EARTH
SCIENCE
Group 3
Bacalla, Bacus, Cadavedo, Denia,
Delos Reyes, Lantape, Vicente,
Sumadia, Launio, Mori,M. ,
Garduque, Murillo
dynamic natural bod...
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EARTH
SCIENCE
Group 3
Bacalla, Bacus, Cadavedo, Denia,
Delos Reyes, Lantape, Vicente,
Sumadia, Launio, Mori,M. ,
Garduque, Murillo
dynamic natural body
capable of supporting a
vegetative cover
O F T E N C A L L E D “ T H E
S K I N O F T H E E A R T H ” .
WHAT IS
SOIL?
functions as an environmental
system, adapting, reflecting,
and responding to a great
variety of natural and
human-influenced processes
WHAT IS ITS
COMPOSITION
AND AT ABOUT
WHAT
PERCENTAGE?
45% inorganic matter
20-30% soil air
5% organic matter
20-30% soil water
Whatarethe
effectsofthe
followingto
soil:
causes soil to clump
and form soil
aggregates, which
improves soil structure
and also prevents
erosion
(a) anorganic
material
aningredientandacatalystfor
chemicalreactionsthatsustain
lifeandinfluencesoil
development
(b) water
ensuresthatsoilorganismshave
theoxygenrequiredfor
metabolism
(c) air
suppliesoxygenandcarbon
dioxidenecessaryforlife
processes
utilizeeasilydigestiblematerials
foundintheplantmaterial,
leavingmoreresistantmaterials
behind
(d) organism
Whatis
"Leaching"?
depicting nutrients in the
soil though the flow of
water; loss of water-soluble
nutrients from the soil
What
is "Humus"?
the decayed remains of
plant and animal
materials, partially
transformed by bacterial
action
What is field
capacity?
amount of soil moisture of water
content held in the soil after excess
water has drained away and the rate
of downward movement has
decreased
AGRICULTURAL PREPARATION OF
SOIL BY MECHANICAL AGITATION
OF VARIOUS TYPES SUCH AS
DIGGING, STIRRING AND OVER
TURNING
TILLING/TILLAGE
WILTING
POINT
minimal point
of soil
moisture the
plant requires
not to wilt
make burrows that
create pores which
allows oxygen and
carbon dioxide to
leave the soil
( A ) E A R T H W O R M
Roles of the
following organism
to the soil:
responsible for the
circulation of
carbon; main
players in cycling
nutrients
( B ) B A C T E R I A
breakdown hard
materials in
plant remains
( C ) F U N G I
( D ) I N S E C T S
helps create top soil, the nutrient rich layer of soil that
helps plant grow
( E ) R O D E N T S
dig tunnels which turns over the soil, mixing the top layers
of litter and feces with deeper layers
( F ) L I C H E N S
enrich soil by mapping water, dust and silt
5
WHAT IS MEANT BY
NITROGEN- FIXING
BACTERIA?
Microorganisms capable
of transforming
atmospheric nitrogen into
fixed nitrogen
ARRANGEMENT OF
SOIL WHICH
SEPARATES IT INTO
UNITS CALLED SOIL
AGGREGATES
SOIL
STRUCTURE
FERTILE SOIL OF
CLAY AND SAND
CONTAINING
HUMUS
LOAM
RESIDUAL PARENT MATERIAL
weathered rock particles have
accumulated in place through
physical and chemical
breakdown of bedrock beneath
the soil
rock fragments that form a soil
have been carried to the site and
deposited by streams, waves,
winds, gravity, or glaciers
TRANSPORTED PARENT
MATERIAL
FORMED THE
INTERACTION OF
ICE AND SNOW
GLACIAL TRANSPORT SOIL
SOIL MOVED BY
RUNNING WATER
ALLUVIAL TRANSPORT SOIL
A TYPE OF AEOLIAN
SOIL MOVED BY WIND
LOESS TRANSPORT SOIL
soil horizon
THE LOW-DOWN
what is soil
horizon?
the layer generally parallel to the soil
crust and is designated by a set of letters
that refer to their composition, dominant
process, and/or position in the soil
profile.
D I G I L I B
5 layers of Horizon
O Horizon - has a sufficient
cover of decomposed
vegetation litter
A Horizon – generally dark
because it contains
decomposed organic matter
E Horizon – zone of intense
leaching or eluviation
B Horizon – zone of
accumulation
C Horizon - weathered parent
material from which the soil
has developed
R Horizon – lowest layer;
either bedrock or transported
deposits of rock fragments
deciduous forest soils;
form under forest
vegetation where the
parent material has
undergone significant
weathering
ALFISOLS
MOLLISOLS
Soft, grassland soils;
& quite fertile
Tend to be base rich
extremely weathered,
tropical soils
OXISOLS
develop in tropical
and subtropical
latitudes (high
precipitation and
temperature);
contain mixtures of
quartz, kaolin clay, iron
and aluminum oxides,
and organic matter