CLAUSES WORKSHEET

TYPES OF CLAUSES - B2 I. LEAD-IN 1. Read the sentences carefully and decide which of the three categories they fall into: clauses of reason (why?), clauses of purpose (what for?), clauses of contrast. a. They had to pull down the building because its foundation was faulty. b. They are planning to cut down all the trees here in order to build a new shopping mall. c. They want to buy a new flat although they can't afford a mortgage. d. The construction was delayed due to some financial problems. e. They want to fix some passive appliances in the house so as not to have high electricity bills. f. Despite rain season, they didn't stop construction works. 2. Add the linkers from the box to the grid. in spite of

(even) though because of so that hence REASON

followed by N/-ing

• •

PURPOSE

due to

followed by infinitive

followed by clause

while to whereas on the other hand

• • • • • • •

because

•

as

but

since

CONTRAST • •

despite

• • • • • •

although

in order (not) to so as (not) to

II. PRACTICE 1. Circle the correct linker. a. Nobody likes the new shopping centre because of / since it's huge and ugly. b. Hence / due to some financial problems, the project had to be temporarily halted. c. They produce the concrete on-site so that / so as to reduce the embodied energy. d. He kept the lucrative commission in secret in order to / so that his colleagues wouldn't get it. e. The building's form is not very original, on the other hand / in spite of it is very practical. f. Our living-room's windows face south while / because we want to have some natural light in the afternoon. 2. Work in pairs. Transform the sentences using the linkers given in bold. (separate worksheet)

III. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES BRUSH-UP I. LEAD-IN 1. Have a look at the examples and complete the rules below: a. An architect is a person who designs structures such as all kinds of buildings. b. A load-bearing wall is a wall which carries the vertical load of the whole structure. c. A tenant is a person that rents a flat. d. A cladding is a finishing material that is put on exterior walls. e. This is the house whose owners decided to pull it down. f. This is the architect whose project won the last year's competition. RULES: 1. Use ............ or ............... to define people. 2. Use ............ or ............... to define objects. 3. Use ............... to say who something belongs to. II. PRACTICE 1. Complete the sentences with the correct relative pronouns: who/that, which/that or whose: a. Alejandro Aravena is the architect ...................... deals with the issue of social housing. b. Rome is the city ......................... has never had a grid plan. c. This is the house ................ foundation started to sink just after its completion. d. The couple ............................. bought the flat in this tenament house are said to be famous actors. e. The concrete ............................. they used as a finishing material is both, flexible and smooth. f. The hall ............................... span is bigger than 45 metres doesn't require any additional vertical supports.