x2)
down off
1. This issue will never come ...................... if we don’t mention it. 2. The contract with May Co is quite risky, but may come
........................... in the end. 3. It’s a very lucky company that has come ...................... many
difficult changes in the industry. 4. Last month, the average prices for textiles came......................
by 30% as a result of cheap import from abroad. 5. He came ............ ............. a very interesting suggestion at
the meeting yesterday. 142
UNIT
22
Performance reviews
Co mened˝er dzia∏u HR mo˝e napisaç w raporcie o osobie, która ciàgle wyst´puje z nowymi pomys∏ami w pracy? Na przyk∏ad: maintains professional attitude („ma profesjonalne podejÊcie”). Jak zinterpretuje takà opini´ szef czytajàcy raport? A snob. („Pracownik jest snobem”). Spróbuj sam dopasowaç reszt´ opisów (1–8) do ich „prawdziwych” znaczeƒ (a–h). Odpowiedzi i t∏umaczenia w kluczu :–) 1. Uses resources well 2. Demonstrates qualities of
leadership 3. Happy 4. Is unusually loyal 5. Identifies major management
problems 6. Tactful in dealing with superiors 7. Enjoys job 8. Inspires the cooperation of others
a. Needs more to do b. Complains a lot c. Paid too much d. Gets everyone else to
do the work e. Has a loud voice f. Wanted by no–one else g. Knows when to
shut up h. Delegates everything
Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1. 1j 2e 3b 4g 5d 6l 7f 8i 9h 10k 11a 12c 2. 1 got, had presented 2 was walking, asked 3 made, sold 4 opened, had entered 5 bought 6 were talking, entered 3. 1 should have talked 2 might have found 3 must have overlooked 4 could have thought 5 would have signed 4. 1 up 2 off 3 through 4 down 5 up with Performance reviews. 1h (dobrze korzysta z zasobów = oddelegowuje wszystkie zadania), 2e (wykazuje cechy przywódcy = ma donoÊny g∏os), 3c (szcz´Êliwy = za dobrze mu p∏acà), 4f (niezwykle lojalny = nikt inny go nie chce), 5b (rozpoznaje problemy kierownictwa = ciàgle si´ skar˝y), 6g (taktowny w stosunkach z prze∏o˝onymi = wie kiedy si´ zamknàç), 7a (lubi prac´ = powinien pracowaç wi´cej), 8d (inspiruje wspó∏prac´ = zwala robot´ na innych) www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
143
23. Accounting and Finance Most people can say exactly how much money they have at any moment. Companies usually know exactly how much money they have only once a year. That’s at the end of the fiscal year, when their accountants prepare the balance sheet. It provides information about company’s assets (what the company owns) and liabilities (what the company owes).
20
Assets are subdivided into current, fixed and intangible. Current assets are cash or anything that can be turned into cash in a relatively short period of time, for example receivables or securities. Fixed assets are those which are directly needed for company’s operations – machines, land or buildings. Some firms also list intangible assets such as copyrights, brands or goodwill. The liabilities part includes any debts that the company may have, bank loans or taxes. Liabilities are classified as current if money has to be paid within the next twelve months; otherwise, they are long–term liabilities. Apart from the balance sheet, there are two other documents which are important for analysing any company’s financial situation – the profit and loss account and the cash–flow statement. The former gives an overview of all revenue and spending within a certain period of time. It contains the figures for sales and costs, the latter are generally broken down into costs of sales – for example raw materials or advertising – and overheads such as salaries, rent, electricity, maintenance or administration. Much of the information included in the profit and loss account is also reported, usually in more detail, in the cash–flow statement, which additionally presents how and where the company earned and spent their money.
S∏ownictwofiscal year – rok podatkowy to owe – byç winnym (coÊ) balance sheet – bilans current assets – Êrodki obrotowe assets – aktywa fixed assets – Êrodki trwa∏e to own – posiadaç intangible assets – wartoÊci liabilities – pasywa, zobowiàzania niematerialne i prawne 144
UNIT
receivables (accounts receivable) – nale˝noÊci, wierzytelnoÊci securities – papiery wartoÊciowe goodwill – reputacja, renoma debt – d∏ug loan – po˝yczka profit and loss account (AmE income statement) – rachunek wyników (zysków i strat)
23
cash–flow statement – sprawozdanie z przep∏ywu Êrodków pieni´˝nych revenue – tu: przychód spending – wydatki costs of sales – koszty sprzeda˝y rent – czynsz maintenance – utrzymanie
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówaccounts payable – zobowiàzania auditor – rewident, audytor bankruptcy – bankructwo to borrow – po˝yczaç (od kogoÊ) break–even point – próg rentownoÊci credit – strona „ma”; kredyt; ~ rating – zdolnoÊç kredytowa creditor – wierzyciel debit – strona „winien” debtor – d∏u˝nik
depreciation (AmE amortization) – amortyzacja; straight line ~ – amortyzacja liniowa; declining balance ~ – amortyzacja degresywna insolvency – niewyp∏acalnoÊç interest – odsetki; ~ rate – oprocentowanie to lend – po˝yczaç (komuÊ) loss – strata mortgage – kredyt hipoteczny overdraft – debet (na koncie)
Jak to dzia∏a?Rodziny wyrazów S∏ownictwo zwiàzane z finansami zawiera szczególnie du˝o podobnych do siebie wyrazów o ró˝nych znaczeniach:
account (konto), accounts (dzia∏ ksi´gowoÊci w firmie), accounting (ksi´gowoÊç), accountant (ksi´gowy), accountancy (ksi´gowoÊç – zawód) liability (odpowiedzialnoÊç, zobowiàzanie), liabilities (pasywa, zobowiàzania), to be liable for sth (odpowiadaç za coÊ) www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
145
Accounting and Finance
bankrupt (bankrut, zbankrutowany), bankruptcy (bankructwo), to go bankrupt (zbankrutowaç) credit (strona „ma” lub kredyt), creditor (wierzyciel), creditworthiness (zdolnoÊç kredytowa) debt (d∏ug), debtor (d∏u˝nik), indebted (zad∏u˝ony), indebtedness (zad∏u˝enie) analysis (analiza), analyst (analityk), to analyse (BrE) / analyze (AmE) (analizowaç) profit (zysk), profitable (zyskowny), profitably (zyskownie), profitability (zyskownoÊç)
Wyra˝enia z przyimkami W j´zyku angielskim cz´sto u˝ywamy szeregu utartych zwrotów zawierajàcych przyimki: at: Companies usually know how much money they have at the end of
the year. (Firmy zwykle wiedzà, ile majà pieni´dzy na koniec roku.) at at at to
first (najpierw), at last (w koƒcu), at least (przynajmniej), the moment (teraz), at once (natychmiast), sb’s request (na czyjàÊ proÊb´), at work (w pracy), be good/bad at sth (byç w czymÊ dobrym/z∏ym)
for: Fixed assets are those needed for company’s operations. (Ârodki
trwa∏e to te, które sà potrzebne do dzia∏alnoÊci firmy.) for certain (na pewno), for example/instance (na przyk∏ad), for sale (na sprzeda˝), for the time being (na obecnà chwil´), the figures for sth (dane dotyczàce czegoÊ), necessary for sth (niezb´dne do czegoÊ), reason for sth (powód czegoÊ), to be responsible for sth (byç za coÊ odpowiedzialnym) in: Much of the information is reported in more detail in the
cash–flow statement. (Wiele informacji jest uj´tych bardziej szczegó∏owo w sprawozdaniu z przep∏ywu Êrodków.) 146
UNIT
23
in advance (z góry), in brief (w skrócie), in comparison with (w porównaniu z), in debt (zad∏u˝ony), in doubt (w wypadku wàtpliwoÊci), in exchange for (w zamian za), in fact (faktycznie), in general (ogólnie), in the long run (na d∏u˝szà met´), in the meantime (w mi´dzyczasie), in a nutshell (krótko mówiàc), in particular (szczególnie), in person (osobiÊcie), in stock (w magazynie, na sk∏adzie), in writing (pisemnie), an increase / a decrease in sth (wzrost / spadek czegoÊ), to be interested in sth (byç czymÊ zainteresowanym), to specialize in sth (specjalizowaç si´ w czymÊ) on: The costs of labour in Poland are 50% of gross salary on average.
(Koszty pracy w Polsce wynoszà Êrednio 50% pensji brutto.) on behalf of sb (w czyimÊ imieniu), on business (s∏u˝bowo, w interesach), on the condition that (pod warunkiem, ˝e), on demand (na ˝àdanie), on leave (na zwolnieniu), on the phone (przez telefon), on time (na czas), to insist on sth/sb (nalegaç na coÊ/kogoÊ), to focus on sth (skupiç si´ na czymÊ), to count on sth/sb (liczyç na coÊ/kogoÊ)
åwiczenia1.
Do jakiego rodzaju Êrodków zaliczy firma produkcyjna nast´pujàce rzeczy i prawa? Wpisz wyra˝enia w odpowiednià kolumn´.
land factory patents company logo Current assets
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
money in the bank account credits given to customers good reputation production line shares in another company employees’ knowledge delivery vans Fixed assets
Intangible assets
147
Accounting and Finance
2. Uzupe∏nij zdania odpowiednimi s∏owami z ramki.
owe lend
debtor loan interest revenue maintenance
break–even point borrow
1. This year we’ve finally reached the ...................., which
means that our ................. is now bigger than our expenses. 2. We pay quite a high ................... on the company credit card. 3. The bank will not ................ us any more money until we’ve
paid back our previous ................. . 4. ................. costs, such as heating, cleaning or rent, should be
as low as possible. 5. Black–Red Ltd. is our greatest ............... . They .................
us more than $40,000. 6. Compact Cosmetics will have to ................. some money to
finance construction of a new factory. 3.
Wstaw s∏owa w nawiasach w odpowiedniej formie. 1. I’m not sure about the ..................... of this project. It doesn’t
promise much revenue. (profit) 2. Your .................... shows that it’s a good strategy. (analyse) 3. Their total ................... to Devon Corp. is €100,000. (debt) 4. Our .................. expect us to pay on time. (credit) 5. I’ll ask our ............. to send all necessary documents. (account) 6. Proto Ltd. are very close to .................... – they have almost no money. (bankrupt) 4. Wstaw odpowiedni przyimek. 1. EU–made textiles are 60% more expensive ....... comparison
with those imported from China. 2. We can agree to these terms ........ the condition that the
contract is made for one year. 3. Pantronix specialize ...... electronic monitoring systems. 4. 98% of all our orders are delivered ...... time. 5. At least $500,000 will be necessary ...... new investments. 6. We’ll despatch your order ....... once. 148
UNIT
23
5. Dopasuj rozpocz´te zdania 1–6 do ich dalszych cz´Êci a–f. 1. We need to ask our bank 2. Key Black Inc. actively
a. the meantime, we’re going to
invests in Central Europe, for 3. All companies need to monitor their accounts 4. We want to buy new computers next year, but in 5. Adagio has problems re–paying their 6. Quick Job Ltd. is interested
b. in getting a government
upgrade our software. contract next year. c. debts and may go bankrupt
soon. d. example in Poland. e. to lend us more money. f. receivable to make sure they
get paid what is due.
Accountant Jokes
Dowcipy o ksi´gowych sà jednymi z najcz´Êciej opowiadanych dowcipów o grupach zawodowych. Próbka poni˝ej, a t∏umaczenie w kluczu :–) An accountant is having a hard time sleeping and goes to see his doctor. – Doctor, I just can’t get to sleep at night. – Have you tried counting sheep? – That’s the problem – I make a mistake and then spend three hours trying to find it. Q: Why accountants don’t read novels? A: Because the only numbers in them are page numbers. Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1. Current assets: money in the bank account, credits given to customers, shares in another company; Fixed assets: land, factory, production line, delivery vans; Intangible assets: company logo, employees’ knowledge, patents, good reputation 2. 1 break–even point, revenue 2 interest 3 lend, loan 4 maintenance 5 debtor, owe 6 borrow 3. 1 profitability 2 analysis 3 debt / indebtedness 4 creditors 5 accountant 6 bankruptcy 4. 1 in 2 on 3 in 4 on 5 for 6 at 5. 1e 2d 3f 4a 5c 6b Accountant Jokes. Ksi´gowy ma problemy z zaÊni´ciem i idzie do lekarza. „Panie doktorze, nie mog´ zasnàç”. „Czy próbowa∏ Pan liczyç owce?”. „W∏aÊnie w tym problem – kiedy si´ pomyl´, potrzebuj´ trzech godzin, ˝eby ustaliç gdzie”. Pytanie: Dlaczego ksi´gowi nie czytajà powieÊci? Odpowiedê: Bo jedyne liczby, jakie si´ tam pojawiajà to numery stron. www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
149
24. Progress check Sprawdê si´! 1. U∏ó˝ zdania z podanych wyrazów.
1. cancelled/appointments/business/are/often/to/urgent/due/classes 2. please/me/questions/any/if/to contact/do not/have/you/hesitate 3. them/documents/signing/he/before/reads/always 4. from/deduct/you/security/income/social/contributions/can/your/your 5. I/my/online/tax/been/for/returns/years/filing/have/three 6. with/have/careful/security/been/should/we/more 7. of/a/number/the investors/across/problems/came/bureaucratic 8. shares/debt/in/for/their/to/we/agreed/Abaco’s/reduce/exchange 2. Test. Wybierz w∏aÊciwà odpowiedê. 1. The performance reviews
.............. every year. a. are carried out b. are being carried out c. carry out d. will carry out
5. I wouldn’t recommend .........
business with them – they’re nearly bankrupt. a. do b. to do c. doing d. did 6. We acknowledge ........ of your
2. If you buy something for 100 PLN
and you sell it for 120 PLN, then your .......... is 20 PLN. a. investment b. cost c. margin d. loss
letter from 19 May 2006. a. receipt b. receive c. recipe d. received 7. Everybody ...... pay their taxes
on time. 3. We need to reduce the number
of staff. ............., it will be difficult to raise salaries. a. Otherwise b. Generally c. Consequently d. Due to the fact that
a. has to c. need
b. have to d. needn’t
8. Our company has been making
textiles ......... 1999. a. for b. in c. until d. since
4. He agreed ........ our business
proposal. a. reconsidering b. to reconsider c. reconsider d. reconsideration 150
9. Tax ...... is a serious crime. a. avoidance b. office c. audit d. evasion
UNIT
10.Proto Co. were fined because
they ................. to pay their tax on time. a. forget b. were forgotten c. have forgotten d. had forgotten 11.Somebody .............. these
documents, because I can’t find them anywhere. a. must steal b. must stole c. must have stolen d. must have been stolen 12.The deal didn’t come .... because
the management opposed it. a. off b. up c. up with d. down
24
13.We’ll soon be in ........ if we
don’t cut production costs. a. debt b. debtor c. debit d. indebted 14.It’s a great product, but it’s not
very ............... . a. profitably b. profit c. profitability d. profitable 15.The sales forecast was
pessimistic, but ............ the end, we broke even very quickly. a. on b. for c. in d. at 1
3. Krzy˝ówka. 2
1. Przypominaç sobie. 2. Call off. 3. The amount of money
3 4
you have to pay for something. 4. Sieç.
5 6 7 8
5. Faktura.
6. Zwrot pieni´dzy.
7. Change of brand.
8. Bankructwo.
Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1. 1. Classes are often cancelled due to urgent business appointments. 2. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions. 3. He always reads documents before signing them. 4. You can deduct your social security contributions from your income. 5. I have been filing my tax returns online for three years. 6. We should have been more careful with security. 7. The investors came across a number of bureaucratic problems. 8. We agreed to reduce Abaco’s debt in exchange for their shares. 2. 1a 2c 3a 4b 5c 6a 7a 8d 9d 10d 11c 12a 13a 14d 15c Krzy˝ówka has∏o: recovery (recall, cancel, price, network, invoice, refund, rebranding, bankruptcy) www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
151
25. The Stock Exchange: Bears and bulls The Warsaw Stock Exchange saw another day of spectacular growth today. After two weeks of falls followed by a steady recovery at the last five sessions, it appears that the bear market has definitely ended and share prices are to rocket again. The main indexes will still take some time to draw near their record highs, but investors are generally optimistic about the continuation of the rising trend.
21
There were a few disappointments today as well. Telecoms and IT companies did not perform as expected by analysts. Only Tele7 finished the day with an insignificant gain of 0.3% while ITPlus, the other key player in the Polish telecom market, lost 1.4%. The shares of some smaller IT companies were traded at high volume again, which is a clear indication of ongoing speculative activities. There is little predictability in the IT sector at the moment, and few stock market players are willing to take the risk of buying shares which may turn out to be a poor investment. Shareholders of petroleum companies were particularly pleased when NPC’s financial report for the past quarter was released. Rising prices for crude oil worldwide and an expensive dollar were the main factors behind NPC’s impressive profits, which have almost doubled in comparison with the similar period last year. The company’s management had announced earlier that at least 50% of the profit will be paid out as dividends. As a result, NPC’s share price jumped by 5% and other petroleum companies followed suit. Tomorrow’s session will almost certainly open with WIG–20 above today’s closing level. Transactions should be planned carefully, as the market may need a little time to consolidate after today’s growths.
152
UNIT
25
S∏ownictwogrowth – wzrost fall – spadek steady recovery – stopniowy powrót do poprzednich poziomów bear market – bessa, rynek niedêwiedzia share price – cena akcji to rocket – skoczyç do góry index (pl. indexes, indices) – indeks gie∏dowy to draw near sth – zbli˝yç si´ do czegoÊ record high – najwy˝sza cena w historii high value – du˝e iloÊci (akcji) investor – inwestor rising trend – trend wzrostowy shareholder (AmE stockholder) – akcjonariusz petroleum companies – spó∏ki paliwowe quarter – kwarta∏ to release – tu: opublikowaç
crude oil – ropa naftowa worldwide – na Êwiecie impressive – imponujàce to double – podwoiç to pay out – wyp∏aciç dividend – dywidenda to jump – podskoczyç to follow suit – zrobiç tak samo insignificant gain – nieznaczny zysk to trade – handlowaç, obracaç papierami wartoÊciowymi volume – wolumen clear indication – wyraêny znak ongoing speculative activities – trwajàca spekulacja predictability – przewidywalnoÊç stock market player – gracz gie∏dowy closing level – poziom zamkni´cia to consolidate – skonsolidowaç
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówacquisition – przej´cie bull market – hossa, rynek byka bonds – obligacje demand – popyt derivatives – instrumenty pochodne, derywaty drop – spadek cen forecast – prognoza futures contract – transakcja terminowa www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
plumet – dramatycznie straciç na wartoÊci merger – fuzja price–earning (P/E) ratio – wskaênik cena/zysk (C/Z) option – opcja, prawo; call ~ – opcja kupna; put ~ – opcja sprzeda˝y; stockbroker – makler gie∏dowy supply – poda˝ takeover – przej´cie 153
The Stock Exchange: Bears and bulls
Jak to dzia∏a?Opisywanie zmian WZROST
– The Warsaw Stock Exchange saw another day of growth today. (Kolejny dzieƒ na warszawskiej gie∏dzie przyniós∏ wzrosty.) – Prices are to rocket again. (Ceny znów skoczà do góry.) – The index will continue to rise. (Indeks b´dzie nadal wzrasta∏.) – Profits have doubled. (Zyski zosta∏y podwojone.) – NPC’s share price jumped by 5%. (Cena akcji NPC skoczy∏a o 5%.) – Sales went up by 10%. (Sprzeda˝ wzros∏a o 10%). – Inflation peaked at 251%. (Inflacja osiàgn´∏a szczyt przy 251%.) – The unemployment rate has increased to 8%. (Stopa bezrobocia wzros∏a do 8%.) SPADEK – After two weeks of falls, the bear market has ended. (Po dwóch tygodniach spadków zakoƒczy∏ si´ rynek niedêwiedzia.) – ITPlus lost 1.4%. (ITPlus straci∏ 1.4%.) – XYZ’s share price plummeted when the company announced job cuts. (Akcje XYZ pikowa∏y po og∏oszeniu redukcji zatrudnienia.) – ABS’s total debt decreased to $3m. (¸àczny d∏ug ABS zmniejszy∏ si´ do 3 mln dolarów.) – Consumer spending dropped to a ten year low. (Konsumpcja spad∏a do poziomu najni˝szego od dekady.) – Profits have declined by 30%. (Zyski zmniejszy∏y si´ o 30%.) BRAK ZMIAN – The main index stabilized at 44,260 points. (G∏ówny indeks ustabilizowa∏ si´ na poziomie 44 260 punktów.) – Oil prices have remained stable over the past few weeks. (Ceny ropy pozosta∏y stabilne przez ostatnie kilka tygodni.)
Rzeczownik Wiele czasowników opisujàcych zmiany ma równie˝ formy rzeczownikowe:
to to to to 154
increase – an increase, to rise – a rise, to gain – a gain, grow – growth, to peak – peak decrease – a decrease, to fall – a fall, to drop – a drop, decline – a decline, to lose – a loss
UNIT
25
other, the other, another S∏owo another oznacza „kolejny” lub „inny”. U˝ywamy go tylko przed rzeczownikami policzalnymi w liczbie pojedynczej:
– The stock exchange saw another day of growth. (Na gie∏dzie by∏ kolejny dzieƒ wzrostów.) – We’ll have to find another person to replace him. (B´dziemy musieli poszukaç innej osoby, która go zastàpi.) Other u˝ywamy przed rzeczownikami w liczbie mnogiej: Other petroleum companies followed suit. (Inne spó∏ki paliwowe zrobi∏y tak samo.) The other wskazuje na istnienie tylko dwóch rzeczy lub osób: ITPlus, the other key player in the telecom market, lost 1.4%. (ITPlus, drugi z du˝ych graczy na rynku telekomów, straci∏ 1.4%)
a little – little, a few – few Little („ma∏o”, „niewiele”) i a little („troch´”) u˝ywamy przed rzeczownikami niepoliczalnymi:
– There is little predictability in the IT sector. (Sektor IT jest ma∏o przewidywalny.) – The market may need a little time to consolidate. (Rynek mo˝e potrzebowaç troch´ czasu na konsolidacj´.) Few („ma∏o”, „niewiele”) i a few („troch´”, „kilka”) u˝ywamy przed rzeczownikami w liczbie mnogiej: – Few stock market players are willing to take risk. (Niewielu graczy gie∏dowych jest sk∏onnych podjàç ryzyko.) – There were a few disappointments today as well. (DziÊ by∏o równie˝ kilka rozczarowaƒ.)
åwiczenia1. Wpisz w luki odpowiednie s∏owa z ramki.
shareholders bull market
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
merger high index dividend released
155
The Stock Exchange: Bears and bulls
1. When share prices start to rise, everybody believes that
a ............................ has begun. 2. Two of the leading telecom companies have just announced
a ........................ . 3. The main .................... reached the record ............... of
40,000 points today. 4. The board has decided to pay out $0.75 ................ per share. 5. Azade’s .................... were disappointed when the company’s
quarterly report was ...................... . 2. Uzupe∏nij zdania z komentarza gie∏dowego s∏owami, które opisujà zmian´. Pierwsza litera ka˝dego s∏owa zosta∏a podana. 1. Animi’s share price p................... today from £46.75 to
£41.17 – a spectacular d.................. of more than 10% ! 2. Genie’s profits almost d................. from $15m last year to
$29m this year. 3. Taal’s share price r.................. fairly s.................... with no
dramatic changes. 4. There was a slight d..................... in the total transaction
volume, as investors are unwilling to trade now. 5. We predict that indexes will j.................. again tomorrow. 3. Wybierz poprawnà odpowiedê w ka˝dym ze zdaƒ. 1. BZK’s shares probably won’t (go up / decrease / plummet)
anymore – they are already overpriced. 2. There will be (an increase / a gain / a loss) in taxes next year. 3. Inflation has (risen / remained stable / declined) at 2.1% on
average over the past 12 months. 4. Investors are afraid that they might (gain / lose / drop) money 5. The minimum salary (will peak / will grow / will rise) to €900
if the bear market continues. in three years.
4. Wstaw other, the other lub another. 1. It appears that this will be ................. year without profits. 156
UNIT
25
2. Only TGI’s computers are still made in Germany –
.................... manufacturers have moved to Taiwan. 3. There are only two certain things in life – one is death, .........
is taxes. 4. His strategy didn’t work – we’ll have to look for ......... solution. 5. Unlike the plummeting shares of ................. banking
companies, Kagana plc declined by just 0.3%. 5. Wstaw little, a little, few lub a few. 1. There is ....... hope for improvement in the economy at the moment. 2. I have .................... questions about this plan. 3. ....................... people work for one company during their
whole life today. 4. I need ..................... more money to set up my own business. 5. Martin’s got ...................... interesting ideas for the new
advertising campaign – let’s listen to him.
Insider trading
Gra na gie∏dzie to nie tylko zyski, lecz tak˝e ryzyko strat. Czasem, dzi´ki informacji uzyskanej od zaufanych osób ze spó∏ki gie∏dowej, mo˝na szybko kupiç lub sprzedaç papiery wartoÊciowe tak, by zdà˝yç przed zmianà kursu na mniej korzystny. Praktyka ta nazywa si´ insider trading, jest nielegalna i wysoce nieetyczna. W Êrodowisku maklerów amerykaƒskich krà˝y dowcip o tym, jak makler wype∏nia kwestionariusz ubiegajàc si´ o nowà prac´. Na pytanie Have you ever been arrested? („Czy kiedykolwiek by∏ Pan aresztowany?”) odpowiada negatywnie, po czym w kolejnym punkcie – Why? („Dlaczego”) pisze: Never got caught (Nie z∏apali mnie jeszcze). Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1. 1 bull market 2 merger 3 index, high 4 dividend 5 shareholders, released 2. 1 plummeted, drop (decrease, decline) 2 doubled 3 remained fairly stable 4 decrease (decline) 5 jump 3. 1 go up 2 an increase 3 remained stable 4 lose 5 will rise 4. 1 another 2 other 3 the other 4 another 5 other 5. 1 little 2 a few 3 Few 4 a little 5 a few www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
157
26. Competition: No. 1 No. 1 is a Polish manufacturer of top quality men’s and women’s clothing accessories. Their strong market position is now threatened by NewStyle, an international textile brand, who have just announced their plans to expand into Poland. Hanna and Pawe∏, No. 1’s marketing executives, are talking about the appearance of the new competitor.
22
HANNA: PAWE¸:
HANNA:
PAWE¸:
HANNA: PAWE¸: HANNA: PAWE¸:
HANNA:
158
Pawe∏ – let’s face it. We’re in for a price war very soon and NewStyle might drive us out of the market. Price, price... Price isn’t the most important thing. Remember that we sell quality products, and already we’re successfully competing with other manufacturers. Doesn’t it worry you, then, that in each country NewStyle have entered so far, they swept away nearly all local manufacturers? Quality accessories manufacturers, mind you. They have strong bargaining power all right, but No. 1 is not a fly–by–night company either. Besides, NewStyle don’t sell any upper–shelf products, whereas for us they generate 80% of the revenue. Still, if they wanted to edge us out of business, it would be a piece of cake. What I mean is, we have to be prepared. Yes. NewStyle have trade agreements with every major clothes distributor in Western Europe. That’s not good. And in every shop where they placed their products, the sales of other brands went down by 50% on average. Hmm... We need to act quickly. How about making a splash with a new medium priced line of accessories? That way we’ll expand our customer base and protect ourselves from NewStyle’s aggressive marketing. A pre–emptive strike? I like the idea. Do you think we could...
UNIT
26
S∏ownictwoclothing accessories – dodatki do ubraƒ to threaten – zagra˝aç appearance – pojawienie si´ competitor – konkurent let’s face it – spójrzmy prawdzie w oczy we’re in for sth – czeka nas coÊ price war – wojna cenowa to drive sb out of the market – wyprzeç kogoÊ z rynku to compete – konkurowaç doesn’t it worry you... – a czy nie martwi ci´, ˝e... to sweep away sb – wymiataç kogoÊ (tu: z rynku)
bargaining power – „karta przetargowa” fly–by–night company – „firma–krzak” upper–shelf products – produkty z górnej pó∏ki to edge sb out of business – „wygryêç” kogoÊ z interesu a piece of cake – (dos∏.) „bu∏ka z mas∏em”, „pestka” to make a splash – zrobiç ha∏as wokó∏ czegoÊ customer base – klientela to protect – chroniç pre–emptive strike – „uderzenie wyprzedzajàce”
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówbenefits – korzyÊci competition – konkurencja; fierce ~ – zaci´ta konkurencja; stiff ~ – silna konkurencja; unfair ~ – nieuczciwa konkurencja; healthy ~ – zdrowa konkurencja; to fight off ~ – zwalczaç konkurencj´ competitive advantage – cecha wyró˝niajàca produkt lub firm´ od konkurencji to customize – dopasowaç do indywidualnych potrzeb to differentiate – odró˝niaç si´ to dominate – (z)dominowaç focus group – grupa focusowa monopolist – monopolista niche market – rynek niszowy to beat sb in sth – pobiç kogoÊ w czymÊ
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
159
Competition: No. 1
Jak to dzia∏a?Drugi tryb warunkowy Drugi tryb warunkowy wyra˝a sytuacje nieprawdziwe lub ma∏o prawdopodobne. Tworzymy go przy pomocy czasu Simple Past (do wyra˝enia warunku) oraz konstrukcji would + bezokolicznik (do wyra˝enia ewentualnego skutku). Porównaj:
If they wanted to edge us out of business, it would be a piece of cake. (Je˝eli chcieliby nas „wygryêç” z interesu, by∏aby to dla nich pestka.) – raczej nie majà takiego zamiaru. If they want to edge us out of business, it will be a piece of cake. (Je˝eli chcà nas „wygryêç” z interesu, b´dzie to dla nich pestka.) – najwyraêniej rzeczywiÊcie majà taki zamiar. Uwaga: po if cz´sto u˝ywamy formy were czasownika to be, nawet w pierwszej i trzeciej osobie liczby pojedynczej:
If I were rich, I would buy a Ferrari. (Gdybym by∏ bogaty, kupi∏bym Ferrari.)
each, every, all each („ka˝dy z osobna”) i every („ka˝dy z grupy”) u˝ywamy przed rzeczownikami w l. poj. w wi´kszoÊci wypadków bez wi´kszej ró˝nicy w znaczeniu:
– In each/every country NewStyle have entered... (W ka˝dym kraju, gdzie pojawi∏ si´ NewStyle...) – In each/every shop where they placed their products... (W ka˝dym sklepie, w którym umieÊcili swoje produkty...) przy dwóch osobach lub rzeczach u˝ywamy tylko each:
– He was holding suitcases with cash in each hand. (W ka˝dej r´ce mia∏ walizk´ z pieni´dzmi.) z practically, almost, nearly przed rzeczownikiem w l. poj. u˝ywamy tylko every:
– Nearly every person in the room spoke English. (Prawie ka˝dy w pokoju mówi∏ po angielsku.) 160
UNIT
26
przed okreÊleniami cz´stotliwoÊci w l. mn. u˝ywamy every: – The board meets every two weeks. (Zarzàd spotyka si´ co dwa
tygodnie.) przed rzeczownikami w l. mn. u˝ywamy all („wszyscy”) lub each of („ka˝dy z”):
– They swept away nearly all local manufacturers. („Wymietli” prawie wszystkich lokalnych producentów.) – Each of the participants got a certificate. (Ka˝dy z uczestników otrzyma∏ certyfikat.)
Wyra˝enia potoczne z czasownikiem be: We are in for a price war. (Czeka nas wojna cenowa.) I am in with the manager. (Jestem w Êwietnych stosunkach z szefem.) Plain, conservative suits are in again. (Proste, klasyczne garnitury znów sà w modzie.) He’s been into industrial psychology for years. (Interesowa∏ si´ psychologià pracy od lat.) Martin is not up for new challenges. (Martin nie jest przygotowany na nowe wyzwania.) It’s up to you. (Decyzja nale˝y do ciebie.) I was about to leave. (W∏aÊnie mia∏em wyjÊç.)
åwiczenia1. Uzupe∏nij luki wyra˝eniami z ramki.
competitive price war
customer base sweep
niche market unfair upper–shelf
1. The two companies were involved in a ....................., each
trying to sell cheaper than the other. 2. Vegetarian restaurants are still a ..................... in Poland –
there aren’t many of them yet here. www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
161
Competition: No. 1
3. If Zanzaco enters Hungary, they will ..................... away local 4. AP Telecom was fined €3m for ........................ competition. 5. Swiss watches, expensive perfumes and luxury cars are
companies.
........................ products. 6. The appearance of A4 will force other telecommunication companies to be more ........................ . 7. Emdi’s acquisition of Beez Ltd will help them to expand their ............................ . 2. Dopasuj fragmenty 1–5 do a–e, aby utworzyç sensowne wypowiedzi. 1. If 2. If 3. If 4. If 5. If
I accepted their job offer, they asked for details, a third company entered the market, we invested in the Asian market, ANG moved to China,
a. my boss would be very angry that I’m leaving. b. about five thousand workers would lose their jobs. c. the near–monopoly of Alpha and Beta would be broken. d. we would have to admit that we don’t know. e. the annual gains would be no lower than 30%. 3. Uzupe∏nij luki w zdaniach odpowiednimi formami czasowników w nawiasach tak, by powsta∏y zdania w drugim trybie warunkowym. 1. I ..................... (employ) more people if labour costs
.................. (be) lower. 2. If they .................... (work) harder, they .................... (earn)
more money. 3. Perhaps we .................... (make) a deal if they ...................
(agree) to lower the price. 4. If my mobile phone ..................... (be stolen), I ..................
(lose) all my customer contacts. 5. I ................... (be able) to get a better–paid job if I ...............
(speak) fluent English. 162
UNIT
26
4. Each, each of, every czy all? 1. The boss congratulated .................. the employees separately. 2. Nearly ................... company today has a website. 3. The reports should be submitted .................. two weeks. 4. There were cars parked on ................ side of the street. 5. ............... employee in our company had to undergo a training
on company culture. 6. ................ our sales representatives have company laptops. 5. Wstaw w luki czasownik be w odpowiednim czasie wraz z przyimkami. 1. I ............... new trends in marketing – it’s really fascinating. 2. It ................. him to take the final decision. 3. The Bahamas .......... again as the most stylish holiday destination. 4. I ................. call my boss, when he entered the office. 5. I used to ................. the previous HR director, but the new one
doesn’t like me at all. 6. I have to ................. work 10 hours a day or else they won’t
give me the job. If...
Co robiç w pracy? Zale˝y, co si´ dzieje :–) T∏umaczenie w kluczu. 5. If it’s the boss, look busy. 1. If it rings, put it on hold. 6. If it talks, take notes. 2. If it clanks, call the repairman. 7. If it’s handwritten, type it. 3. If it whistles, ignore it. 8. if it’s typed, copy it. 4. If it’s a friend, stop work and chat. 9. If it’s copied, file it. 10. If it’s Friday, forget it! Klucz do çwiczeƒ1. 1 price war 2 niche market 3 sweep 4 unfair 5 upper–shelf 6 competitive 7 customer base 2. 1a 2d 3c 4e 5b 3. 1 would employ, were 2 worked, would earn 3 would make, agreed 4 were/was stolen, would lose 5 would be able, spoke 4. 1 each of 2 every 3 every 4 each 5 every/each 6 all 5. 1 am into 2 is up to 3 are in 4 was about to 5 be in with 6 be up for If... 1 JeÊli to telefon, niech zaczeka 2 JeÊli brz´czy – zawo∏aj mechania 3 JeÊli gwi˝d˝e – gwi˝d˝ na to 4 JeÊli to znajomy – przerwij prac´ i pogadaj 5 JeÊli to szef – wyglàdaj na zaj´tego 6 JeÊli si´ mówi – rób notatki 7 JeÊli jest to napisane r´cznie – przepisz na maszynie 8 JeÊli jest napisane na maszynie – skopiuj 9 JeÊli jest skopiowane – w∏ó˝ do segregatora 10 JeÊli jest piàtek – daj sobie spokój! www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
163
27. E–commerce: Trendy T’s online PRESENTER: Hello and welcome to this edition of Your Turn, a
23
programme where entrepreneurs talk about their ideas for business. Our guest today is Lee, a fashion designer who decided to start selling his designs online. Lee, we’d like to know more about how you run your e–business. LEE: Sure. We’re like any other boutique. Our customers can easily access the on–line catalogue where they browse through the items we offer and put those they want to buy in a virtual shopping cart. Once they’re done, they log in to their account and proceed with payment... PRESENTER: Oh, yes – I was wondering if on–line transactions are really secure. I mean, personally, I’d be afraid to reveal my credit card number on the Internet... LEE: It’s absolutely safe. Card transactions are processed by a specialized company so fraud is practically a non–issue. PRESENTER: And what if the customer gets his or her order and it turns out the T–shirt doesn’t fit or something else? LEE: Yeah, that is indeed what puts very many people off from buying clothes online. Our customers can return the goods within 14 days from purchase for any reason. PRESENTER: All right, so tell us how you encourage them to go online and buy from you? Is Internet advertising much different from advertising in other media? LEE: I’d say it’s more or less the same. There are no hoardings or TV–commercials, but there are banners and short movie clips which can be played in pop–up windows. The problem is that such ads are perceived as being even more annoying than spam, so we must...
S∏ownictwoentrepreneur – przedsi´biorca fashion designer – projektant mody 164
to access the on–line catalogue – uzyskaç dost´p do katalogu online to browse – przeglàdaç
UNIT
virtual shopping cart – wirtualny koszyk na zakupy Once they’re done – kiedy skoƒczà (przeglàdaç katalog) to log in – zalogowaç si´ account – konto payment – p∏atnoÊç secure – bezpieczne I’d be afraid to reveal my credit card number – Ba∏abym si´ ujawniaç numer mojej karty kredytowej to process – przetwarzaç, obs∏ugiwaç fraud is practically a non–issue – oszustwo jest praktycznie wykluczone it turns out that – okazuje si´, ˝e
27
indeed – w rzeczy samej it puts people off from buying – to zniech´ca ludzi do kupowania purchase – zakup encourage – zach´caç more or less– mniej wi´cej the same – tak samo, taki sam hoardings (AmE billboards) – billboardy TV–commercials – reklamy telewizyjne banners – bannery short movie clips – krótkie klipy wideo pop–up windows – okienka wyskakujàce na ekranie annoying – denerwujàce
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówauthentication – autoryzacja broadband / dial–up connection – ∏àcze szerokopasmowe / modemowe data storage – przechowywanie danych database – baza danych date of expiry – data wygaÊni´cia wa˝noÊci (konta, karty) digital signature – podpis cyfrowy to download – pobieraç informacje, „Êciàgaç” pliki encryption – kodowanie file – plik homepage – strona g∏ówna international delivery – dostawa mi´dzynarodowa Internet Service Provider (ISP) – dostawca us∏ug internetowych to link – ∏àczyç password – has∏o www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
165
E – c o m m e r c e : Tr e n d y T ’ s o n l i n e
shipping and handling fee – op∏ata za pakowanie i transport server – serwer subscription – abonament user name – nazwa u˝ytkownika
Jak to dzia∏a?Zwroty poprzedzajàce pytania Zadawane pytania mo˝emy poprzedziç zwrotami typu Could you tell me...? („Czy móg∏by mi pan powiedzieç...”), I’d like to know... („Chcia∏bym wiedzieç...”), po których wyst´puje szyk zdania oznajmujàcego, nie pytajàcego:
We’d like to know more about how you run your e–business – nie: how do you run (ChcielibyÊmy si´ dowiedzieç, jak prowadzisz swój e–biznes). All right, so tell us how you encourage people to buy from you – nie: how do you encourage (No dobrze, a powiedz nam, jak zach´casz ludzi, by kupowali u ciebie.) Mo˝emy u˝yç s∏ówek if oraz whether w znaczeniu „czy”:
I was wondering if (whether) on–line transactions are really secure. (Zastanawia∏am si´, czy transakcje on–line sà naprawd´ bezpieczne.)
Akcentowanie kwestii Wiele zdaƒ mo˝emy rozpoczàç zwrotami, które podkreÊlà znaczenie jakiejÊ kwestii, osoby lub zdarzenia:
That is what puts very many people off from buying on–line. (To w∏aÊnie zniech´ca wielu ludzi do zakupów on–line.) The problem is such ads are perceived even more annoying than spam. (Problem w tym, ˝e takie reklamy sà odbierane jako jeszcze bardziej irytujàce ni˝ spam.) It is Lee who is responsible for day–to–day management. (To Lee zajmuje si´ zarzàdzaniem na co dzieƒ.) 166
UNIT
27
It is the lack of good consumer service that chiefly disturbs visitors to our website. (To brak dobrej obs∏ugi klienta najcz´Êciej przeszkadza odwiedzajàcym naszà stron´.) Po niektórych tego typu zwrotach wyst´puje zamiana miejscami podmiotu i operatora. Oto najcz´stsze zwroty tego rodzaju:
Not only did he work as a fashion designer, but he was a successful entrepreneur as well. (Nie tylko pracowa∏ jako projektant mody, lecz by∏ tak˝e przedsi´biorcà, który odniós∏ sukces.) Under no circumstances would he reveal his trade secrets. (W ˝adnych okolicznoÊciach nie zdradzi∏by swoich sekretów handlowych.) Rarely are their prices higher than €100 per any one item. (Rzadko ich ceny sà wy˝sze ni˝ €100.) No sooner had he launched his e–store than his competitors followed suit. (Jak tylko uruchomi∏ swój e–sklep, jego konkurenci od razu zrobili to samo.)
åwiczenia1.
Uzupe∏nij luki w zdaniach wyrazami z ramki.
processed download
subscription access file digital signature expired
account browse
1. Oh no! My e–mail ................... ...................... because I
forgot to pay for my ......................... on time! Now all my e–mails are lost! 2. To .................... the on–line catalogue, simply click on ’e–shop’ on the homepage. 3. All orders placed on this website are ................. within 3 hours and despatched as soon as possible. 4. If you do not want to ............... the catalogue on–line, you can ............ it as a PDF .............. and print it out or save to disk. 5. Our company issues electronic invoices which are protected by a special ........................ . www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
167
E – c o m m e r c e : Tr e n d y T ’ s o n l i n e
2. Dopasuj definicje 1–5 do wyra˝eƒ a–e. 1. a secret code to access e.g. your e–mail account 2. a link between your computer and the Internet over a telephone line 3. small graphic element containing an advert 4. converting the message into a secret code 5. any collection of data, e.g. a shop catalogue a. encryption b. dial–up connection c. database
d. password e. banner
3. Dokoƒcz poni˝sze przekszta∏cenia zdaƒ. 1. Can I pay with VISA Electron on this website?
I wonder ............................................................................ . 2. How much do you charge for an e–mail account?
I’d like to know .................................................................. . 3. Are there many people who buy clothes on–line?
Does anyone know ............................................................. ? 4. What is the least expensive e–bookshop?
Can you tell me ................................................................. ? 5. When will they launch their new homepage?
Can you remember ..............................................................? 4. Dokoƒcz poni˝sze zdania tak, by po∏o˝yç nacisk na wskazane elemnty. 1. Internet shops attract many people because of low prices.
It is low prices ........................................................ as well . 2. He is a web designer. He is also a successful company owner.
Not only ............................................................................. . 3. You shouldn’t use your credit card PIN code on the Internet.
Under no circumstances ...................................................... . 4. Our customers sometimes return what they bought, but not often.
Rarely ................................................................................ . 5. Peter is in charge of website security.
It is Peter ........................................................................... . 168
UNIT
27
5. W ka˝dym z poni˝szych zdaƒ jest jeden b∏àd. Znajdê go i popraw. 1. I like to know who I should get in touch with. 2. Tell me what did you buy online in the last 3 months. 3. Under no circumstances I will reveal my credit card number on
the Internet. 4. Only do they sell computers, but they manufacture them as
well. 5. It is the fast delivery who is the most important thing for many
of our customers.
FunUSB.com
W Internecie mamy mo˝liwoÊç zakupu ró˝nego rodzaju off–beat gadgets (gad˝etów–dziwolàgów), które trudno sprzedaç w tradycyjny sposób w sklepie. Na stronie www.funusb.com znajduje si´ przeglàd najoryginalniejszych urzàdzeƒ, które mo˝emy pod∏àczyç do komputerowego portu USB: USB heating seat pad (podgrzewana poduszka do siedzenia), USB noodle strainer (sitko do makaronu), USB pencil sharpener (temperówka do o∏ówków), USB air darts (biurowe mini–rakiety powietrzne – zestaw zawiera obrotowà wyrzutni´ i software do kontroli kàta nachylenia i si∏y wystrza∏u), USB ashtray (popielniczka – zasysa i filtruje dym z papierosa), heated USB gloves and slippers (podgrzewane r´kawiczki i kapcie) i inne równie ciekawe akcesoria. Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1. 1 account, expired, subscription 2 access 3 processed 4 browse, download, file 5 digital signature 2. 1 d 2 b 3 e 4 a 5 c 3. 1 if I can pay with VISA Electron on this website 2 how much you charge for an e–mail account 3 if there are many people who buy clothes online 4 what the least expensive e–bookshop is 5 when they will launch their new homepage? 4. 1 that attract many people to Internet shops. 2 is he a web designer, but a successful company owner. 3 should you use your credit card PIN code on the Internet 4 do our customers return what they bought 5 who is in charge of website security 5. 1 I’d like to know... 2 Tell me what you bought online... 3 Under no circumstances will I reveal ... 4 Not only do they sell... 5 It is the fast delivery that is www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
169
28. Law: the old witch Micha∏ works for a law firm in Poznaƒ. He’s just had a heated argument with his boss, who accused him of losing a case that was hopeless anyway. When he was leaving her office, she also hurled a few insults at him that were heard by his client. Micha∏ is now talking to his colleague about the incident.
24
MICHA¸: This is unbearable. She is completely ignorant about
ANDRZEJ: MICHA¸: ANDRZEJ: MICHA¸: ANDRZEJ:
MICHA¸:
ANDRZEJ: MICHA¸: ANDRZEJ:
criminal law and cannot even set out arguments in a coherent way. What did she tell you exactly? She said that I had overlooked an important piece of evidence in court. The point is, it was completely irrelevant. I had the same problem with her a month ago. When I tried to explain one of my cases, she said I was ranting at her. The old witch. She’s got inferiority complex. You’d better keep that to yourself. Marek once ridiculed her behind her back, but she somehow got to know about it. The following day, she threatened to sack Marek if he didn’t accept a pay cut. She’s a tyrant who cannot tell the difference between an employee and a slave. If she goes on like this, the police will charge her with mobbing one day! Well, there isn’t much you can do, is there? You won’t go on strike. It’s pointless trying to change her. I’m going to find a job with someone else. Micha∏... how about a small rebellion? Let everybody hand in their notices on the same day, then we’ll steal as many clients as possible, and set up our own law firm?
S∏ownictwolaw firm – kancelaria prawna heated argument – burzliwa k∏ótnia 170
to accuse sb of sth– oskar˝yç kogoÊ o coÊ case – tu: sprawa sàdowa
UNIT
to hurl insults at sb – rzucaç na kogoÊ obelgi unbearable – nie do zniesienia criminal law – prawo karne to set out sth – przedstawiç coÊ in a coherent way – spójnie to overlook – przeoczyç evidence – dowód court – sàd irrelevant – bez zwiàzku to rant at sb – ubli˝aç komuÊ witch – wiedêma inferiority complex – kompleks ni˝szoÊci
28
You’d better keep that to yourself – Lepiej zachowaj to dla siebie to ridicule sb – wyÊmiaç kogoÊ to threaten – zagroziç to sack sb – wyrzuciç kogoÊ z pracy pay cut – obni˝ka pensji tyrant – tyran slave – niewolnik to charge sb with sth – oskar˝yç kogoÊ o coÊ to go on strike – zastrajkowaç to hand in notice – wr´czyç wymówienie to set up – za∏o˝yç (firm´)
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówPRAWO I SÑDY:
code – kodeks; labour ~ – kodeks pracy; criminal ~ – kodeks karny counsel – adwokat; ~ for the prosecution – oskar˝yciel; ~ for the defence – obroƒca defendant – oskar˝ony (w sprawie karnej), pozwany (w sprawie cywilnej) law – prawo; to break the ~ – z∏amaç prawo; to stay within the ~ – dzia∏aç zgodnie z prawem; prohibited by ~ – prawnie zabronione; required by ~ – wymagane przez prawo; judge – s´dzia prosecutor – prokurator plaintiff – powód (w sprawie cywilnej) trial – proces, rozprawa to sentence sb – skazaç kogoÊ to sue sb for sth – pozwaç kogoÊ za coÊ verdict – werdykt witness – Êwiadek www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
171
Law: the old witch
Jak to dzia∏a?Przytaczanie cudzych wypowiedzi Aby przytoczyç czyjeÊ s∏owa wypowiedziane wczeÊniej, mo˝emy pos∏u˝yç si´ zwrotem He (she) said / told me that, po którym najcz´Êciej wyst´puje czasownik w odpowiednim czasie przesz∏ym:
You overlooked an important piece of evidence. + She said that I had overlooked an important piece of evidence. (Powiedzia∏a, ˝e przeoczy∏em wa˝ny dowód.) You are ranting at me.
I will leave
+
+
She said that I was ranting at her. (Powiedzia∏a, ˝e jej ubli˝am.)
He told me that he would leave. (Powiedzia∏ mi, ˝e odejdzie.)
Nale˝y pami´taç o zmianie czasów zgodnie z zasadà „krok do ty∏u”: Present Simple (He works) + Past Simple (He worked) Pres. Cont. (He is working) + Past Cont. (He was working) Pres. Perfect (He has worked) + Past Perfect (He had worked) Past Simple (He worked) + Past Perfect (He had worked) will (He will work) + would (He would work) W pytaniach stosujemy s∏owo ask oraz szyk zdania oznajmujàcego:
Where do you work?
He asked where I worked. (Zapyta∏, gdzie pracuj´.) – nie: where did I work. Do you know Mr Andrews? + He asked if I knew Mr Andrews. (Zapyta∏, czy znam pana Andrews.) +
Oprócz say, tell i ask mo˝emy u˝yç innych czasowników, w zale˝noÊci od znaczenia wypowiedzi:
I will sack Marek! + She threatened to sack Marek. (Zagrozi∏a, ˝e wyrzuci Marka z pracy.)
172
UNIT
I’ll do it
+
28
He promised to do it. (Obieca∏ to zrobiç.)
Please send that report. + She wanted me to send that report. (Chcia∏a, ˝ebym wys∏a∏ ten raport.) Let’s ask the boss. + She suggested that we (should) ask the boss. (Zaproponowa∏a, ˝ebyÊmy zapytali szefa.)
Czasownik set She can not even set out arguments in a coherent way. (Ona nawet nie potrafi przedstawiç spójnie argumentów.) Let’s set up our own law firm. (Za∏ó˝my w∏asnà kancelari´.) He set about the difficult task of restructuring the company. (Zabra∏ si´ za trudne zadanie restrukturyzacji firmy.) They set aside some money in the budget for travel. (Zarezerwowali troch´ pieni´dzy w bud˝ecie na podró˝e.) The government set down detailed tender regulations. (Rzàd ustali∏ szczegó∏owe zasady przetargów.)
åwiczenia1. Uzupe∏nij luki. Wstaw s∏owa z ramki.
labour code charged with
breaking trial witnesses evidence go on strike
1. The manager was arrested and ................... mobbing. 2. Everybody agreed that it was an unfair ................... – the
judge refused to hear the three ................... who were present at the scene of crime. 3. Forcing employees to work overtime is forbidden by the .......................... . 4. If the management refuses to increase our salaries, we may ..................... . www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
173
Law: the old witch
5. The ........................ that he presented in court was found to
be fake. 6. He was accused of .................... the law. 2. Dopasuj fragmenty 1–5 do a–e, aby utworzyç sensowne wypowiedzi. 1. After the interview, the HR director said that 2. During the negotiations, she promised 3. I asked the new employee 4. The sales assistant told me that 5. When she asked me about John, I told her that a. to deliver the goods within 30 days. b. I would have to wait 14 days for the goods to arrive. c. none of the candidates had the necessary qualifications. d. he was waiting for her in his office. e. how long he had worked in his previous job. 3. Dokoƒcz wypowiedzi tak, by znaczy∏y to samo. 1. Where were you yesterday?
He ........... me .......................................... the previous day. 2. She will show you our premises
He ......... that ................................................................... . 3. I am writing a memo.
She ........... that ................................................................. . 4. How about hiring new employees?
The manager .......... that ................................................. . 5. Please call them about 4 p.m.
She ............. me to ............................................................ . 6. Do you work with Mr Falvey?
He ............. me ................................................................. . 7. I will sue you for stealing!
She ............. to .................................................................. . 8. I’ll call you back as soon as I can.
She .............. to ................................................................. .
174
UNIT
28
9. I’ve replied to 10 emails so far.
He ................ that ............................................................. . 4. Uzupe∏nij luki czasownikiem set wraz z odpowiednim przyimkiem. 1. It would be good to ............. some money for unforeseen
expenses. 2. Next year, I’m going to ............... my own company. 3. He finds it difficult to ............... precisely what he wants
to do. 4. New payment terms will be .............. in the contract. 5. They ............... preparing the conference.
He threatened, she threatened...
Ostatnia lekcja w naszej ksià˝eczce b´dzie wiàzaç si´ z „j´zykowà poprawnoÊcià” dotyczàcà obecnoÊci obu p∏ci w ró˝nych zawodach. W kontekÊcie „szefowej–wiedêmy”, ciekawie wyglàdajà statystyki u˝ycia s∏owa threaten (groziç komuÊ) w stosunku do m´˝czyzn i kobiet. Wyszukiwarka internetowa zwraca prawie 600 tys. adresów zawierajàcych wyra˝enie he threatened to („on zagrozi∏, ˝e...”) oraz nieco ponad 160 tys. z wyra˝eniem she threatened that („ona zagrozi∏a, ˝e...”). Zwrot he threatened that wyst´puje ok. 25 tys. razy, podczas gdy she threatened that ... ma tylko 500 adresów. Klucz do çwiczeƒ 1 1 charged with 2 trial, witnesses 3 labour code 4 go on strike 5 evidence 6 breaking 2 1c 2a 3e 4b 5d 3 1 He asked me where I had been the previous day 2 He said that she would show me their premises 3 She said that she was writing a memo 4 The manager suggested that we (should) hire new employees. 5 She asked/wanted/told me to call her about 4 p.m. 6 He asked me if I worked with Mr Falvey. 7 She threatened to sue me for stealing 8 She promised to call me back as soon as she could. 9 He said that he had replied to 10 emails so far. 4 1 set aside 2 set up 3 set out 4 set down 5 set about www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
175
29. Ethics: Elephants in the room Many businesses, especially big multinationals, have been accused of unethical behaviour. Illegal or unfair trade practices, bribery or worker exploitation have been taboos for a long time. Even today companies and governments in some parts of the world will not admit that there is an elephant in the room.
25
Companies, unlike charities or NGO’s, are profit–oriented, which boils down to the highest possible revenue at the lowest possible cost. Nevertheless, big players always have better bargaining power than small enterprises, which can lead to abuse. In a typical manufacturing chain, a wholesaler and a retailer, the bigger and stronger of the two can dictate conditions, sometimes unfavourable, to the smaller and weaker party. A supermarket chain, for example, may take advantage of its size to demand the lowest prices from a local wholesaler, or even refuse to pay on time, leaving the latter with minimal profit or a liquidity crisis. Employees are also sometimes affected by their employer’s unlawful practices such as underpaying and working overtime without compensation. In some countries there are also serious discrimination problems. Women, disabled people, religious and sexual minorities and others are subject to various forms of harassment. As people become more sensitive to the issues of equality and ’political correctness’, companies have started to eliminate the practices that are considered harmful. Many businesses today, for example, would use gender–neutral language when they advertise a position; something that nobody used to care about until the late 1980s. In Europe and the United States, strict legal regulations together with investors’ and consumers’ demand for transparency have forced most of the corporations to adopt codes of good practice. These documents define in detail what is allowed and what is not, and ensure that ethical standards are obeyed. 176
UNIT
29
S∏ownictwounethical behaviour – nieetyczne post´powanie bribery – ∏apówkarstwo worker exploitation – wykorzystywanie robotników government – rzàd elephant in the room – (przen.) problem, który ka˝dy widzi, a nikt o nim nie mówi profit–oriented – zorientowane na zysk boils down to – sprowadza si´ do abuse – nadu˝ycie chain – ∏aƒcuch, sieç to take advantage of sth – wykorzystaç coÊ liquidity crisis – kryzys p∏ynnoÊci finansowej compensation – wynagrodzenie
disabled people – niepe∏nosprawni minorities – mniejszoÊci be subject to sth – byç nara˝onym na coÊ harassment – przeÊladowanie, molestowanie sensitive – wyczuleni equality – równoÊç political correctness – poprawnoÊç polityczna harmful – szkodliwe gender–neutral language – j´zyk neutralny strict legal regulations – surowe przepisy transparency – przezroczystoÊç, uczciwe zasady code of good practice – kodeks dobrych praktyk
Wi´cej s∏ówek i zwrotówbreach of contract – z∏amanie umowy counterfeiting – produkcja podróbek credit card fraud – oszustwo z u˝yciem karty kredytowej embezzlement – defraudacja powierzonych Êrodków infringement of copyright – naruszenie praw autorskich money laundering – pranie brudnych pieni´dzy perjury – krzywoprzysi´stwo price fixing – zmowa cenowa racketeering – wymuszanie okupu tax fraud – oszustwo podatkowe
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
177
Ethics: Elephants in the room
Jak to dzia∏a?J´zyk neutralny PoprawnoÊç polityczna i stosowanie wolnego od seksistowskich podtekstów j´zyka sà bardzo wa˝ne w Êwiecie anglosaskim, zw∏aszcza w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Niemal wszystkie uniwersytety, jednostki rzàdowe oraz korporacje muszà obowiàzkowo u˝ywaç tylko neutralnych form:
U˝ycie they w znaczeniu liczby pojedyƒczej zamiast zaimków he/she, his/her, him/her, himself/herself:
– I’ll talk to a consultant but I don’t know if they will help. (Porozmawiam z konsultantem/kà, ale nie wiem, czy on/ona mi pomo˝e.) – Anyone who fails to pay their taxes will be prosecuted. (Ka˝dy, kto nie zap∏aci swoich podatków, b´dzie oskar˝ony.) – If you find someone fit for this job, tell them to apply. (JeÊli znajdziesz kogoÊ do tej pracy, powiedz mu/jej, by si´ zg∏osi∏/a.) – An employee must buy fuel for their company car themself. (Pracownik musi sam kupiç benzyn´ do swojego firmowego samochodu.) Zaimek themself jest sztucznie stworzonà (w odró˝nieniu od naturalnej formy themselves w l. mn.) neutralnà formà himself / herself. Z tego powodu niektórzy native speakerzy odbierajà jego u˝ycie jako przesad´ w poprawnoÊci politycznej.
Liczba mnoga zamiast zaimków
Employees must buy fuel for their company cars themselves. (Pracownicy muszà sami kupowaç benzyn´ do swoich firmowych samochodów.)
178
UNIT
29
Nazwy zawodów formy nacechowane
formy neutralne
chairman
the chair, president
przewodniczàcy/a
businessman/woman business executive
biznesmen/woman
clergyman*
osoba duchowna
priest, minister, ...
fireman
fire–fighter
stra˝ak
postman
postal worker
listonosz/ka
manpower
workforce
za∏oga
policeman/woman
police officer
policjant/ka
salesman
sales representative sales assistant
handlowiec
steward, stewardess
flight attendant
steward/essa
* w wyznaniach, gdzie osobami duchownymi mogà byç kobiety, u˝ywa si´ po prostu nazwy funkcji. Uwaga! priest to ksiàdz katolicki, natomiast pastor lub minister – protestancki.
Idiomy w j´zyku biznesowym They would not admit that there is an elephant in the room. (Nie sà sk∏onni przyznaç, ˝e istnieje problem, który ka˝dy widzi, a nikt o nim nie mówi.) – dos∏. „w pokoju jest s∏oƒ”. XYZ has been cooking the books for years. Their statements were nothing but window dressing. (XYZ fa∏szowa∏o www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
179
Ethics: Elephants in the room
sprawozdania finansowe od lat. Ich sprawozdania to mydlenie oczu.) – dos∏. „gotowanie ksiàg” i „dekorowanie wystaw”. Ordinary employees earn hundreds of times less than fat cats in the management. (Zwykli pracownicy zarabiajà stokrotnie mniej ni˝ grube ryby w zarzàdzie.) – dos∏. „grube koty”. Heads will roll if this report leaks out to the press. (Polecà g∏owy, jeÊli ten raport wycieknie do prasy.) I’m sure it’ll sell like hotcakes. (Jestem pewny, ˝e to b´dzie si´ sprzedawaç jak Êwie˝e bu∏eczki.) – dos∏. jak „goràce ciastka”. IT companies often use hard sell on their customers. (Firmy IT cz´sto stosujà agresywnà sprzeda˝ wobec klientów.) He worked down to the wire on that project. (Pracowa∏ nad tym pomys∏em do ostatniej chwili.) He had his hand in the till for 3 years and ran away with $3m! (Podkrada∏ pieniàdze przez 3 lata i uciek∏ z 3 mln dolarów!) – dos∏. „trzyma∏ r´k´ w kasie”. The boss was in the dark about the problem. (Szef nic nie wiedzia∏ o problemie.) – dos∏. „by∏ w ciemnoÊciach”.
åwiczenia1. Po∏àcz opisy przest´pstw 1–6 z ich nazwami a–f. 1. He’s had his hand in the till for years, but nobody found out
about that yet. 2. Officially, they had casinos and restaurants, but the gang’s
fortune came from drug dealing. 180
UNIT
29
3. The retailer was found to be selling fake clothes of well–known
international brands. 4. He lied in the court, but there witnesses who told the truth. 5. All taxi drivers in town agreed secretly that they would not
charge less than 3 EUR per kilometre. 6. A high–ranking official was sentenced to 5 years in prison for
accepting money from businesses. a. money laundering b. price fixing c. bribery
d. embezzlement e. counterfeiting f. perjury
2. Wstaw s∏owa z ramki w luki.
harassment frauds
take advantage breach
sensitive charities
1. The Ministry of Finance has declared war on tax ................ . 2. Abaco was sued by Cobaba for ................. of contract. 3. Many companies want to be seen as ethical and give money to
various ........................ . 4. Managers often .................... of their position in the company
and set very strict rules for their employees. 5. Any attempts of sexual ........................ will result in an
instant dismissal on disciplinary grounds. 6. The management is very ..................... to political correctness.
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
181
Ethics: Elephants in the room
3.
Popraw poni˝sze zdania tak, by ich j´zyk by∏ neutralny. 1. I’ll ask a salesman to contact you and he’ll tell you what to do. 2. Any employee who wants information about his performance
should write to the chairman. 3. Every businessman should learn himself what is ethical and what is not. 4. BlizzAir have very unpleasant stewardesses. 5. A policeman will stop you if he sees that you’re diving too fast. 6. I’ll talk to the postman and tell him that I don’t want any leaflets in my mail box.
4. Wstaw odpowiednie wyra˝enia idiomatyczne w luki. 1. The new machine will certainly ............................. – we
already have plenty of orders. 2. The manager was furious yesterday about the team missing the
deadline. I’m sure that ....................................... now. 3. Sexual harassment is ................................ for this company,
because everybody is afraid of losing their jobs. 4. The shareholders ............................... about the
management’s illegal operations. 5. I wouldn’t trust these figures at all. Everybody knows that their
accountants have been .................................. . 6. I really hate the ........... that they make – they’re so aggressive! 7. There is still plenty of work to do and so little time! I’m afraid
we’ll have to .............................. .
182
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
183
1 1d 2a 3e 4f 5b 6c 2 1 frauds 2 breach 3 charities 4 take advantage 5 harassment 6 sensitive 3 1 salesman sales assistant, he they 2 his their, chairman, president LUB: Employees who want... to the president 3 businessman business executive, himself themself LUB: Business executives should learn themselves... 4 stewardesses flight attendants 5 policeman police officer, he they 6 postman postal worker, him them. 4 1 sell like hot / cakes 2 heads will roll 3 an elephant in the room 4 were in the dark 5 cooking the books 6 hard sell 7 work down the wire Best wishes... Prosimy niezobowiàzujàco przyjàç nasze najlepsze ˝yczenia na nadchodzàce ekologicznie Êwiadome, spo∏ecznie odpowiedzialne, politycznie poprawne, bezstresowe, nieuzale˝niajàce, neutralne pod wzgl´dem p∏ci Êwi´ta przesilenia zimowego, obchodzonego w ramach najbardziej zaszczytnych tradycji wybranego przez Paƒstwa wyznania religijnego, bàdê te˝ Êwieckich praktyk, z nale˝nym szacunkiem dla religijnych/Êwieckich Êwiatopoglàdów i/lub tradycji innych osób, bàdê te˝ ich wyboru nie praktykowania ˝adnych religijnych bàdê Êwieckich tradycji. ˚yczymy Paƒstwu finansowo udanego, dajàcego satysfakcj´ w ˝yciu osobistym oraz medycznie bezproblemowego czasu nastania ogólnie przyj´tego roku kalendarzowego 2005, z nale˝nym szacunkiem dla kalendarzy innych kultur lub wyznaƒ, oraz z uwzgl´dnieniem Paƒstwa rasy, wyznania, koloru skóry, wieku, zdolnoÊci fizycznych, wybranej platformy komputerowej bàdê te˝ orientacji seksualnej.
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
Please accept without obligation, our best wishes for an environmentally conscious, socially responsible, politically correct, low stress, non–addictive, gender neutral, celebration of the winter solstice holiday, practised within the most enjoyable traditions of the religious persuasion of your choice, or secular practices of your choice, with respect for the religious/secular persuasions and/or traditions of others, or their choice not to practice religious or secular traditions at all. We wish you a financially successful, personally fulfilling and medically uncomplicated recognition of the onset of the generally accepted calendar year 2005, but with due respect for the calendars of choice of other cultures or sects, and having regard to the your race, creed, colour, age, physical ability, choice of computer platform or sexual preference. Oto modelowe politycznie poprawne ˝yczenia Êwiàteczne. T∏umaczenie w kluczu :) Best wishes... UNIT
29
30. Progress check Sprawdê si´! 1. U∏ó˝ zdania z podanych wyrazów.
1. stable/four/has/inflation/fairly/remained/over/the/years./past 2. shareholders./a/only/pay out/to/few/will/banks/dividends/their 3. opened/in/have to/office/staff./we/if/more/would/Berlin/employ/an/we 4. team./in/other/manager/e–commerce/into/is/the/just/his/like/people 5. John/marketing./who/is/is/in/it/of/charge 6. interviewer/accounting./if/done/I/asked/the/course/had/a/in 7. hours./staff/he/that/have to/longer/work/would/said/all 8. wire/worked/deadline./they/down/the/the/meet/to/to 2. Test. Wybierz w∏aÊciwà odpowiedê. 1. The monthly turnover has
.................. slightly from €10.4m to €10.9m. a. increased b. plummeted c. stabilized d. decreased
5. ............ directors report
directly to the CEO. a. Every b. All c. Each d. Each of 6. When Ocean Corp. enters
2. There are two big players in
the IT sector – one is Alpha Co., ............. is Gear Inc. a. other b. another c. the other d. others 3. ...... people are interested in this
training because it’s so boring. a. A few b. A little c. Few d. Little
Poland, we ............. a very tough competition. a. will be into b. will be in c. will be in for d. will be about to 7. Tell me again, what ........... . a. do these figures mean b. these figures mean c. mean these figures d. these figures means
4. If we ................... the money
in the Asian market, it would bring 30% return. a. invested b. was invested c. would invest d. will invest
184
8. Not only ............. triple our
sales, but we also drove the competition out of the market. a. we did b. did we c. we d. did
UNIT 9. ........... Ms. Andrews who is
responsible for keeping the books, not me! a. It is b. Is it c. She is d. There is 10. They said that they ..............
the contract. Three months later, they did it! a. terminated b. terminate c. will d. would terminate terminate
3. Krzy˝ówka. 1. Akcjonariusz (amer.) 2. Increase two times. 3. Sexual .......... 4. Keep
30
11. Even though he had my CV,
he asked where ......... before. a. did I work b. I had worked c. I was working d. I worked 12. I am thinking about setting
........... my own business. a. down b. aside c. up d. about 13. Every employee should wear
a badge with .......... name. a. his b. themself c. them d. their 1 2 3
something 4 or someone safe. 5 5. When one company 6 buys another. 6. Konto. 8 7. Without connection or relevance. 10 8. Trials are held in ...... 9. Rzàd. 10. Offering money illegally for an advantage.
7
9
Klucz do çwiczeƒ
1. 1. Inflation has remained fairly stable over the past four years. 2. Only a few banks will pay out dividend to their shareholders. 3. If we opened an office in Berlin, we would have to employ more staff. 4. The manager is into e–commerce just like other people in his team. 5. It is John who is in charge of marketing. 6. The interviewer asked if I had done a course in accounting. 7. He said that all staff would have to work longer hours. 8. They worked down to the wire to meet the deadline. 2. 1a 2c 3c 4a 5b 6c 7b 8b 9a 10d 11b 12c 13d (odpowiedê a te˝ jest dobra, lecz nie jest neutralna) 3. Krzy˝ówka has∏o: competitor (stockholder, double, harassment, protect, takeover, account, irrelevant, court, government, bribery) www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
185
S∏owniczek skrótów B2B BA bn BSc c/o CC CEO Ct Dt EC EEA EEC EMU EU GNP HR Inc. k L/C LLP Ltd M MA MD MSc N/A NGO PAYE p.a. P/E PhD plc R&D ROE ROI SMEs T/T UN VAT WTO
186
business-to-business (dzia∏alnoÊç zorientowana na inne firmy) Bachelor of Arts (licencjat) billion (bilion) Bachelor of Science (licencjat – kierunki techniczne) care of (do ràk, przez poÊrednika) credit card (karta kredytowa) Chief Executive Officer (prezes zarzàdu) credit (strona „ma”) debit (strona „winien”) European Communities (Wspólnoty Europejskie) European Economic Area (Europejski Obszar Gospodarczy) European Economic Community (Europejska Wspólnota Gospodarcza) Economic and Monetary Union (Europejska Unia Gospodarcza i Walutowa) European Union (Unia Europejska) Gross National Product (produkt krajowy brutto) Human Resources (zasoby ludzkie, kadry) (w USA) spó∏ka kilo (kilo, tysiàc) letter of credit (akredytywa) Limited Liability Partnership (spó∏ka komandytowa) limited (spó∏ka z o.o.) million (milion) Master of Arts (magister) Managing Director (dyrektor zarzàdzajàcy, prezes) Master of Science (magister – kierunki techniczne) not applicable / not available (nie dotyczy / niedost´pne) Non-governmental organization (organizacja pozarzàdowa) Pay As You Earn (pobieranie zaliczki na rzecz podatku) per annum (rocznie) price / earnings (cena / zysk) Doctor of philosophy (doktor) (w Wlk. Brytanii) public limited company (spó∏ka akcyjna notowana na gie∏dzie) research and development (badania i rozwój) Return On Equity (zwrot z kapita∏u w∏asnego) Return On Investment (zwrot z inwestycji) small and medium enterprises (ma∏e i Êrednie przedsi´biorstwa) telegraphic transfer (przekaz bankowy) United Nations (Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych) Value Added Tax (podatek od towarów i us∏ug) World Trade Organisation (Âwiatowa Organizacja Handlu)
S∏owniczek ObjaÊnienia: AmE – s∏owo wyst´puje g∏ównie w amerykaƒskim angielskim BrE – s∏owo wyst´puje g∏ównie w brytyjskim angielskim
ctual – rzeczywisty admin staff – personel administracyjny administration – administracja ads (pot.) – og∏oszenia advantage – zaleta
A abroad – za granicà absenteeism – nieobecnoÊci
advertise – reklamowaç advertisement – reklama afford – móc sobie na coÊ pozwoliç
abuse – nadu˝ycie; nadu˝ywaç
after-sales service – serwis posprzeda˝owy
accept – przyjàç, akceptowaç
agency – agencja
access – uzyskaç dost´p
ahead of – przed, przed czasem
accessories – dodatki, akcesoria
air conditioning – klimatyzacja
account – konto accountant – ksi´gowy
airway bill (AWB) – lotniczy list przewozowy
accounting – ksi´gowoÊç
alimony – alimenty
accounts payable – zobowiàzania
all – wszyscy, wszystko
accounts receivable – nale˝noÊci, wierzytelnoÊci
allowance – odpis, ulga
allow – pozwoliç
accuse – oskar˝yç
almost – przynajmniej
achieve – osiàgnàç
already – ju˝
achievement – dokonanie
although – pomimo i˝
acquisition – przej´cie
altogether – w sumie
activity – dzia∏anie
always – zawsze
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
187
S∏owniczek
assistant – asystentka
amortization (AmE) – amortyzacja
at – przy, w
amount – iloÊç
attend – ucz´szczaç (na zaj´cia)
analysis – analiza
attention – uwaga
analyze (AmE) – analizowaç
audit – audyt, kontrola
annoying – denerwujàcy
auditor – rewident, audytor
Annual General Meeting (AGM) – Walne Zgromadzenie Akcjonariuszy (udzia∏owców)
authentication – autoryzacja
another – inny, kolejny
avoid – unikaç
answer (rzecz., czas.) – odpowiedê, odpowiadaç
awareness – ÊwiadomoÊç
availability – dost´pnoÊç available – dost´pny average – Êredni
appear – wydawaç si´ appearance – pojawienie si´
B
apply – ubiegaç si´ o prac´ appoint – mianowaç
badge – identyfikator
appointment – (umówione) spotkanie
balance sheet – bilans bank transfer – przelew
appreciate – byç wdzi´cznym
bankrupt – bankrut
approach – podchodziç do czegoÊ
bankruptcy – bankructwo
argument – argument; k∏ótnia
be – byç
arrange – zorganizowaç
bear market – bessa
arrive – przyje˝d˝aç
beat – pobiç
ask – pytaç
beer – piwo
assess – oceniaç
behaviour – zachowanie, post´powanie
assets – aktywa 188
bargain – okazja
S∏owniczek
benefits – korzyÊci bill – rachunek bill of lading (B/L) – list przewozowy morski, konosament
C campaign – kampania can – móc, umieç, potrafiç
billboards (AmE) – billboardy, plakaty uliczne
cancel – anulowaç
blow – cios
capital gains – zyski kapita∏owe
bond – obligacja bookkeeping – ksi´gowoÊç boost – zwi´kszyç (np. sprzeda˝) bored – znudzony
cancelled – odwo∏any cart – koszyk na zakupy case – sprawa sàdowa cash – gotówka
borrow – po˝yczaç (od kogoÊ)
cash-flow statement – sprawozdanie z przep∏ywu Êrodków pieni´˝nych
boss – szef
cashier – kasjer
branch – oddzia∏
catalogue – katalog
brand – marka
celebrity endorsement – reklama z udzia∏em znanej osoby
boring – nudny
breach – z∏amanie break – ∏amaç break-even point – próg rentownoÊci
certificate – certyfikat
bribery – ∏apówkarstwo browse – przeglàdaç
challenging – b´dàcy wyzwaniem (o pracy)
BSc – licencjat (kierunki techniczne)
characteristics – charakterystyka
budget – bud˝et; uwzgl´dniç w bud˝ecie
charge – za˝àdaç zap∏aty (od kogoÊ)
bulk – hurtowa iloÊç bull market – hossa, rynek byka
charity – organizacja charytatywna
business – biznes
cheap – tani
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
chain – sieç sklepów
189
S∏owniczek
check-in – zameldowanie, odprawa
commercial – reklama telewizyjna
check-out – wymeldowanie, kasa (w sklepie)
commission – prowizja
check-up – przeglàd
company – firma, spó∏ka
checkout operator – kasjer
compare – porównywaç
chef – szef kuchni
comparison – porównanie
chemist’s (BrE) – apteka
compensation – odszkodowanie, wynagrodzenie
cheque – czek Chief Executive Officer (CEO) – prezes classified ads – og∏oszenia drobne
competition – konkurencja competitively – konkurencyjnie competitor – konkurent
cleaner – sprzàtaczka
complain – skar˝yç si´; sk∏adaç reklamacj´
clear – jasny, wyraêny
complex – skomplikowany
clearance – odprawa (towarów)
computer literacy – znajomoÊç obs∏ugi komputera
client – klient code – kodeks
conclusion – podsumowanie; wniosek
coherent – spójny
condition – warunek
collect – zbieraç
conference – konferencja
come – przychodziç;
confirmation – potwierdzenie
clothes – ubrania
190
comfortable – wygodny
confused – zdezorientowany
~ up with – wystàpiç z czymÊ;
confusing – dezorientujàcy
~ across – napotkaç;
consequently – w konsekwencji
~ down – spaÊç;
consider – rozwa˝yç
~ off – wypaliç;
consider – uwa˝aç (za coÊ)
~ through – przetrwaç;
consignment – przesy∏ka
~ up – pojawiç si´, zaistnieç
consolidate – konsolidowaç
S∏owniczek
construction worker – robotnik budowlany
criminal – karny
consumer – konsument
current – bie˝àcy
contain – zawieraç
customer – klient
contingency plan – plan awaryjny
customer base – klientela
crisis – kryzys
contract – umowa
customize – dopasowaç do indywidualnych potrzeb
contribution – wk∏ad; sk∏adka
customs – kontrola celna
control – kontrola; kontrolowaç
cutting edge – najnowoczeÊniejszy
cope – radziç sobie (z czymÊ) copyright – prawo autorskie core activity – dzia∏alnoÊç podstawowa
D
corporation – korporacja correspondence – korespondencja
daily – dziennik
cost – koszt; kosztowaç
data – dane storage – przechowywanie
cost-effective – op∏acalny
database – baza danych
cosy – kameralny, przytulny
deadline – termin
counsel – adwokat
deal (pot.) – umowa
counterfeiting – produkcja podróbek
debit – strona „winien”
course – kurs
debtor – d∏u˝nik
court – sàd
decide – decydowaç
cover – pokrywa; pokryç
decision – decyzja
credit – strona „ma”; kredyt
decline – spadaç; spadek
creditor – wierzyciel
decrease – spadaç; spadek
creditworthiness – zdolnoÊç kredytowa
deductible – mo˝liwe do odpisania
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
debt – d∏ug
191
S∏owniczek
defence – obrona
discontinue – zaniechaç
defendant – oskar˝ony, pozwany
discount – rabat, zni˝ka
definite – ostateczny
disgusted – zniesmaczony, oburzony
delayed – opóêniony
dislike – nie lubiç
deliver – dostarczyç
dismiss – zwolniç kogoÊ
delivery – dostawa demand – popyt
distribution channel – kana∏ dystrybucji
demanding – wymagajàcy
disused – nie u˝ywany
department – dzia∏, pion
dividend – dywidenda
departure – odjazd, odlot
do – robiç; ~ without – poradziç sobie bez czegoÊ; ~ away with – zlikwidowaç
depreciation (BrE) – amortyzacja derivatives – instrumenty pochodne, derywaty designer – projektant despatch – wysy∏aç (towar) details – szczegó∏y
doctor – lekarz doesn’t it worry you... – a czy nie martwi ci´, ˝e... dominate – zdominowaç double – podwójny; podwoiç
dial – dzwoniç
download – pobieranie informacji, „Êciàganie” plików
differentiate – odró˝niaç si´
dress code – wymagany strój
digital – cyfrowy
driver – kierowca
diploma – dyplom
driving license – prawo jazdy
direct – bezpoÊredni directions – wskazówki
drop – upuszczaç; spadaç; spadek
director – dyrektor
due – nale˝ny; z powodu
disabled – niepe∏nosprawny
duties – obowiàzki
disciplinary – dyscyplinarny
duty – c∏o
develop – rozwijaç
192
disgusting – odra˝ajàcy
delegate – przydzielaç (np. zadania)
S∏owniczek
E
establish – za∏o˝yç estimate – szacowaç; szacunkowa wartoÊç
each – ka˝dy eager – ch´tny do czegoÊ easy – ∏atwy effective – efektywny electricity – elektrycznoÊç elegant – ∏adny, estetyczny embarrassing – k∏opotliwy embezzlement – defraudacja powierzonych Êrodków employee – pracownik employer – pracodawca encourage – zach´caç encryption – kodowanie
evaluate – oceniç every – ka˝dy evidence – dowód examine – zbadaç exchange – zamieniç, wymieniç excise – akcyza exciting – ciekawy executive – osoba na kierowniczym stanowisku, dyrektor exempted – zwolniony exhausting – wyczerpujàce
end-user – u˝ytkownik koƒcowy
exorbitant – wyÊrubowana (o cenie)
energy consumption – zu˝ycie energii
expand – rozszerzaç
engineer – in˝ynier
expect – spodziewaç si´
enjoy – cieszyç si´ czymÊ
expense – wydatek
enjoyable – przyjemny
expensive – drogi
enquiry – zapytanie
experience – doÊwiadczenie
ensure – zapewniç
expiry – wygaÊni´cie
entrepreneur – przedsi´biorca
expiry date – data wa˝noÊci
environment-friendly – przyjazny dla Êrodowiska
exploitation – wykorzystywanie
equality – równoÊç
export (rzecz., czas.) – eksport, eksportowaç
error – b∏àd
extension – numer wewn´trzny
essential – niezb´dny
external – zewn´trzny
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
193
S∏owniczek
F factor – czynnik factory – fabryka fall – spadek; spadaç fashion – moda fault – wina; wada faulty – uszkodzony, wadliwy favour – przys∏uga feature – funkcja, cecha fee – op∏ata feedback – informacja zwrotna few – kilka, ma∏o, troch´ field – dziedzina, pole fierce – zaci´ty file – segregator; z∏o˝yç dokumenty; plik filing – segregowanie find – znaleêç finish – zakoƒczyç fire – zwolniç, wyrzuciç z pracy fiscal year – rok podatkowy
focus – koncentrowaç si´ (na czymÊ) folded – sk∏adany for – dla, przez (jakiÊ czas), do forecast (rzecz., czas.) – prognoza, prognozowaç forget – zapomnieç form – formularz found – za∏o˝yç franchising – franczyza fraud – oszustwo, defraudacja freebie – gratisowy gad˝et frustrate – frustrowaç, rozczarowaç frustrating – frustrujàcy fulfilling – dajàcy poczucie spe∏nienia full-time – pe∏ny etat functional – funkcjonalny furniture – meble furthermore – co wi´cej futures contract – transakcja terminowa
fix – naprawiç fixed assets – Êrodki trwa∏e flexitime – zmienny czas pracy
G
flight – lot flourish – rozkwitaç fly-by-night company – „firma –krzak” 194
gap – luka gather – zebraç general – ogólny
S∏owniczek
generate – generowaç generic products – produkty niemarkowe get – dostaç; ~ around – poruszaç si´ (po mieÊcie); ~ along – mieç dobry kontakt; ~ in – przyje˝d˝aç; ~ on to – przejÊç; ~ across – przekazaç (wiadomoÊç); ~ back – odpowiedzieç goods – towary goodwill – reputacja, renoma government – rzàd graduate – ukoƒczyç studia grievance – skarga growth – wzrost guidance – wskazówki, rady
have – mieç have to – musieç headquarters (HQ) – g∏ówna siedziba healthy – zdrowy heat – podgrzewaç hesitate – wahaç si´ hierarchy – hierarchia high – wysoki; szczyt; maksimum high-quality – wysokiej jakoÊci hoardings (BrE) – billboardy, plakaty uliczne hold on – czekaç (podczas rozmowy tel.) holiday – wakacje, urlop home appliance – artyku∏y
H
gospodarstwa domowego homepage – strona g∏ówna
handful – niewiele, garstka
hope – mieç nadziej´
handle – zajmowaç si´
however – jednak˝e
harassment – przeÊladowanie, molestowanie
huge – ogromny
hard – ci´˝ki
human resources (HR) – zasoby
harmful – szkodliwy www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
ludzkie 195
S∏owniczek
I ignore – ignorowaç implement – wprowadzaç import (rzecz., czas.) – import, importowaç important – wa˝ny impressive – imponujàce impressive – imponujàco improve – poprawiç in – w in advance – z góry in stock – na stanie, w magazynie in-house staff – pracownicy w∏asni included – zawarty income – dochód, przychód income statement (AmE) – rachunek zysków i strat increase – wzrost; wzrastaç indebted – zad∏u˝ony indebtedness – zad∏u˝enie indeed – w rzeczy samej independence – niezale˝noÊç index – indeks, wskaênik indication – znak industrial – przemys∏owy inefficient – nieefektywny inexpensive – niedrogi 196
inheritance – spadek initiative – inicjatywa input tax – podatek naliczony insignificant – nieznaczny insolvency – niewyp∏acalnoÊç inspect – obejrzeç insult – obelga insurance – ubezpieczenie intangible assets – wartoÊci niematerialne i prawne interest – zainteresowanie; odsetki interested – zainteresowany interesting – interesujàcy intermediary – poÊrednik internal – wewn´trzny international – mi´dzynarodowy interrupt – przerywaç interview – rozmowa kwalifikacyjna introduce – przedstawiaç (kogoÊ) investigate – badaç investment – inwestycja invitation – zaproszenie invite – zaprosiç invoice – faktura irrelevant – bez zwiàzku item – sztuka, pozycja, egzemplarz
S∏owniczek
J
lend – po˝yczaç (komuÊ) letter of credit (L/C) – akredytywa
job – praca
level – poziom
judge – s´dzia
liabilities – pasywa, zobowiàzania
jump – podskoczyç just – w∏aÊnie
K key – klucz, kluczowy kind – mi∏y
L
liability – odpowiedzialnoÊç; zobowiàzanie lighting – oÊwietlenie limited liability company – spó∏ka z o.o. line positions – stanowiska zwiàzane z dzia∏alnoÊcià podstawowà link – ∏àczyç; po∏àczenie liquidity – p∏ynnoÊç finansowa little – ma∏y, ma∏o, troch´
laboratory – laboratorium
loan – po˝yczka
labour – praca
loan – po˝yczka, kredyt
labour costs – koszty pracy
log in – zalogowaç si´
land – ziemia, grunt
long-term – d∏ugoterminowy
language – j´zyk
look – patrzeç;
launch – wprowadziç na rynek
~ for – szukaç;
law – prawo
~ at – patrzeç, spoglàdaç;
law firm – kancelaria prawna
~ after – opiekowaç si´
lawyer – prawnik
lose – traciç
layer – warstwa, szczebel (organizacji, zarzàdzania)
loss – strata lot – du˝o, bardzo
leaflet – ulotka
loyalty – lojalnoÊç, przywiàzanie
legal – prawny
luggage – baga˝
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
197
S∏owniczek
M
mix – mieszaç mobile – komórka
magazine – czasopismo
money – pieniàdze
maid – pokojówka
money laundering – pranie brudnych pieni´dzy
mailing – rozsy∏anie reklam drogà pocztowà
monopolist – monopolista monotonous – monotonny
maintenance – personel techniczny; utrzymanie
more – wi´cej
make – robiç
moreover – co wi´cej
management board – zarzàd
mortgage – kredyt hipoteczny
manager – mened˝er
motivated – zmotywowany
manufacturer – producent
motivating – motywujàcy
margin – mar˝a
much – du˝o, bardziej
market – rynek
multi-brand – wielobran˝owy
Master of Arts (MA) – dyplom magistra
multitask – pracowaç „w trybie wielozadaniowym”
match – dopasowaç
must – musieç
maternity leave – urlop macierzyƒski MD (Managing Director) – dyrektor g∏ówny, prezes
N
mechanical – mechaniczny
198
meet – spotkaç
nearly – prawie
merger – ∏àczenie si´ spó∏ek
need – potrzebowaç
message – wiadomoÊç
net – netto
minority – mniejszoÊç
network – sieç
miss – nie zdà˝yç (z czymÊ); opuszczaç; przeoczyç
never – nigdy
mistake – pomy∏ka
niche – nisza
nevertheless – jednak˝e
S∏owniczek
notice – wypowiedzenie, zawiadomienie
utstanding – znaczàcy, wybitny, oczekujàcy na realizacj´ (o zamówieniu)
nurse – piel´gniarka
overdraft – debet (na koncie)
no-show – nieobecnoÊç
overheads – koszty ogólne overlook – przeoczyç
O
overpaid – zbyt wysoko op∏acany
objective – cel
overstaffed – za du˝o pracowników
offer – oferta, propozycja
overtime – nadgodziny
office – biuro
overwhelming – przyt∏aczajàcy
often – cz´sto
owe – byç winnym (coÊ)
oil – ropa naftowa
own – posiadaç
on – na opportunity – mo˝liwoÊç, sposobnoÊç
P
option – opcja, prawo order – zamówienie
parent company – spó∏ka-matka
original – oryginalny, unikatowy
part-time – cz´Êç etatu
other – inny
patience – cierpliwoÊç
otherwise – w przeciwnym wypadku
pay – p∏aca, wynagrodzenie, p∏aciç
outcome – wynik, rezultat
payment – p∏atnoÊç
outlet – punkt (sprzeda˝y)
payroll – lista p∏ac
output tax – podatek nale˝ny
peak – szczyt; osiàgaç maksimum
outsource – zleciç zewn´trznej firmie www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
password – has∏o
pension – emerytura 199
S∏owniczek
performance review – ocena osiàgni´ç pracownika perjury – krzywoprzysi´stwo perks – korzyÊci niepieni´˝ne (np. s∏u˝bowy samochód) permanent – sta∏y personnel – kadry piece – kawa∏ek piece work – praca na akord place – z∏o˝yç (zamówienie) plaintiff – powód (w sprawie cywilnej) plan – plan, planowaç plummet – gwa∏townie spadaç Point of Sale (POS) – punkt sprzeda˝y political correctness – poprawnoÊç polityczna porter – tragarz position – stanowisko power – moc, energia
price-earning (P/E) ratio – wskaênik cena/zysk (C/Z) priority – priorytet private label – marka w∏asna sieci handlowej probationary period – okres próbny process – przetwarzaç, obs∏ugiwaç product range – asortyment profit – zysk profit and loss account (BrE) – rachunek wyników (zysków i strat) profitability – zyskownoÊç prohibited – zabroniony project – projekt promise – obiecywaç promising – obiecujàcy
practical – praktyczny
promotion – awans, promocja
practically – praktycznie
property – w∏asnoÊç; nieruchomoÊç
predictability – przewidywalnoÊç
200
price fixing – zmowa cenowa
proposal – propozycja
prepare – przygotowaç
prosecution – oskar˝enie
press – prasa
prosecutor – prokurator
pressure – presja
protect – chroniç
price – cena
provide – oferowaç
S∏owniczek
Public Limited Company (PLC) – spó∏ka notowana na gie∏dzie publish – publikowaç purchase – zakupiç; zakup purpose – cel put – k∏aÊç; ~ sth off – od∏o˝yç coÊ na póêniej; ~ sb through – po∏àczyç kogoÊ; ~ forward – przedstawiç, zaproponowaç;
raise – podnieÊç (np. cen´) range – zakres rapid – szybki rarely – rzadko rat race – wyÊcig szczurów rate – stawka raw materials – surowce reach – osiàgnàç reasonable – rozsàdny rebranding – zmiana marki recall – przypominaç sobie
~ down to – przypisaç; on – za∏o˝yç;
recap – podsumowaç
~ up with – wytrzymaç, znieÊç
receivables – nale˝noÊci, wierzytelnoÊci
receipt – paragon
recently – niedawno
Q
receptionist – recepcjonistka recommended – sugerowany
qualifications – kwalifikacje
recovery – polepszenie
quality – jakoÊç
recruit – zatrudniaç
quarter – kwarta∏
recruitment – rekrutacja
quit – opuÊciç
reduce – obni˝yç, zredukowaç redundant – zwolniony, zredukowany
R racketeering – wymuszanie okupu www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
reference number – numer katalogowy references – referencje refresh – odÊwie˝yç 201
S∏owniczek
refund – zwrot; zwróciç
resources – zasoby
registration – rejestracja regret – ˝a∏owaç
responsibility – odpowiedzialnoÊç
regulation – przepis
restaurant – restauracja
reimburse – zwróciç (za coÊ) pieniàdze
retail – detal, handel detaliczny return – zysk, zwrot
release – wprowadziç na rynek; opublikowaç
rewarded – wynagrodzony
relevant – odpowiedni
ridicule – wyÊmiaç
reliable – solidny, niezawodny
risk – ryzyko; ryzykowaç
relief – ulga
rocket – skoczyç do góry
remain – pozostaç
rubric – rubryka
remarkable – godne podziwu
rude – nieuprzejmy
revenue – przychód
remember – przypominaç sobie; pami´taç remind – przypomnieç komuÊ rent – czynsz
S
repeat – powtórzyç
202
sack – wyrzuciç kogoÊ z pracy
repetitive – powtarzajàcy sie, rutynowy
safe – bezpieczny
replace – wymieniç
salary – pensja
reply – odpowiedê
sales – sprzeda˝
report – raport report (to sb) – podlegaç (komuÊ)
sales representative – przedstawiciel handlowy
require – wymagaç
salesperson – sprzedawca
requirements – wymagania
same – tak samo, taki sam
Research & development (R&D) – dzia∏ badawczo-rozwojowy
sample – próbka save – oszcz´dzaç
S∏owniczek
say – mówiç (coÊ)
shift work – praca zmianowa
schedule – plan, rozk∏ad zaj´ç
shop (BrE) – sklep
script – skrypt, instrukcja post´powania secretary – sekretarka
short of cash – bez wystarczajàcej iloÊci pieni´dzy
secure – bezpieczne
short-term – krótkoterminowy
securities – papiery wartoÊciowe
shower – prysznic
security – bezpieczeƒstwo
sick leave – zwolnienie lekarskie
seem – wydawaç si´
signature – podpis
self-employed – samozatrudniony
significant – znaczàcy
sensitive – wyczulony
similar – podobny
sentence – zdanie; skazaç kogoÊ
since – od (okres czasu)
serious – powa˝ny
single – pojedynczy
server – serwer
skills – umiej´tnoÊci
set – ustawiaç; ~ up – za∏o˝yç (np. firm´); ~ out – przedstawiç coÊ; ~ about – zabraç si´ za coÊ; ~ aside – od∏o˝yç, oszcz´dziç; ~ down – ustaliç shampoo – szampon share – akcja share – udzia∏, akcja shareholder (BrE) – udzia∏owiec, akcjonariusz www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
slave – niewolnik small – ma∏y so – wi´c social security – ubezpieczenie spo∏eczne sole trader (BrE) – przedsi´biorca jednoosobowy solve – rozwiàzywaç sometimes – czasami sophisticated – wyrafinowany 203
S∏owniczek
spell – przeliterowaç
subsequently – nast´pnie
spend – wydawaç (pieniàdze)
subsidiary – spó∏ka zale˝na
spoiled – zepsute
successful – udany
stabilize – ustabilizowaç si´
sue – pozwaç kogoÊ do sàdu
start – rozpoczynaç
suggestion – sugestia
state-of-the-art – najnowoczeÊniejszy
summarize – podsumowaç
steady – sta∏y, stabilny
supervisor – prze∏o˝ony
stimulating – stymulujàcy stock – towar, udzia∏
supervisory board – rada nadzorcza
stockbroker – makler gie∏dowy
supplier – dostawca
stockholder (AmE) – udzia∏owiec, akcjonariusz
supply – poda˝; dostarczaç, dostawa
store (AmE) – sklep
supporter – zwolennik
strap line – slogan, has∏o reklamowe
surcharge – kara, grzywna, dop∏ata
strategy – strategia
survey – badanie, ankieta
strengths – mocne strony
supervise – nadzorowaç
syllabus – program kursu
stressful – stresujàcy strict – surowy, Êcis∏y strike – strajk; uderzaç; uderzenie stuffy – duszny sub-contractors – podwykonawcy, zleceniobiorcy
204
T tailor-made – indywidualnie projektowany („szyty na miar´”) takeover – przej´cie tank – zbiornik
submit – wysy∏aç; sk∏adaç
target – cel; celowaç w coÊ
subscription – abonament
target group – grupa docelowa
S∏owniczek
task – zadanie tax office – urzàd skarbowy
troubleshooting – rozwiàzywanie problemów trust – ufaç
taxpayer – p∏atnik podatku lub podatnik
try – próbowaç
teacher – nauczyciel
turn – przekr´caç; ~ sb down – odmówiç komuÊ;
tell – mówiç (komuÊ) temporary – tymczasowy
~ off – wy∏àczaç;
terminate – zerwaç, wypowiedzieç (umow´)
~ on – w∏àczaç; ~ out – okazaç si´;
test – test; testowaç threaten – groziç, zagra˝aç threshold – próg
~ up – przyjÊç, stawiç si´ turnover – obrót, przychód tyrant – tyran
tight – ciasny, napi´ty time-consuming – czasoch∏onny tip – napiwek tiresome – m´czàcy to compete – konkurowaç trade – handel; handlowaç
U unbearable – nie do zniesienia
training – szkolenie
underpaid – zbyt nisko op∏acany
translate – t∏umaczyç, przek∏adaç
understaffing – zbyt ma∏o pracowników
transparency – przezroczystoÊç, uczciwe zasady
unethical – nieetyczne unfair – nieuczciwy
travel – podró˝owaç
unhelpful – niepomocny
Treasury Chamber – izba skarbowa
Unique Selling Point (USP) – oryginalna cecha produktu
trial – proces, rozprawa
unit – sztuka, jednostka
www.WydawnictwoLingo.pl
205
S∏owniczek
university – uniwersytet
wake-up call – budzenie
unlike – w przeciwieƒstwie do
want – chcieç
upgrade – uaktualniaç, uaktualnienie
war – wojna warehouse – magazyn
upper-shelf – z górnej pó∏ki
waste – marnowaç
urgent – pilny
weather – pogoda
use – u˝ywaç
well-paid – dobrze p∏atne
useful – u˝yteczny, przydatny
wholesale – hurt
user – u˝ytkownik
witch – wiedêma
usually – zwykle
witness – Êwiadek word-of-mouth advertising – reklama „szeptana”
V vacancies – wolne miejsca Value Added Tax (VAT) – podatek od towarów i us∏ug
work – pracowaç worldwide – na Êwiecie wrap – pakowaç write – pisaç
valued – ceniony verdict – werdykt
Y
victim – ofiara volume – iloÊç, wolumen
W
yet – jeszcze nie
Z
wage – wynagrodzenie waiter – kelner 206
zillion (pot.) – bardzo du˝o
