My grammar lab intermediate answers

Answer key Module 1

1 E  2 H  3 D  4 A  5 G  6 C  7 F 2 3 1 the  2 The  3 the  4 the  5 –  6 the

Unit 1 B 1 You are invited to a reception at the british

7 –  8 –

M  useum at 7.30 p.m. on F  riday, 20th A  pril.  There will be a talk by P  rofessor E  rnest B  rand, author of T  ribal Art, to introduce our new exhibition of art from N  ew G  uinea.  Drinks will be served. Please reply to Ms H  elena S  ummers on 02243 77689 before 28th M  arch.

2

+ -s 

+ -es 

+ -ies

cars houses

potatoes watches

countries lives families loaves

+ -ves 

no change irregular

series sheep

children people

3 1 teeth  2 is  3 aircraft  4 Was  5 are  6 women 7 Were they  8 a pair of  9 sheep  10 children 4 1 1A 2B  2 1A 2B  3 1B 2A  4 1B 2A  5 1A 2B 5 1 B  2 A  3 A  4 B  5 C  6 A  7 C  8 B 6 1 a can of soup 2 a bottle of water  3 a bar of soap 4 a jar of jam   5 a piece of furniture 6 a slice of meat   7 a tub of butter 8 a packet of rice

Unit 2 1 1 an … a  2 a … an  3 a … an  4 an … a  5 a … a  6 a … an 2 1 –  2 a  3 the  4 a  5 –  6 –  7 the  8 the 3 jenny Hello, Karl. How are the things? Have you

karl jenny karl jenny karl jenny  karl jenny karl  jenny  karl  jenny  karl

a

found  job yet? Hi, Jenny. Yes, I have. Great! Is a the job near here? Yes. It’s at a hotel in a the city centre. That’s very convenient. Which hotel is it? It’s the hotel opposite the bus station: The Regent. Oh, yes. I know it. By the way, how is Maria? She’s OK now, but she’s been quite sick. She had an operation last month. Oh, dear. Was an the operation serious? No, don’t worry – nothing serious. She’s better now. I’m glad to hear it – the health is so important, isn’t it? Yes. It was a shock when she became ill. I can imagine. Has she got the a good doctor? Yes. The doctor’s very helpful.

Unit 3 a 1 I come from  close family. I’ve got two sisters and a brother. Emily’s the eldest sister. She’s a dentist and she’s a lovely person. Caroline is a student. She’s studying French at university. She isn’t a good student; she prefers to spend her time enjoying herself! My brother has got an interesting job, he’s an architect. He designed a beautiful new house for my uncle. I live with my parents in an old house in a small village. It’s a quiet place so I’m glad I’ve got lots of friends on the Internet!

Unit 4 1 1 E  2 D  3 A  4 F  5 B 2 1 Monday  2 Euston  3 the morning  4 Mr  5 the United  6 the Carlton  7 the centre   8 St Peter’s  9 the entrance  10 December   11 the afternoon  12 the bank 1 –  2 –  3 –  4 the  5 the  6 the 7 the 8 the 3 9 an 10 a 11 – 12 the  13 the  14 –  15 –

Unit 5 1 1 A  2 A  3 B  4 B  5 B  6 A 2 1 This  2 ones  3 This  4 those  5 that  6 These 7 it’s  8 this

3 1 this is  2 that  3  That’s  4 that’s  5 That’s  6 those  7 that  8 those  9 That’s  10 these

Review 1 1 1A 2B  2 1B 2A  3 1B 2A  4 1A 2B  5 1B 2A  6 1B 2A

2 1 the deaf  2 television  3 the  4 the River  5 The  6 the unemployed   7 the  8 university  9 The Chinese  10 the 3 1 That/The  2 that  3 those/the  4 a  5 the/this  6 that/the  7 the  8 the   9 that  10 the  11 the  12 that  13 the   14 the/this  15 –  16 –  17 –  18 –   19 the  20 the 4 1 A  2 B  3 C  4 A  5 B  6 C  7 C  8 B  9 A  10 B

Test 1 C  2 A  3 C  4 B  5 B  6 C  7 B  8 A   9 C  10 A  11 B  12 A  13 B  14 C  15 A   16 A  17 C  18 C  19 A  20 B

Module 2 Unit 6 1 1 Tess’s husband works at Microsoft’s head office in California.

2 Mark and Sarah’s children are staying at their grandparents’.

3 In the UK, you can usually buy women’s perfumes at a chemist’s.

4 What’s the Prime Minister’s wife’s name? I’ve forgotten.

5 The country’s economic situation may lead to a reduction in people’s salaries.

2 1 school bus  2 identity card  3 address book  4 shower curtain  5 computer keyboard

3 1 Charles’ or Charles’s  2 Lou’s car  3 London’s Soho district  4 the idea of the restaurant   5 variety of the food  6 garlic lover  7 size of the bill  1 Nick’s father’s business  2 four weeks’ holiday  4

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answer key 3 doctor’s waiting room  4 children’s hospital   5 job of the government/government’s job   6 time of (the) night

Unit 7 1 1 yours  2 mine is  3 Olivia’s  4 hers  5 ours  6 that yours  7 hers  8 my

1 his her 2  2 the his (ankle)  3 the mine mine 4 her hers  5 of them theirs. 6 it’s the cat’s/his/hers. 3 1 uncle of mine  2 their villa  3 Your yoghurt  4 of my own  5 friend of Laura’s

Unit 8 1 1 one  2 one  3 a later one  4 one  5 others/ other ones  6 white  7 this/this one, the other/ the other one  8 the others

shopper I’d like an apple pie, please. 2 one  assistant Certainly, would you like a small pie or a large pie one?

shopper Oh, just a small pie one, I think.  assistant These pies ones are fresh from the oven; they’re still warm.

shopper Mmm, they smell good. I think I’ll have a cherry pie too, please. Can I have that pie one?  assistant Of course. Anything else?  shopper Yes, I’d like some bread. assistant Brown bread or white?  shopper Do you have bread rolls?  assistant Yes, we have brown and white rolls ones. shopper I’ll have two brown rolls ones, please. assistant Here you are. That’s £4.40. 3 1 Can I try a smaller one?  2 I’ll have the egg ones/the cheese ones.  3 I prefer the other one/the second one.  4 I’d like one with a bath/one with a shower.  5 Let’s watch the other one.  6 I’d like one with Internet access/without Internet access.

Unit 9 1 1 Children under twelve can’t see the film by themselves.

 2 If you don’t wear a hard hat, you may hurt/injure yourself.

 3 In this restaurant, we have to get the food ourselves. 4 All the supporters must behave themselves. 2 1 C  2 A  3 F  4 E  5 B 3 1 you  2 themselves  3 them  4 each other  5 by  6 himself  7 they  8 yourself

Unit 10 1 1 all  2 some  3 any  4 none  5 some  6 any 2 1 All of them  2 any some 3 no any  4 none any  5 Some Any  6 I’ve got any I haven’t got any  7 didn’t enjoy enjoyed

 8 Most Most of the 3 1 Arnaud likes most music. 2 Fran has some designer clothes. 3 John has read all of Shakespeare’s plays. 4 Ellen hasn’t visited any foreign countries. 4 Model answers  1 I like some music.   2 I haven’t got any designer clothes.   3 I’ve read some of Shakespeare’s plays.  4 I’ve visited some foreign countries.

Unit 11 1 1 everywhere  2 nowhere  3 something  4 everything  5 nothing  6 anything   7 somebody  8 everyone 2 1 Anything  2 Somewhere  3 nowhere  4 Nothing 3 1 No one/Nobody  2 nothing  3 anyone/ anybody  4 everywhere  5 something/anything cold  6 something/anything cheaper  7 someone/ somebody else  8 something to read

Unit 12 1 1 A  2 B  3 A  4 A 2 1 many  2 a lot of  3 Very few  4 aren’t enough  5 too many  6 much  7 little  8 a little

3 1 a lot  2 not much  3 much  4 very few  5 a little  6 many

Unit 13 1 1 Neither of the meals is vegetarian.  2 Both meals contain vegetables.   3 Neither picture shows the whole meal.   4 Both (of) the meals include French fries. 2 1 either  2 both  3 neither  4 neither  5 whole  6 every  7 all  8 either 3 1 both (of)  2 the whole  3 Neither restaurant  4 All (of) the  5 didn’t see

Review 1 1 friend of mine  2 city centre  3 James’/ James’s  4 children’s  5 school director/director of the school  6 the history of Prague/Prague’s history  7 Eliska’s house  8 hers  9 week’s holiday  10 an apartment of my own 2 1 Jimmy and Ben like each other. 2 There’s nowhere to sit (in the hall).  3 Some of the students are staying with us and the others are staying in the hostel.   4 Alexei hurt/injured himself badly when he fell down the stairs.   5 They are always digging the road up!  6 Did you go to the cinema by yourself?   7 I’d like a banana but I don’t want that green one.   8 The letter was sent to everyone in this district. 3 1 both his numbers  2 too much homework  3 every day  4 all the travel documents   5 a few students  6 much petrol  7 any station   8 very few seats 4 1 A  2 B  3 A  4 B  5 C  6 B  7 A  8 C  9 B  10 A 5 1 C  2 E  3 A  4 G  5 D  6 B

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answer key

1 6 2  3 4  5

Both children have dark hair.  Carol has some bags/a few bags of crisps.  The adults are talking to each other.  Dennis is Alicia’s son. The children aren’t behaving themselves. / Neither child is behaving himself. / Neither of the children are behaving themselves.  6 They’ve eaten some of/a little of the cake.  7 They’ve eaten some/most of the sandwiches.  8 Both of the children are wearing red T-shirts. 7 1 I 2 K  3 B  4 J  5 L  6 H  7 A  8 D 8 1 their  2 a  3 ones  4 Most/Many  5 anyone  6 of  7 one  8 other  9 Both  10 little

Test 1 C  2 A  3 B  4 B  5 C  6 A  7 C  8 A   9 C  10 B  11 C  12 C  13 C  14 A  15 C   16 B  17 A  18 B  19 C  20 B

Module 3 Unit 14 1 1 at (time)  2 out of (movement)  3 for (time)  4 away from (movement)  5 by (means)  6 for (purpose)  7 with (instrument)  8 by (means) 2 1 Derek waited at the bus stop for hours. 2 I left my coat in the car last night. 3 The cat often slept under the duvet.  4 They lived above the greengrocer’s.  5 Lori lived opposite the greengrocer’s.  6 We parked our car in front of the cinema.  7 The girls had a picnic among the pine trees.  8 Jacob always sat between the two girls. 3 1a Ella  1b Jane  1c Jack  2a Anna  2b Len  2c Steph  3a Nils  3b Marga  3c Vince 4 1 A  2 A  3 B  4 A  5 C  6 A  7 C  8 A 5 Model answers 1 There are some books next to my bed. 2 There are shoes and boots under the bed. 3 There’s a clock and some pictures on the walls. 4 There isn’t anything on top of the wardrobe. 5 There’s another house opposite the bedroom window.

Unit 15 1 1 to  2 along  3 across  4 past  5 into  6 onto 2 1 across over 2 onto into  3   4 through across/over  5 to at  6 along past  3 1 across/over, along  2 past, over, through  3 over, past, through, to  4 along, across/over, past, through, into

Unit 16 1 1 in  2 on  3 at  4 in  5 during  6 at  7 at  8 –  9 –  10 in 2 1 in the afternoon  2 in/within four days  3 during the summer  4 from 11 p.m. to  6 a.m.  5 (for) fifteen minutes  6 until/till/to four o’clock  7 in/within two hours  8 this evening

3 1 at  2 for  3 during  4 at  5 until/till  6 by  7 –/for  8 –

Unit 17 1 1 besides  2 by  3 on  4 by  5 by  6 apart  7 of  8 with A lot of people hate travelling by plane. My uncle worked as a teacher for twenty years. My mobile phone looks like an iPod. You can use this computer as a DVD player. The centre is open every day except (for)/apart from New Year’s Day. 3 1 on ship by ship  2 by detergent with detergent  3 apart for apart from 4 with crocodile skin from/of crocodile skin  5 with cheque by cheque  6 to crushing for crushing 4 + Model answers 1 by email I prefer to keep in touch with my friends by phone. 2 with my husband I usually go on holiday with my parents. 3 by credit card I usually pay for things by credit card.

1 2 2 3 4 5

Unit 18 1 1 in  2 by  3 out of  4 in  5 for  6 In  7 –  8 on

1 C  2 H  3 D  4 F  5 E  6 G  7 A  8 I 2 3 cal Have you and Ines finished that project you were working on?

tanya Yes, we finished it at the end in the end. It took such a long time. We had to finish it by last Friday in the latest at the latest, and we sent it on Wednesday. Talking of Ines, have you heard the news? cal No, what news?  tanya She’s going back to the Spanish office. She says she’s leaving London to good for good.  cal No! I know she came here in business on business at the beginning of her stay, but I thought she loved London. How long has she been here? tanya At last At least three years – maybe longer. cal So why’s she going back? tanya Well, she thinks it’s too expensive here, and she misses her family. But it isn’t off the question out of the question that she might come back for short visits.

Review 1 1 across  2 at  3 through  4 out of  5 next to  6 past  7 in front of  8 over  9 by  10 between 11 opposite  12 above 2 1 F  2 G  3 D  4 C  5 E  6 B 3 1 during  2 on  3 out of  4 into  5 through  6 along  7 until  8 by

4 1 least  2 time  3 pen  4 work  5 here  6 plane  7 email 

5 1 on fire  2 from eight until/till/to ten  3 in charge of  4 except for  5 in front of Jim

6 out of date  7 at the latest  8 on foot

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answer key

Test

3 We only have four working elephants here at

1 C  2 B  3 B  4 A  5 B  6 C  7 B  8 C   9 C  10 C  11 A  12 A  13 C  14 A  15 C   16 C  17 A  18 B  19 C  20 A

Songklan so it is more small smaller than the other elephant farms in the area. The largest elephant farm of in this part of Thailand has 30 elephants! The four elephants here have different backgrounds and personalities. Mao-Mao travelled the most far furthest; he came from Chaing Rai in the north of the country. Changra is the goodest best worker, he loves lifting wood. But he’s very greedy. He eats a lot more than the others! Selma is the most bad worst worker, she’s very lazy. She’s only eighteen years old but each year she gets lazier and more lazier lazier! Tanan is friendlyer friendlier than the other elephants; she really loves people. 4 1 Mao-Mao is the heaviest of the elephants.   2 Changra is younger than Mao-Mao.   3 Selma is older than Tanan.   4 Tanan is the youngest elephant.   5 Changra is greedier than the others.   6 Tanan is the friendliest of the elephants.

Module 4 Unit 19 1 1 Is that bird alive? 2 Our new neighbours seem friendly. 3 Are your guests awake? 4 The weather was hot and sunny.  5 Are you getting a new car?  6 It was a long and difficult test.   7 We’ve got yellow and orange/orange and yellow wallpaper.  8 My aunt lives in a big old house. 2 1 shocking  2 exciting  3 broken  4 confusing  5 painted  6 missing 3 Do you think zoos are bored boring and unnatural? Do you prefer to see beautiful and wild beautiful wild animals in their natural environment? Jarrold’s Nature Park is an excited exciting new way of seeing animals. We know our animals are sensitive lived living creatures so we keep them in enclosures that are large, open large and open. There are no ugly cages or high fences. We have animals beautiful beautiful animals from all parts of the world. Your children will love the amazed amazing tropical forest with its birds and monkeys.  From enormous terrified terrifying spiders to cute panda bears. Jarrold’s has them all.  Jarrold’s Nature Park. It’s much more than a zoo ordinary an ordinary zoo!

Unit 20 1 1 pleasant little stone (cottage)  2 big new wooden (chest of drawers)  3 pretty blue silk (dress)   4 nice big living (room)  5 small round silver (picture frame)  6 famous seventeenth-century Dutch (artist)  7 expensive German washing (machines)  8 horrible red cotton (T-shirt) 2 1 slightly  2 very  3 more violent than  4 a few minutes  5 better than  6 very 3 1 nice tourist  2 lovely large  3 quite old  4 old wooden  5 big red  6 very  7 rather expensive  8 pretty late

Unit 21 1 1 This towel is drier than that one.  2 Magazines are more interesting than newspapers. OR Magazines are less interesting than newspapers.   3 My spelling is worse than Lucy’s.  4 The airport is further/farther than the railway station.   5 Paris is more beautiful than Berlin. OR Paris is less beautiful than Berlin.   6 Steak is better than lamb.

1 2  2  3  4  5  6

Unit 22 1 1 A  2 B  3 A  4 A  5 B 2 Television viewers are sometimes surprised to learn lot

that natural history programmes are often a more popular than soap operas or films. One of the most famous presenters is David Attenborough. He has been making programmes about nature since the 1960s. In those days Jacques Cousteau was by far the most famous TV presenter of nature programmes. Although Cousteau only made programmes about life in the sea, his style of presenting was similar to Attenborough’s – they both seem like friendly uncles who really love nature. Of course, today’s programmes are different from those of fifty years ago. In those days cameras were not nearly as small and light as they are now. Today the technology is much more advanced and there are digital special effects which can help us understand the complexity of the natural world. 3 1 is older than me.  2 quite as big as  3 is almost the same as  4 are different from  5 by far the most expensive  6 a bit higher than

Unit 23 1 happily

usually

early

fast

hard

well

2 1 early  2 well  3 happily  4 hard  5 usually  6 fast

3 1 very  2 quite interesting  3 computer games a lot  4 extremely  5 happily  6 fairly easy   7 in a silly way  8 rather  9 perfectly  10 really 4 1 quite well  2 extremely fast  3 really slowly  4 very carefully  5 quite often  6 very much   7 rather hard  8 a little

Mario is the oldest student in my class.  Selima is the tallest of the athletes.  New York is the biggest city in North America.  That is the most beautiful tree in the garden.  Harry is the most experienced of the workers.  Mine is the nicest of the rooms.

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Unit 24 1 1 I’ve never seen a dolphin. 2 We rarely go to the theatre. 3 Christine didn’t go to work this week. / This week Christine didn’t go to work. I’d like to speak French fluently. When did you live there? The bus is frequently late. The traffic is always bad in London. / In London the traffic is always bad. 8 Answer the questions carefully. 2 1 A  2 I  3 D  4 F  5 L  6 G  7 B  8 J 3 1 She occasionally is on the same train as me .

4 5 6 7

 2 I don’t like in the evenings eating a heavy meal .  3 Always We buy organic food.  4 I this morning received an interesting email .  5 Danny has often fruit for breakfast.  6 My sister and I during the daytime watch TV .  7 It’s snowing so everyone is slowly driving .  8 You should

wash your hands always before a meal.

 9 We here hardly ever have lunch .  10 Samantha well sang at the concert on Friday. Unit 25 1 1 the highest  2 more frequently  3 the best 

feeling this morning

nurse How are you this morning feeling? 6  susie Not fantastic. You know I feel hardly ever hardly ever feel great at this time of day.

 nurse How about a cup of tea? Always that always makes you feel more good better.

 susie OK. That would be nice.  nurse The doctor says that if you go slowly fairly fairly slowly, you today can have a walk around the gardens today.

 susie I’m not sure. My leg still a lot hurts hurts a lot. Actually, I think it feels more bad worse than it did yesterday. Which doctor is coming today?

 nurse Well, it usually is is usually Doctor Marshall on Wednesdays.

 susie I don’t like her. She a bit annoys me annoys me a bit.

 nurse Why’s that?  susie She speaks so quickly. I don’t understand really really don’t understand what she says at all. 7 1 faster than ever before  2 regularly you lose weight  3 quite boring  4 the trees become red and gold  5 less often than nowadays 8 1 was frightening  2 much more frequently  3 are not  4 bored and exhausted  5 beautiful old French  6 as expensive  7 less often  8 long and relaxing 9 1 C  2 B  3 C  4 A  5 C  6 B  7 A  8 C

4 the fastest  5 more slowly  6 the longest   7 more carefully  8 later 2 1 work as fast as  2 sang the best  3 more fluently than  4 was the worst player  5 as frequently as  3 1 as well as  2 further than  3 as easily as  4 as quickly as  5 far less frequently  6 much more quickly  7 more often than  8 more slowly than

1 B  2 A  3 C  4 B  5 C  6 A  7 C  8 A   9 A  10 B  11 A  12 C  13 C  14 B  15 A   16 C  17 A  18 C  19 C  20 A

Review 1 1 I bought a beautiful blue bath towel at the market. 2 We weren’t interested in Cathy’s boring story. 3 Their new Italian sofa is rather uncomfortable. 4 Alastair often watches depressing black and white

Unit 26 1 1 have  2 have/have got  3 doesn’t have 

films on TV.

5 Does your grandmother still use that enormous 1960s washing machine?

6 Fred’s behaviour was quite shocking. 2 1 quiet place  2 everyone was awake  3 quite high  4 nice young  5 uncomfortable old   6 black and white  7 rather  8 interesting 3 1 more dangerous  2 The lightest  3 The laziest  4 the best  5 more powerful  6 the largest/ widest  7 wider/larger  8 the longest   9 shorter  10 the greediest  4 1 is an older invention than the iPod.  2 is faster than a car  3 are (a little) more expensive than fourstar hotels  4 is larger than the Atlantic Ocean.  5 is much more popular than cricket  6 is much smaller than a rugby ball  7 aren’t as low as they used to be  8 is (much) more expensive than a motorbike 5 1 less  2 much more  3 more  4 slightly worse  5 got better  6 frequently  7 not very   8 very well

Test

Module 5 4 ’s  5 Have ... got/Do ... have  6 have  7 has   8 have  9 Is  10 Has ... got/Does ... have 2 1 I’m  2 I’ve got/I have  3 is  4 doesn’t have/ hasn’t got  5 are  6 aren’t  7 She’s got/She has  8 have  9 I’ve got/I have  10 Have you got/ Do you have 3 He’s 29. He’s Irish. He’s married and he’s got two children. He’s 1.82m tall and he’s got/he has blond hair and a beard. He’s an accountant in a small finance company.

Unit 27 1 1 connect  2 lives  3 doesn’t know  4 agrees  5 arrive  6 aren’t  7 uncovers  8 Does ... bring  9 does  10 Does ... provide  11 don’t think  12 don’t link  2 1 Does water boil at 100ºC? Yes, it does. 2 Does the sun always rise in the west? No, it doesn’t. 3 Does Switzerland have a coastline? No, it doesn’t. 4 Do shops near you usually open on Sundays? Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.

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1 3 2 3 4

He’s 61 (years old). He is the Ravenmaster at the Tower of London. He lives in an apartment at the Tower of London. He works from 5.30 in the morning to 9.30 at night in the summer. 5 He looks after the ravens, prepares their food, gives them water and locks them up at night.

Unit 28 1 1 are you doing  2 I’m phoning  3 Are you cooking  4 I’m working  5 I’m not cooking   6 I’m finding  7 you’re always complaining   8 I’m not spending  9 I’m planning   10 you’re always saying 2 1 Communication is decreasing the most because equipment is getting cheaper. 2 The cost of clothes is decreasing because the UK is buying clothes from China. 3 Transport costs are going up because fuel prices are getting higher. 4 Food and drink are going up because the cost of transporting them is increasing. 3 Model answer In the photo, the vet is holding a kitten. He’s looking at another kitten and talking to a young girl. The young girl is stroking the kitten and listening to the vet. Trudi is watching and making notes.

Unit 29 1 1 A  2 B  3 A  4 B  5 A 2 1 are enjoying  2 spend  3 go  4 visits  5 get  6 work  7 are living  8 are looking after   9 are spending  10 don’t leave 3 1 isn’t working  2 smell  3 I’m finding  4 are going up  5 Do you believe  6 he feels/he’s feeling  7 meet  8 don’t understand 4 appear A/S, be S, enjoy S, feel S, go A, go well A, have A/S, know S, like S, see A/S, visit A 1 have  2 don’t often go  3 enjoy  4 Is   5 is going well  6 appear  7 visit/see   8 am seeing/am visiting  9 doesn’t like   10 don’t know 5 Model answers 1 I live in a house with my family. 2 I work for a small film company; I’m working on a nature film at the moment. 3 I really enjoy going out with my friends. 4 I don’t believe in saving money.

Review 1 1 don’t doesn’t 2   3 He got He’s got  4 Do you have got Do you have/Have you got 5 I’m having I have/I’ve got  6 have often often have 7   8 don’t don’t have/haven’t got 2 1 lives, has  2 wears, is wearing  3 watches, she’s visiting  4 doesn’t earn, she’s getting  5 feels, feels/is feeling 3 1 1A, 2B  2 1B, 2A  3 1B, 2A  4 1A, 2B  5 1B, 2A  6 1B, 2A  7 1B, 2A 

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4 1 A  2 A  3 A  4 C  5 B  6 C  7 B  8 A  9 C  10 B  11 A  12 C

5 1 I’m getting  2 he’s always taking  3 he never does  4 He doesn’t seem  5 Does he have   6 he has  7 he’s working  8 are going up   9 he has  10 he usually pays 

Test 1 B  2 C  3 B  4 A  5 A  6 C  7 B  8 A   9 C  10 C  11 C  12 A  13 B  14 A  15 C   16 B  17 B  18 C  19 A  20 A

Module 6 Unit 30 1 1 became  2 gave  3 went  4 heard  5 met  6 sold  7 took  8 travelled 

2 1 became  2 sold  3 heard  4 joined  5 did not/didn’t go  6 went  7 explored  8 traded   9 travelled  10 gave  11 didn’t enjoy  12 died 3 1 The slave trade stopped over 200 years ago. 2 Who did you like most at your last school? 3 We didn’t understand the lecture last week. 4 When did you take your last exam? 5 When Jack arrived, he told us the news. 6 Why did you start learning English? 4 Model answers 1 The last major festival in my country was last summer. 2 I liked the history teacher most at my last school. 3 I took my last exam just over a year ago. 4 I started learning English because I had to study it at school.

Unit 31 1 1 They weren’t working there during the strike.  2 Where were you living at the start of the year?  3 I wasn’t feeling very well yesterday evening. 4 It was raining heavily and the rivers were rising. 5 She was always talking while I was watching TV. 2 1 were  2 saw  3 was washing  4 noticed  5 didn’t know  6 were  7 heard  8 were doing   9 stopped  10 rushed 3 1 was planning  2 didn’t know  3 was playing  4 fell  5 was always asking  6 weren’t planning   7 became  8 was hoping

Unit 32 1 1 We were running when the storm started. 2 We ran for shelter when the storm started. 3 I was leaving the bank when the robber arrived. 4 I left the bank when the robber arrived. 2 1 broke  2 was attempting  3 was travelling  4 when  5 took  6 disappeared  7 was walking   8 noticed  9 belonged  10 found 3 Model answers 1 I was eating my breakfast. 2 I was running for a bus.  3 A bird was attacking my cat!  4 I was talking to my brother.  5 My sister was annoying me.

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Unit 33 1 1 didn’t use  2 Did  3 used to/would  4 interviewed  5 Did you use to   6 worked/used to work 2 1 used to go/would go  2 became  3 climbed  4 died  5 used to climb  6 wouldn’t request   7 wouldn’t take  8 made 3 1 I used to climb climbed  2   3 use to spend spend  4   5 would used to  6 use used  7 wouldn’t didn’t use to  8 Were you used Did you use 4 Model answers 1 When I was young I would go to my cousins’ house for holidays, but now I usually go to the Mediterranean. 2 I used to like folk singing, but now I prefer classical music. 3 I used to have two best friends when I was a child, now I have a lot of friends.

Unit 34 1 1 2, 1  2 1, 2  3 1, 2  4 1, 2  5 2, 1  6 1, 2  7 2, 1  8 2, 1

2 1 had seen  2 had never been  3 had met  4 felt (same time as ‘walked’), had said (something that had happened before ‘walked’)  5 reached (series of actions – stepped, reached, wrapped), had left (an action before the series of actions), wrapped 3 1 didn’t know (hadn’t known also possible)  2 had recovered  3 made  4 had decided  5 had set out  6 had achieved  7 realised  8 had ever done

Unit 35 1 1 How long had you been working there when you became a director?

2 I hadn’t been sleeping well for weeks when I had the accident at work.

3 Paul had been working really long hours for six months when he became ill.

4 How long had Sarah been taking the medicine before she got better?

5 We hadn’t been saving hard enough so we couldn’t go on holiday with the others.

2 1 had been raining  2 hadn’t been listening  3 had been working  4 had been playing   5 hadn’t been wearing 1 B  2 F  3 D  4 E  5 C  6 G  7 A  3

Review 1 1 had  2 was getting  3 did this happen  4 was hoping  5 arrived  6 was shining  7 started   8 didn’t stop 

didn’t used use to worry about anything. We would often go away at the weekend with a group of friends and Sarah used be used to be ready to try anything – horse-riding, sailing, surfing – all that. But now she prefers to stay at home because she thinks we shouldn’t spend money on these things. She is never used to never used to criticise me so much – now she says that I need to take life more seriously. She used to tell told me the other day that I was wasting my life! I know that she’s learnt a lot from her work in Africa and that she’s right in some ways, but you still need to have some fun, don’t you?

1 B  2 A  3 B  4 A  5 B 3 4 1 travelled  2 had ever travelled  3 enjoyed  4 was  5 had passed away  6 used to  7 had been writing  8 was travelling  9 collected   10 wrote  11 returned  12 had just broken out 5 1 three days ago  2 used to drive  3 had enquired  4 was rehearsing when  5 had been living  6 didn’t use to swim

Test 1 B  2 C  3 A  4 C  5 B  6 C  7 C  8 C   9 A  10 A  11 B  12 A  13 B  14 C  15 B   16 C  17 B  18 A  19 B  20 A

Module 7 Unit 36 1 1 We’ve played five games this season. 2 Have you eaten anything today? 3 Our friends haven’t had a pet before. 4 Sally’s broken her mobile phone. 5 Has Clive used this computer? 6 I’ve never driven an American car. 7 Have the children seen all the Harry Potter films? 8 Mr Lopez hasn’t come to work today. 2 1 G  2 F  3 B  4 C  5 H  6 A  7 E 3 1 already  2 still  3 been  4 recently  5 never  6 just  7 ever  8 before

1 yet (E)  2 still (A)  3 recently (B)  4 already (D) 4 you brought 5 dave Have brought you the new car? alison Yes. I’ve park parked it outside. Come and have a look…

dave It’s lovely. How fast does it go? alison I don’t know. I yet haven’t driven it on the dave alison

dave

alison

used to

2 … She would be a really fun-loving person but she’s

changed. It all started when she would go went to Africa after college and worked in a village, helping poor children. She used to be was there for two years. She obviously loved it there, but she’s become really serious. She never use used to be like that. When we were at college together, we would go out in the evenings – to the cinema, to cafés and so on, we

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motorway yet. I bet it’s really fast. Pete’s got one of these and he says he’s did done over 125 mph in it! Oh, that’s too fast for me. I’ve never driven never over 80 or 90. I haven’t driven a car like this already before Could I have a go? I’m afraid not. Just I’ve just arranged the insurance and I’m the only person that’s allowed to drive it. That’s a pity. How do you turn on the CD player? Mmm, I’m not sure. I’ve I haven’t looked at the manual yet. Has it got air-conditioning? Yes. I’m really looking forward to the hot weather so I can try it out. I’ve never had before a car with air-conditioning before!

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Model answers 6  1 I’ve had two cups of coffee today.  2 I haven’t visited my grandparents this month.  3 I’ve seen the latest James Bond movie.  4 I haven’t passed the driving test.  5 I haven’t been to the doctor recently.  6 I’ve had a holiday this year.  7 I’ve never driven an electric car.  8 I’ve sent five text messages this week. 9 I haven’t phoned my best friend today.  10 I haven’t been to the dentist this year. Unit 37 1 1 1B 2A  2 1B 2A  3 1A 2B  4 1B 2A  5 1B 2A long 2 lucy So, how much time have you known Caroline?  pete I know I’ve known her for about three months.  lucy I see, for since March then?  pete Yes. March 12th. Caroline was my driving instructor for my first lesson!

lucy How many lessons have you had   since then?   pete I’ve had ten lessons far so so far. I think I’ll pass the test this time

 lucy What do you mean?  pete Well, I’ve failed it twice before. But this is the first time I have I’ve had proper lessons.

 lucy Good luck, then! Look, I’d better go – I haven’t been shopping since for several days and the fridge is empty! 3 1 (been) six months since  2 all my life  3 for two hours  4 I haven’t worn  5 haven’t smoked since  6 time Jane’s been  7 I’ve ever eaten   8 It’s (been) six hours 

Unit 38 1 1 many times  2 passed  3 ’s done  4 this year  5 finished  6 did he get

2 1 made  2 have not been able  3 have been  4 have overcome  5 has not given  6 have already tested  7 first designed  8 has adapted   9 invited  10 were/have been 3 1 have you done  2 ’s been  3 has given  4 happened  5 has decided  6 told  7 was  8 ’ve used

Unit 39 1 1 David has been watching TV all afternoon.   2 What has he been doing?   3 Elizabeth hasn’t been working this week.  4 My grandparents have not/haven’t been feeling well recently. 

 5 How long have you been studying English?  6 How long have you been using this book? Model answers

 5 I’ve been studying English for two years.   6 I’ve been using this book since January. 2 1 G (She)’s been using  2 C (He)’s been listening  3 A (He)’s been eating  4 H (She)’s been studying  5 I (He) hasn’t been brushing   6 B (She)’s been running  7 F (He)’s been lifting  8 D (She) hasn’t been sleeping

3 1 enjoying  2 been having  3 had  4 been going  5 spent  6 took  7 trying  8 ’ve been  9 been taking  10 driven

Unit 40 1 1 called  2 been waiting  3 lived/been living  4 been decorating  5 turned  6 studied/been studying  7 known  8 marked  9 tried  10 liked 2 1 1A 2B  2 1B 2A  3 1A 2B  4 1B 2A  5 1B 2A 3 1 ’ve been doing  2 ’ve been trying  3 haven’t seen  4 ’ve just got  5 ’s been living  6 ’ve looked at  7 haven’t found  8 Have you tried   9 ’ve already looked at  10 ’ve been waiting

Review 1 1 We still haven’t heard from our grandson.   2 Have you done the shopping yet?  3 No thanks, I’ve already eaten.   4 Have you tried Indian food before?  5 It’s been two years since I gave up eating sugar.  6 Has she ever been horse-riding?   7 Have you seen your old geography teacher recently? 

 8 That’s the doorbell – I think Carrie’s just arrived.  9 I haven’t been on a good holiday for a long time.   10 This is the best essay I’ve read so far. 2 Hi Stewart been  I’m sorry it’s being so long since I wrote to you, but you know how busy I’ve been for since I last saw you. I’ve finished just just finished my first month at the new job and it’s really hard work. But I’ve always want wanted to be a mechanic so I suppose I can’t complain now that I am one! Actually, the job isn’t too bad. Last week I’ve worked on a Ferrari and that was pretty exciting! We get all kinds of cars and customers in the garage. I’ve met never never met so many strange people before! My boss is quite nice. He has worked at the garage for years and years, so he’s very experienced. He gave has given me a lot of advice since I started and he doesn’t mind helping me when I’m not sure what to do. He’s yet already told me he thinks I’m going to be one of their best mechanics one day. Of course I need to get a lot more experience before that happens!  Anyway. How are you? Have you got Did you get a wedding invitation yesterday? Sarah Bradshaw is getting married to Simon Wates! I’ve never I haven’t seen her for ages but it’s fantastic news and I’m really happy for her. Are you going to the wedding? 3 1 haven’t watered  2 ’ve been playing  3 ’ve washed  4 ’ve (already) read  5 ’ve been working 4 1 Have you taken  2 I haven’t  3 I’ve been working  4 Have you looked  5 I’ve already done that/ I’ve done that already  6 I drove  7 I’ve been cleaning  8 I haven’t been  9 I’ve already brought  10 I haven’t looked at 5 1 were  2 been  3 since  4 For  5 has  6 took place  7 has  8 have  9 been   10 was  11 has  12 won

Test 1 B  2 C  3 A  4 A  5 B  6 B  7 C  8 B   9 A  10 B  11 B  12 C  13 B  14 A  15 C   16 C  17 C  18 B  19 A  20 B

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Module 8 Unit 41 1 1 It probably won’t rain this weekend. 2 Are we going to have a test tomorrow? 3 Is she meeting me at the station? 4 They aren’t going to come to my party. 5 Shall I phone for a taxi? 6 I’m not staying in a hotel this time. 7 Do you think they’re going to be late? 8 I’ll never go there again. 2 1 1B 2A  2 1A 2B  3 1A 2B  4 1A 2B  5 1B 2A  6 1B 2A 3 1 ’ll  2 ’s going to  3 ’ll  4 ’ll/will  5 ’ll 4 1 getting  2 Are you staying  3 ’re flying  4 We’re staying  5 won’t  6 We’re having   7 We’re going to  8 probably  9 Shall   10 I’ll get 5 1 going, Shall/Can  2 think, will  3 (We)’re, (I)’ll  4 (I)’m, Shall  5 don’t, won’t

Unit 42 1 1 will be arriving  2 will be showing  3 will be passing  4 will not be serving  5 will be offering  6 will be demonstrating 2 1 B  2 B  3 B  4 A  5 A  3 1 Will we be getting a pay rise next year?   2 I’m afraid we won’t be sending you the documents until next week.  3 Will you be staying the night?   4 Will you be recommending me for a promotion when you see the boss?  5 Unfortunately, we won’t be opening the day-care centre next summer. 6 Will you be bringing some food for the picnic?

Unit 43 1 1 have done  2 going  3 have  4 have  5 won’t have dried  6 have been

2 1 will have ended  2 will have been working  3 will have gone back  4 will have been travelling  5 will have left  6 Will the team have completed  7 will have been sitting  8 won’t  have finished  3 I am writing about the repairs which your company has been made making to the roof of our apartment building. The work started in March and it still isn’t finished. By the end of this week the men will have been working on the roof for over two months. This means we will have suffered more than eight weeks of continuous noise and disruption, and we will be have been living for all that time with permanent cold draughts and dirt. As you know, my wife is pregnant and the baby is due next month. It looks as though the work will haven’t will not have/won’t have been completed by the time the baby is born. This is unacceptable.  I would like you to reassure us that work on the part of the roof that covers our flat will have finishing finished by the beginning of June at the latest. I think this is the least we can expect.

Unit 44 1 1 F  2 E  3 B  4 D  5 A 2 1 leaves  2 leaves  3 does it arrive  4 ’re eating  5 ’re having  6 have  7 ’s taking  8 leaves   9 is  10 gets 3 1 ’re meeting  2 hear  3 will be  4 know  5 is/will be  6 ’m spending  7 pass  8 gets back 

Unit 45 1 1 B  2 A  3 B  4 A  5 B 2 1 was going to  2 due to  3 sure to  4 were going to  5 want  6 about to  7 likely to be   8 hope to 3 1 was going to phone you  2 is due to open  3 are likely to be  4 is to make

Review 1 1 ’s going to get  2 ’ll be sitting  3 ’re leaving  4 don’t think  5 ’ll be working  6 ’ll give   7 ’ll look  8 ’m not doing  9 ’s going   10 ’ll just be  11 ’ll see  12 Shall we meet 2 1 been travelling  2 I’ll be boring  3 I’ll have used up  4 be arriving  5 ’m staying  6 be seeing   7 ’s going to show  8 have seen  9 shaved   10 write  3 1 I  2 B  3 G  4 J  5 A  6 K  7 F  8 E 4 1 1B 2A  2 1A 2C 2B  3 1C 2B 3A  4 1B 2A 3C  5 1C 2A 3B 5 1 are sure to go down  2 will have left  3 after we arrive  4 will have been  5 was going to become  6 will be using it

Test 1 B  2 A  3 C  4 A  5 B  6 C  7 C  8 B   9 C  10 C  11 B  12 A  13 B  14 A  15 B   16 C  17 C  18 A  19 B  20 C

Module 9 Unit 46 1 1 couldn’t , C  2 could, F  3 can’t, A  4 can’t/won’t be able to, B  5 will be able to, D Their children can’t read or write yet.  Can you hear that strange noise?  Could your old mobile phone play videos?  Were you able to arrange an appointment with the dentist yesterday?   5 We’re not able to answer your call at the moment.   6 Will we be able to get a flight next Tuesday?   7 I’d love to be able to play a musical instrument really well.  8 We really enjoy being able to swim in our own pool any time we like.  9 It can be very hot in Madrid in August. 10 After the operation I couldn’t walk properly for two weeks.

1 2  2  3  4

3 1 couldn’t  2 couldn’t/weren’t able to  3 could  4 managed to  5 could only/were only able to   6 can  7 be used  8 Can you  9 to make   10 will be able to

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1 4  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10

Do you can Can you    been be  calling call  can be able to   See you Can you see  can could  can could  could was able to

Unit 47 1 1 S  2 D  3 S  4 D  5 D  6 S 2 1 could/might  2 can’t  3 could  4 might  5 can’t  6 Do you think it’s  7 might/may   8 should  9 might  10 could 3 Model answers A1 a car engine  2 part of a mobile phone 3 part of a computer B1 a puzzle  2 an emergency alarm 3 the heating control 4 the TV control

Unit 48 1 1 Jackie might have/might’ve missed the train.   2 They should have/should’ve got home by now.  3 Might the children have stayed late at school?   4 I must have/must’ve left the keys in my coat pocket.

 5 Carol might not have/mightn’t have received your email. 

1 B  2 A  3 A  4 B 2 3 1 A  2 C  3 B  4 A  5 C  6 A  7 C  8 B Unit 49 1 1 Has he got to wear a uniform?   2 We had to get an application form.   3 Serena will have to get a new mobile phone.   4 Did you have to wait a long time?   5 Guests must leave their hotel rooms before midday. 2 1 mustn’t be  2 Do I have to/Must I  3 don’t have to  4 Am I allowed to  5 aren’t allowed to   6 have to  7 you have to  8 haven’t got to/ don’t have to 3 1 must to do  2 Do you got to Do you have/have you got  3   4 you’ve got to  5 Have Are  6 must had to

Unit 50 1 1 A  2 F  3 C  4 D  5 B 2 1 D needs to  2 G doesn’t need to  3 C needn’t have  4 F won’t need to  5 A didn’t need to   6 B needed to  7 H needn’t have 3 1 ’ll need to  2 needs to  3 didn’t need to  4 don’t have   5 needn’t have  6 Do I need to   7 won’t need to

Unit 51 1 1 A  2 B  3 B  4 B  5 A 2 1 think  2 shouldn’t  3 ought to  4 shouldn’t  5 should have  6 don’t think you should   7 ought not to  8 should 3 1 had/’d better not touch  2 shouldn’t have ordered  3 ought to ask  4 must listen to   5 think I should do

Unit 52 1 1 can/are allowed to … can’t/aren’t allowed to  2 can’t/aren’t allowed to … can/are allowed to  3 can/are allowed to … can’t/aren’t allowed to  4 can/are allowed to … can’t/aren’t allowed to 2 1 (formal) May I, might  2 (formal) Might,

E A B D

can’t  3 (formal) won’t be allowed to, Will they be allowed to  4 (informal) were allowed to, could 3 1 can’t to smoke   2 aren’t allowed to      3 couldn’t can’t   4   5 might can  6 can’t won’t  7   8 I could was allowed to

Unit 53 1 1 Can you turn off the TV, please? / Can you please turn off the TV? I could give you an extra lesson. How about getting a pizza? Shall I come back in five minutes? Would you put it in a bag, please? / Would you please put it in a bag? 2 1 Shall  2 I’ll  3 Could you help  4 course  5 Can  6 How about  7 Would you  8 Shall I 3 1 ’ll  2 Why  3 Shall  4 Would/Could  5 could/would  6 course

2 3  4 5

Review 1 1 could  2 will be able to  3 managed to  4 can  5 may not  6 might not  7 can’t   8 was able to  9 should  10 must 2 1 might not  2 was able to  3 could have  4 can’t  5 must have  6 could  7 can’t have   8 should have  9 to be able  10 can 3 1 C  2 E  3 A  4 F  5 D 4 1 A  2 A, C  3 C  4 B  5 A, C  6 B  7 C  8 B  5 1 don’t need to  2 can  3 had to  4 managed to  5 have to  6 had to  7 was able to   8 needn’t 6 1 will have/need to (A)  2 needn’t have (F)  3 mustn’t (H)  4 had to (B)  5 don’t have/need to/needn’t (G)  6 must (D)  7 won’t have/need  to (E)

7 1 Could you  2 Why don’t you  3 Shall I  4 aren’t allowed to  5 ought not to  6 ought to   7 you’d better  8 I’ll 

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8 1 You aren’t allowed to/can’t/mustn’t play football in 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

this park. We don’t have to/don’t need to/needn’t buy batteries – they are included. I think we should/ought to cook this in the microwave. How about trying the keep fit class tomorrow evening?  She can’t be thirty … We’d better bring those plants in from the garden …  Only adults are allowed to/can buy this product.  I might/could have met someone famous!  That looks interesting. Shall we go inside … This could/might be the chance you’ve been waiting for.

Test 1 C  2 B  3 A  4 A  5 B  6 A  7 B  8 C   9 B  10 A  11 C  12 C  13 C  14 B  15 A   16 B  17 C  18 A  19 A  20 B

Module 10 Unit 54 1 1 E  2 F  3 D  4 A  5 B  6 G 2 1 If you don’t cover it, someone might see it. 2 … a thief will confuse/might confuse you by talking to you if you allow him to.

3 … thieves will be able to get into your accounts if you don’t have proper security.

4 If it doesn’t have one, it won’t be secure enough. 5 … if you tell your PIN number to another 1 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

person …, your credit card company might not return/won’t return your money. if case in case unless if  when if won’t be isn’t  Even if my boss will be is provided in case 

Unit 55 1 1 A  2 A  3 B  4 B  5 A 2 1 was/were, would  2 wouldn’t, was/were  3 Suppose/Imagine/If, be  4 unless, was/were  (or if, wasn’t/weren’t  5 asked, would  6 could, would/might  3 1 didn’t give him any (money)  2 were you  3 wouldn’t  4 wouldn’t talk to the police   5 spoke to his teachers  6 will be able to help you

Unit 56 1 1 C would/could have  2 A could have  3 E wouldn’t have  4 B could have  5 F wouldn’t have

2 1 hadn’t bought  2 wouldn’t have taken  3 hadn’t gone back  4 might not have called   5 had asked 3 1 If I hadn’t spent all my money on clothes last year, I could have afforded a holiday. 2 If I had noticed the speed camera, I wouldn’t have got a fine (for driving too fast). 3 If I hadn’t broken my leg on a skiing trip, I could / might have become a footballer. 4 If I hadn’t eaten some fish which was bad, I wouldn’t have been ill. Model answers 5 I f I hadn’t left my job, I might have become a

manager.

6 If I had listened to my parents, I wouldn’t have left school so early.

Unit 57 1 1 AF  BT  2 AT  BF  3 AF  BF  4 AT  BT  5 AF  BF

2 1 would you do  2 had cancelled  3 wouldn’t have bought  4 wouldn’t have married  5 hadn’t got married, couldn’t enjoy  3 1 ... we wouldn’t have mass air travel today  2 ... Bill Gates hadn’t started Microsoft  3 ... they wouldn’t have elected Barack Obama  4 ... we had had a cure for malaria  5 ... the world would be very different

Unit 58 1 1 hadn’t caught  2 hadn’t believed  3 was  4 could visit  5 wouldn’t make  6 could  7 to join  8 would write  9 hope  10 you didn’t bring 2 1 wouldn’t leave  2 wouldn’t make  3 would close  4 wouldn’t play  5 would turn off 3 1 don’t didn’t 2 have had 3 wish hope 4 went go/we went 5 won’t wouldn’t  6 time the gas bill to come for the gas bill to come/ the gas bill came 4 Model answers 1 I wish my best friend would phone me more often. 2 If only I hadn’t bought those Manolo Blahnik shoes! 3 I’d rather people didn’t talk to me on the train. 4 I wish I could play a musical instrument.

Review 1 1 is  2 in case  3 would  4 will, don’t  5 Suppose, would  6 if  7 doesn’t have  8 would, offered

2 1 If the bank manager hadn’t called a doctor, Tina wouldn’t have gone to hospital.

2 If Tina hadn’t been (waiting) at the hospital, she wouldn’t have met an old schoolfriend.

3 If they hadn’t had to wait for a long time, Tina might not/wouldn’t have told her friend about her business.

4 If Tina’s friend hadn’t just received a lot of money,

she couldn’t/wouldn’t have invested in Tina’s business.

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5 Tina’s business might not be profitable now if she hadn’t hurt her shoulder. 3 1 If I had had (some) children, I might not be in an old people’s home now. 2 I wish I had studied when I was younger. 3 If only I hadn’t lived a selfish life. 4 I’d rather live in my own home. 5 I wish the people here would be/were friendlier to me. 6 If only I wasn’t/weren’t old! 4 1 not  2 might  3 wish  4 hopes  5 wishes  6 had  7 have  8 been  9 if  10 might/will (could) 5 1 as long as you come  2 I were you  3 time they arrived/time for them to arrive  4 wish you wouldn’t smoke  5 would (have to) move   6 would have got  7 Suppose you were   8 only I didn’t have

Test 1 B  2 C  3 B  4 A  5 C  6 A  7 A  8 C   9 A  10 C  11 B  12 C  13 A  14 B  15 A   16 B  17 C  18 A  19 C  20 A

Module 11 Unit 59 1 1 a litre of water.  2 very happy. 3 a nurse.  4  5 too much money.  6  7 all the books.  8 really tired. 2 1 The coach will meet us outside the school gates at 8.30 in the morning.

2 Everyone in the train compartment was reading a book or magazine .  ur friends didn’t wait for us after the concert. O Fabio called his friend stupid . The new doctor arrived at the hospital yesterday. The local council promised the shopkeepers lower business taxes. 7 Ugh, your trainers smell awful . 8 The children were playing quite happily in the back garden earlier. 3 1 a great time at first  2 appeared really friendly  3 at Conway’s last Friday  4 really well for over an hour  5 seemed really happy  6 us  7 me really angry  8 them a choice 4 1 The exhibition has had a lot of interest. 2 Errol promised that he would call me. 3 Irina seems quite sad these days. 4 Jan gave the twins their birthday presents. 5 Everyone was laughing at the clown. 6 Your terrible behaviour has made your father really angry. 7 My lawyer sent all the documents to the insurance company. 8 Marco presented his arguments quite well at the debate on Thursday.

3 4 5 6

Frank Gehry is one of the most famous architects 5 in Toronto in 1929 in the world. He was born in 1929 in Toronto but moved in 1947 to Los Angeles to Los Angeles in 1947. He an architect became became an architect after studying architecture in California and design at Harvard, and his career has lasted over forty years. His designs have always been really large and very expensive to build. Some were so costly, such as the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, that many people considered ‘unbuildable’ them considered them ‘unbuildable’. His career really took off when the Guggenheim Museum was built in Bilbao in 1997, changing an old unused waterfront into an area that both modern and romantic looked looked both modern and romantic. Gehry completed the Walt Disney Concert Hall in 2003 and it is now the home of the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra. These two buildings, and others, have earned some important architectural awards him him some important architectural awards. One of Gehry’s most recent projects is the Serpentine Gallery in London – this was in England his first project his first project in England.

Unit 60 1 1 There is  2 It was  3 It’s  4 There is, It’s  5 It’s, There is  6 There are, It’s

2 1 It  2 did it take  3 Was it  4 There’s  5 it’s  6 It’s  7 there are  8 There were  9 are  10 Were there  11 to go  12 was  13 There  14 it was 3 1 There was  2 Did it rain  3 wasn’t difficult to complete  4 Was there  5 won’t be easy to

Unit 61 1 1 F, J  2 A, C  3 D, H  4 E, I 2 1 Was it/the castle built a long time ago? Yes, it was.  2 Was James I of England born in the castle? Yes, he was.

 3 Does it/the castle get a lot of visitors? Yes, it does.  4 Can you see the city (of Edinburgh) from it/the castle?  Yes, you can.  5 Does the ticket price include a guided tour? Yes, it does. Are you going 3 jack Are going to join any clubs or societies at university this year, Vijay? vijay Yes, I’m I am. I’m interested in joining the photography society. Why, you aren’t aren’t you going to join any?  jack I’m not sure. Isn’t the final year more difficult than the others?  vijay No, it is Yes, it is. At least, people say it is. They are Are they having a ‘club fair’ to introduce all the clubs and societies this year?  jack No, they not they aren’t. All the information is online, and we can ask questions by email.  vijay That’s a shame.  jack Why? You not think Don’t you think it’s a good idea? We can find out about the societies when we want.  vijay I suppose so, but I prefer to discuss things face to face.

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Unit 62 1 1 When  2 Whose  3 Who  4 Where  5 How  6 for  7 time  8 language(s) 2 1 did the car leave  2 started  3 did the chase finish  4 jumped  5 did they do 3 1 Where is it/the building/the Statue of Liberty? 2 Who designed it? / Who was it designed by? 3 Why was it built? 4 When was it opened? 5 What can you see/visit/do there?/What else is there to see/visit/do? 6 Why is it famous?

Unit 63 1 1 How far  2 How  3 How much  4 How  5 How often  6 How long  7 How deep   8 How many 2 1 Who’s  2 Which  3 is  4 What  5 which 3 1 what’s  2 How old  3 twenty-four  4 Which university  5 how long  6 What  7 Whose   8 who’s

Model answers 4  1 What’s your phone number? It’s 225697.  2 How long have you studied/been studying English? For about three years.

 3 How far is the nearest cinema to your house? It’s about two kilometres.

4 What do you like doing on holiday? Lots of things – sightseeing, walking, swimming.

 5 Whose music do you prefer listening to? I like some soul music but I prefer Indie groups like the Pixies.

Review 1 1 There was  2 to see  3 there were  4 at the school on Saturday evening  5 It was  6 gave me  7 didn’t take  8 were there  9 me so angry  10 to you 2 1 at the demonstration really badly really badly at the demonstration 2 showed to me showed me 3 with the architect’s plans delighted delighted with the architect’s plans.  4   5 There’s It’s  6 Tibs their new cat their new cat Tibs  7 It’s There’s 3 1 Why were they surprised? 2 Why was the area quite light? 3 What did Mrs Yuang give them? 4 How many bedrooms does her cave have? 5 Where are the caves? 6 How many people live in the caves? 7 What do they do there? 8 What are the caves like? 9 What do the caves protect the residents from?  10 What did they find out the next day? 4 1 B  2 B  3 A  4 B  5 A  6 A

Test 1 B  2 A  3 B  4 C  5 A  6 A  7 B  8 C   9 C  10 C  11 A  12 A  13 B  14 C  15 B   16 A  17 C  18 B  19 C  20 B

Module 12 Unit 64 1 1 swimming, A  2 cycling, C  3 sitting, E  4 ironing, B

2 1 having  2 not watching  3 Spending  4 being offered  5 having copied  6 working, being told 

3 1 making  2 playing  3 doing  4 camping  5 going  6 not being  7 calling  8 telling

Unit 65 1 1 to learn  2 to have  3 to sell, have  4 to be told  5 teach / to teach  6 to spend  7 not to 8 spend

Avison Extreme Sports Holidays 2 to Have you ever wanted try a really different, adventurous holiday? Would you love to go parasailing or rock climbing, potholing or  bungee jumping?

Why not try an Avison sports holiday? This is how it works: you tell us what you can and can’t do, and what you’d like to be able to do. We assess your abilities and offer to teach you at least two different extreme sports in one week. If you choose to accept our offer, we decide on a date and then arrange to collect you from the nearest station or airport. Our promise to you: we promise to provide you with all the equipment necessary and expert training in the chosen sports. We help you progress quickly because of the intensity of the training. You can expect to be taught in a safe environment, with the minimum of risk. Your promise to us: you promise not to overestimate your abilities – we can only work with what is already there!

Interested? Then call us on the number below or visit our website.

3 1 What kind of work do you want to be doing in ten years’ time?

2 What have you forgotten to do recently? 3 When do you hope to have finished studying English?

4 What do you aim to have done by the time you’re sixty?

Model answers 4  1 I want to be working with children. 2 I’ve forgotten to call my sister.  3 I hope to have finished studying English in two years. 4 I aim to have made a lot of money! Unit 66 1 1 She taught/is teaching (the student) to play the guitar.

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2 They let the cat sleep on the bed. 3 He helped the old lady (to) carry her bags. 4 He warned them not to skate (on the pond/ice).

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2 1 to show  2 to sell  3 members to sell  4 us to paint  5 to use  6 me follow  7 you to stay   8 you break 3 1 me work me to work 2 made do made to do 3 to not not to 4 that you do you to do 5 let allowed to 6 giving up to give up 7 to keep keeping 8 not be not to be

Unit 67 1 1 A  2 B  3 A  4 B  5 B 2 1 to get  2 joining  3 to look/looking  4 walking  5 going  6 looking  7 fly   8 getting  9 worrying  10 moving 3 1 burning  2 doing  3 to inform  4 to tell  5 looking  6 to find

Review 1 1 to take  2 to speak  3 playing  4 swimming  5 to like  6 cleaning

2 1 trying  2 not  3 to  4 to  5 him  6 me  7 let  8 start

3 1 to have/take  2 not to be  3 being called  4 going  5 having taken/taking  6 to have finished  7 hearing  8 to go on holiday 4 1 D  2 A  3 C  4 C  5 D  6 B  7 A  8 C  9 D  10 C

Test 1 B  2 A  3 A  4 C  5 A  6 C  7 A  8 C   9 B  10 A  11 C  12 C  13 A  14 C  15 A   16 C  17 B  18 A  19 C  20 A

Module 13 Unit 68 1 1 had  2 would  3 the following day  4 he  5 had been  6 had  7 the next  8 had had   9 hadn’t been able to  10 the evening before  11 had to  12 wished 2 1 had been offended by 2 (that) he hadn’t made, the day before  3 he had just been describing  4 had to know that people had asked 5 he couldn’t understand it, had simply described  6 he had been working very hard 7 he would make a full statement about his plans the following/next afternoon 3 1 C  2 H  3 L  4 A, E  5 K  6 G  7 B  8 D, I 4 1 The guidebook says (that) the museum was opened to the public in 1965. 2 John told us last Friday (that) he would take a taxi home after the film the next/following evening. 3 The lecturer said (that) humans first walked on the moon in 1969.

4 Mrs Richards, Samir’s mother said (that) he’s ill and can’t come to school today.

5 The manager told the police officer (that) Jason had been working for him for two years at that point.

6 Lou and Jane told us last week (that) they

were meeting their cousins from Vancouver at  the weekend. 5 Model answers 1 ... I hadn’t tried hard enough. 2 ... that my hair was looking really nice that evening. 3 ... that I wasn’t very confident and would not get the job I wanted. 4 ... that my teeth are in very good condition. 5 ... my father. He said that I should finish my homework.

Unit 69 1 1 My friend asked why I couldn’t come to his party.  2 The officer wanted to know if I had the keys.  3 She asked how long it had taken to get there.  4 John asked his boss whether he could have a pay rise.

 5 Maria wanted to know if we liked her hairstyle.  6 The salesman asked whether we wanted to buy the car or not.

2 1 had caused the break-up  2 I/we couldn’t sort out my/our problems  3 if I was unhappy  4 if/whether I thought Annette was a better singer than me  5 what I would do next  6 (me) if I had thought about giving up singing 3 Model answers 1 My teacher asked me if I had understood her explanation. 2 My friend wanted to know if we could go swimming at the weekend. 3 My mother asked if I could do the washing-up. 4 A shop assistant asked if I had the right coins for the chocolate bar.

Unit 70 1 1 us to  2 us not to  3 to go  4 us not to  5 me to  6 to  7 to stop  8 me to  This sign asks us not to feed the fish. This sign advises us to wear a hard hat. This sign warns/tells us not to touch the paint. This sign asks us to queue from this side. My mother advised me to take some food for the journey. 2 The clerk asked us to have our tickets ready. 3 The lifeguard warned/told us not to go in the sea. 4 The guard advised us to take the first train that arrived. 5 The police officer told us to pick our rubbish up.

1 2 2 3 4 3 1

Unit 71 1 1 you  2 to stealing/that he had stolen  3 to my husband  4 that I should visit/visiting  5 for upsetting  6 on buying/that he should buy  7 that I was lazy/about my laziness  8 its students

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2 1 announced  2 said  3 agreed  4 apologised  5 told  6 regretted  7 thanked  8 encouraged 3 1 The woman offered to open the windows. 2 The assistant replied that the club accepts/ accepted members of all ages. 3 He claimed to be the best electrician in the area/ that he was the best electrician in the area. 4 My friend persuaded me to try one of his/her cakes. 5 The managers admitted that they hadn’t told the reporter about the company’s financial problems.

Review 1 1 had  2 was  3 wasn’t  4 if/whether  5 before  6 my  7 asked  8 know  9 worked   10 not  11 could  12 our  13 next /following  14 would  15 has/had 16 might  17 us   18 warned/told/advised  19 advised/told  20 I’m 2 1 ordered us not to run  2 apologised for not remembering  3 advised me not to  4 insisted that he would pay/insisted on paying  5 begged John/him not to 3 1 was feeling/am feeling  2 had been  3 I’d performed/I performed  4 I was going  5 her   6 can’t/couldn’t  7 would  8 to go  9 I’m not/ I wasn’t 10 to her  11 had only done it/only did  it 12 it was  13 to go  14 tomorrow 4 1 told that told me/said that 2 this that 3  4 were the nearest toilets the nearest toilets were 5  6 to not not to

Test 1 A  2 C  3 B  4 C  5 A  6 A  7 C  8 A   9 C  10 A  11 B  12 A  13 C  14 B  15 A   16 B  17 C  18 B  19 A  20 B

Module 14 Unit 72 1 1 that  2 whose  3 which/that  4 who  5 that/ which  6 that  7 that  8 whose

2 For over a hundred years detective stories have been one of the most popular forms of writing. The books  that they appear in are often called ‘whodunits’. In many cases the detectives in these novels are professional police officers. A typical example is Inspector Morse, the famous Oxford detective who was created by the writer Colin Dexter.  But many of these characters are private detectives who help the clients who they work for. Perhaps the best known is Philip Marlowe – a private detective invented by the author Raymond Chandler in a novel which he wrote in 1939.

 Of course, not all detectives in fiction are

have taken over the role of detectives in popular fiction. This is the due to the increasingly important role which science plays in modern police work. One of the best-known of these detectives is Dr Kay Scarpetta – the invention of American crime writer Patricia Cornwell. Cornwell introduced Scarpetta to the world in Postmortem, a book which she published in 1990.

3 1 –  2 where  3 which  4 why  5 where  6 when  7 why  8 which  9 when  10 which   (pronoun can be left out in 4, 6 and 9) 4 1 I told you about  2 you were interested in  3 we walked under  4 for which the insurance company  5 over which the committee  6 to whom the bank 5 1 in which/where Sherlock Holmes lives / which Sherlock Holmes lives in 2 which Conan Doyle invented 3 who uses his powers of observation to solve crimes 4 who has starred in many recent films and TV shows 5 whose career in the army has ended 6 who became famous for his part

Unit 73 1 1 B  2 B  3 A  4 A 2 1 Humaniqueness is the first book that Glauco Ortolano, who is Brazilian, has written in English.

2 Harlitt’s chocolate factory, which used to employ over a thousand people, has closed down.

3 You can’t smoke in restaurants any more, which I’m pleased about.

4 They’ve closed down our local library, which is really annoying.

5 The course, which lasts ten weeks, starts on Monday 12th January.

6 The new company president will be Sandra Jackson, whose period as creative director was very successful. which 3 The nineteenth century, , that was the golden age of Russian literature produced the world-famous novelists Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky, the poet Alexander Pushkin and the playwright Anton Chekhov. Tolstoy’s novel War and Peace ,   what which was written in 1869 ,   is often considered to be the greatest novel of the nineteenth century. Russian literature continued to flourish in the twentieth century. Internationally, the two Russian novelists who were most successful were Boris Pasternak and Vladimir Nabokov. Nabokov, that who spent much of his life in the United States ,   also wrote novels in English.  Pasternak was the author of Dr Zhivago ,   that which was made into a hugely successful film in 1965. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1958 but refused  to accept it.

professionals, many are amateurs. One of the most famous of these is Miss Marple, a character   that  Agatha Christie invented in 1927. In more recent years scientists and psychologists

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Unit 74 1 1 recommended 2 who were killed/killed  3 based  4 to become  5 living  6 that has/with 2 1 to speak to me  2 found under the floor  3 next to the library 4 given to me 5 to break down/to have broken down  6 with a bigger hard drive 3 1 left, Robinson Crusoe  2 to refuse, Boris Pasternak  3 living, Inspector Morse  4 born, William Shakespeare  5 with, James Bond   6 married, Madame Bovary

Unit 75 1 1 B  2 A  3 B  4 A  2 1 Arrested  2 joining  3 Having become  4 needing  5 Being  6 annoyed  7 Left  8 using

3 1 Having paid for the meal  2 Filmed in 2009   3 calling for help  4 Looking out of the window   5 Planted in a sunny spot

Unit 76 1 1 Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon.

2 My brother went to university to study chemistry. 3 I promise not to make a mess. 4 Harry is the third person to phone me this morning.

2 1 not to charge  2 to  3 to tell  4 to study  5 that people/for people to  6 to give  7 that’s asked/to ask  8 to be to 3 angela I’m going to the library for get some books on Marco Polo. Do you want to come? bella Sure. Who’s Marco Polo? angela He was one of the first Europeans visiting to visit the Far East. He wrote a book about his adventures in 1298. bella I think I’ve heard about that. It was the first book for to describe China and Kublai Khan, wasn’t it? angela Yes. I’m writing an essay on him for my course. It’s really important because I need to get a good grade for the essay in order for to pass the course. I don’t want to be the only person in my year to pass not not to pass! bella Well, it sounds like a fascinating subject, anyway. It’s my ambition to visit China one day. angela I’d love to do that, too. Listen. Do you want to go for a coffee later? bella I’m not sure. I’m supposed to be meeting Helena. angela That’s OK. I’d be happy for her to join us.

Unit 77 1 1 where they’re going  2 how they did it  3 why he’s doing it  4 who wrote it  5 where you live   6 What she does  7 What she decided  8 What he knows 1 What  2 the most  3 where  4 earns more 2 money  5 What  6 how  7 the most  8 Why 

3 1 how  2 who  3 how  4 more  5 what  6 where  7 how  8 what  9 more 10 what

Review 1 1 where  2 who/that  3 when  4 whose  5 which  6 why/how  7 which  8 which   9 who  10 whom 2 1 F  2 A  3 E  4 C  5 B 3 1 This photo, which was taken by Marianne’s father, shows her playing on the beach with her brother. 2 This picture, which was painted hundreds of years ago, shows a man riding a horse. 3 This antique chair, which belonged to Queen Marie Antoinette, is now worth a milllion dollars. 4 This house, in which Winston Churchill lived/ which Winston Churchill lived in, belongs to the National Trust. 5 This actress, whose father was in the group Aerosmith, has been in lots of Hollywood films. 6 This valley, where they filmed Lord of the Rings, is in New Zealand. 7 This shop, which is the only one to stay open at night, sells all kinds of food and drink. 4 1 The computer which I bought it last week has broken down. 2  3 The Wright brothers were the first people flying to fly an aeroplane. 4 I prefer meals making made with fresh ingredients. 5 Dorothy is often late, that which the boss finds really annoying. 6 Can I see the sales assistant that I spoke to him yesterday? 7  8  9 Walked Walking into the room, I noticed something strange in the corner. 10 Apparently Susan was the last person to speak to her before she left. 

5 1 the advice given to me  2 Being so pale  3 to get some toothpaste  4 not to charge for parking  5 how to set up  6 Driven at high speed  7 what was stolen 6 1 who was 2 who taught medicine  3 Noticing/ Having noticed  4 how he treated  5 to find out  6 how they moved  7 what job they did   8 where they came from  9 (which) the ordinary person is  10 Living in an age 7 1 A  2 C  3 A  4 C  5 C  6 B  7 B  8 A  9 B  10 A  11 C  12 B

Test 1 B  2 C  3 C  4 C  5 B  6 B  7 A  8 B   9 B  10 C  11 A  12 A  13 B  14 A  15 B   16 A  17 C  18 B  19 C  20 B

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Module 15 Unit 78 1 1 as  2 so that  3 because of  4 in order  5 As/Since  6 so as to  7 Because  8 so that

1 E  2 A  3 G  4 F  5 D  6 B 2 3 1 so that 2 for to 3  4 so as not 5  6 because of 7 in order to 8 because of 4 Model answers 1 I’m studying English so that I can get a good job.  2 I enjoy going to the beach because I love sunbathing.  3 I’d like to get a better job in order to earn more money. 4 I can’t stand big cities because of the dirt and noise. Unit 79 1 1 a lot of  2 so  3 As a result  4 such  5 many 6 for

2 1 isn’t comfortable enough to  2 is so short

jan 3  ruby  jan  ruby

 ow was the folk music festival? H though Not bad. It rained most of the time although!  That’s no fun when you’re in a tent. I know! In spite of the fact that my tent’s quite a good one, it still let the rain in.  jan Were the bands good? ruby Well, but some of the first few acts weren’t great, but most of them were. Actually, even however though we were quite near the front, it wasn’t always easy to hear the music. jan Was there a problem with the sound system? ruby I think so, yes. Oh, one thing that was great was the food. It was delicious, despite to be being mainly vegetarian!  jan So you’ve developed a taste for vegetarian food, have you? ruby Not really. Although enjoying I enjoyed it at the festival, I don’t think I could eat it all the time.

Unit 82 1 1 While  2 After  3 While  4 Later,  5 Eventually,  6 until

2 1 while I’m waiting  2 as soon as you leave  3 until they had  4 before they called   5 After that I began  6 Then they asked 

that  3 too young to vote  4 is moving too fast   5 was so windy (that) I 1 that  2 such  3 Therefore  4 enough  3 5 too  6 As  7 enough  8 so  9 so  10 for

Review 1 1 D  2 E  3 C  4 C  5 B  6 C  7 A  8 B 2 1 Although, C  2 but, E  3 In addition, B 

Unit 80 1 1 either  2 Both  3 well as  4 does 

3 1 We can either go to the museum or (we can) have

5 Alternatively 2 1 Debra, Anna  2 Steve and Debra  3 watches TV or reads magazines  4 Both, Anna  5 neither/ nor does  6 Not only does, uses the  7 Both   8 doesn’t, neither/nor does 3 Model answers 1 I don’t like jazz and neither does my sister.  2 I can both swim and scuba dive.  3 I don’t have a car or a motorbike.  4 Not only do I speak English, I also speak Russian!

 2 I finished my essay before sending those emails. /

Unit 81 1 1 although  2 wearing  3 Nevertheless,  4 but 5 While  6 missing  7 the fact that it  8 However,

2 1 even though  2 whereas  3 However/ Nevertheless  4 in spite of the fact  5 Despite   6 While it  7 Nevertheless/However  8 but it

4 either, G  5 does, A  6 However/Nevertheless, D a walk by the river.

Before sending those emails, I finished my essay. / Before I sent those emails, I finished my essay. 3 Andrea both lives and works in this part of the city. 4 While the company’s head office is in New York, its biggest factory is in Texas. / The company’s head office is in New York while its biggest factory is in Texas.  5 Even though I was wearing a smart suit, I wasn’t allowed into the hotel. / I wasn’t allowed into the hotel even though I was wearing a smart suit.  6 As soon as I heard the news on the radio I phoned my best friend.  7 Neither the President nor the Vice President resigned.  8 The children all caught colds after (going) swimming in the lake. / After swimming/they swam/they went swimming in the lake, the children all caught colds. 9 Despite being very experienced, Karl can’t find a good job. / Karl can’t find a good job despite being very experienced. / Despite the fact that he is very experienced, Karl can’t find a good job. 10 I felt rather sick during the flight to Moscow. 4 1 or  2 after  3 and  4 Even though  5 so  6 when  7 or  8 and  5 1 either  2 and  3 After  4 Eventually/Finally/ Then  5 nor  6 Therefore/So  7 and   8 because  9 so  10 During  11 result   12 both  13 though  14 only  15 soon

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Test 1 C  2 A  3 C  4 B  5 C  6 A  7 B  8 C   9 B  10 A  11 B  12 A  13 C  14 B  15 B   16 A  17 C  18 A  19 C  20 B

Module 16 Unit 83 1 1 have been turned off  2 will be sent an email tomorrow  3 isn’t being made any more  4 have to be filled in  5 hasn’t been repaired yet  6 is going to be closed for 24 hours 2 1 are being counted  2 was built  3 to be repaired  4 will be finished  5 haven’t been washed 3 1 are being sent out  2 hasn’t been invited  3 was paid  4 to be altered  5 had been reduced  6 is going to be filmed  7 will be taken  8 is being done 4 1 made  2 the wood is cut  3 are mixed  4 are added  5 dried  6 leaves  7 This is then passed   8 The paper can then be cut 5 1 It was organised by a group of well-known British and American musicians in July 1985. 2 It was designed by Michelangelo in the 1520s. 3  4 They are often bought by people who can’t afford to buy real designer clothes. 6 Model answers 1 My school was built last year. 2 My old photos are stored under the bed.  3 My favourite shirt is made of cotton.  4 My hair is usually cut by a hairdresser.  5 I don’t like food that has been overcooked.

Unit 84 1 1 Our proposal has been turned down by the committee.  That house was left to me by my grandfather.  Geraldine hasn’t been given a pay rise.  Can this mobile phone be used in the USA?  That photo couldn’t have been taken at our wedding.  2 1 Potatoes were brought to Europe by the Spanish in the sixteenth century. 2 An American flag was taken to the moon by Neil Armstrong in 1969. 3 Hampton Court Palace was given to King Henry VIII by Thomas Wolsey in 1525. 4 Nelson Mandela was sent to prison by the South African government in 1962. 5 Louisiana was sold to the United States by France in 1803. 3 expert Well this is an interesting fashion print. Did you buy it? by  owner No, it was given to me of my grandmother just before she died. expert So she was the person who bought it?  owner Not exactly. She found it. It had been left on the side of the road by somebody.  expert How amazing. Tell me, is this the original frame?

2 3 4 5

 owner No, I think it may have been changed when my grandparents moved house. They had a really good carpenter and he made new frames for all their pictures. It might have been been put into a new frame from by him.  expert That’s a pity. These prints are always worth more if they’ve been keep kept in their original frames. It shouldn’t have been taken of the original frame out out of the original frame, really. But if it was for sale put up put up for sale I expect it might fetch several hundred pounds …

Unit 85 1 1 is having/getting his eyes tested  2 needs washing/needs to be washed  3 had me show him/ got me to show him  4 had/got his nose broken  2 1 produce  2 have  3 reserved  4 a flight cancelled  5 to fly  6 done  7 to come   8 servicing

3 1 have my hair coloured  2 got her phone stolen 3 it needs checking/to be checked 4 Did you get those documents copied  5 will have the porter take  6 get my passport photos taken

Unit 86 1 1 A  2 A  3 B  4 B  5 A 2 1 is said to be 2 not meant to smoke 3 is reported to have 4 was supposed to go to 5 are believed to be designed 3 1 We were meant to visit the stables today.  2 The work is expected to be finished/to finish in April.  3 It is considered to be the most beautiful room in the house.

 4 Sir Henry Westmoor is believed to have died here.  5 It is said that he was killed by his own brother.  6 Queen Elizabeth I is thought to have slept here. Review 1 1 must be not must not be  2 closed by our engineers down closed down by our engineers

 3 reserved of by/for   4 be is  5 is arrived arrives/has arrived  6 to take be taken  7 borned was born 2 1 had eBay pay  2 had it repaired  3 need washing/to be washed  4 It is often argued   5 have the goods made  6 are thought to be  3 1 A  2 B  3 A  4 A 4 1 A  2 C  3 C  4 A  5 B  6 C  7 B  8 A  9 C  10 C

Test 1 C  2 B  3 B  4 A  5 C  6 B  7 A  8 C   9 C  10 B  11 B  12 C  13 B  14 A  15 B  16 A 17 C 18 A 19 C 20 B

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Module 17 Unit 87 1 1 a photo  2 luck  3 smoker  4 a promise  5 rain 

2 1 take a photo  2 bad/good luck  3 heavy smoker  4 make a promise  5 heavy/light rain 

3 1 telling  2 light  3 strong  4 have  5 run  6 missing  7 great  8 make

4 1 heavy rain  2 started, argument  3 strong swimmers  4 great success  5 great difficulty   6 took pity  7 take part  8 strong coffee

Unit 88 1 1 F  2 D  3 I  4 G  5 E  6 A  7 C  8 H 2 1 with  2 of  3 between  4 at  5 about  6 to  7 for  8 for  9 in  10 in

Model answers 3  1 I have a good relationship with most of my classmates.  2 I was surprised by the price of petrol last week.  3 The main advantage is that I can watch films in the original language.

4 Yes, I belong to a photography club.  5 Yes, I have an allergic reaction to cats. 6 I am most scared of heights. Unit 89 1 1 C  2 I  3 E  4 A  5 H  6 D  7 F  8 B 2 1 about  2 –  3 in  4 –  5 to  6 on  7 with  8 him 3 1 apologised of for 2 apply for a job 3 entering into 4 agree with 5 laughing to at 6 searching for 7 phone to the shop 8 to at

Unit 90 1 1 1B, 2A  2 1B, 2A  3 1A, 2B  4 1B, 2A  5 1A, 2B 2 1 A really strange thing happened to me this morning.

2 Please don’t stare at the people on the bus. / Don’t stare at the people on the bus, please.

3 I’m staying at home to care for my daughter. 4 What did you think of Heather’s new apartment? 5 All of Bert’s grandchildren take after him. 6 I’m not going to stand for your dreadful behaviour. 3 1 thinking  2 feel  3 came  4 talking  5 ask  6 see  7 look  8 think

Unit 91 1 1 out  2 up  3 down  4 down  5 off  6 in  7 up  8 up

2 1 set off  2 keep up with  3 make (them) out  4 making up for  5 Look out  6 catching (you) up  7 give up  8 turned (the race) round

1 I have filled it in already. 3 2 Look the meaning up in a dictionary. / Look up the meaning in a dictionary. I looked it up in the dictionary. Are you looking forward to your holiday? I’ve been looking forward to it for weeks. Can you write the address down for me? / Can you write down the address for me? 4 1 setting off, depart  2 pull down, move   3 eat up, complete  4 lift (me) up move  5 take (my tooth) out, remove  6 sit down, move move  5 1 give up  2 made up  3 work out  4 turn (me) down  5 give (all our books) back  6 put up with  7 cut (our weight) down 6 1 cut on sweets and chocolates down down on sweets and chocolates  2  3 make out it make it out  4 keep up them with keep up with them  5 work the answers to these awful number puzzles in this magazine out work out the answers to these awful number puzzles in this magazine  6   7 take off them take them off  8 make it up for make up for it

3 4 5 6

Unit 92 1 1 They’re taking/doing an exam.  2 She’s doing her make-up.  3 He’s taking (some) medicine.  4 He’s having/taking a shower.  5 They’re making a mess. 2 1 got ready  2 get help  3 got (to) the answer  4 you get older  5 got better

3 1 made  2 done  3 made  4 do  5 have  6 take  7 get  8 get  9 doing  10 take   11 doing  12 getting

Unit 93 1 1 lived  2 reminds  3 come  4 keep  5 left  6 remember  7 leave  8 stay

2 1 leave  2 bring  3 keep  4 keep  5 lived  6 remember  7 stayed  8 reminded

3 1 take/bring dogs  2 leave the windows  3 stay at  4 remember  5 keep your baggage   6 keep (on)

Unit 94 1 1 injured  2 sensible  3 sympathetic  4 amusing  5 valuable  6 an injured   7 sensitive  8 damaged 2 1 enjoyable  2 sensitive  3 injured  4 damaged  5 valuable  6 likeable 3 1 valuable  2 expensive  3 hurt/wounded  4 sensible  5 likeable  6 enjoyable

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Model answers 4 1 My most valuable possession is the old car I bought when I passed my driving test. 2  I’ve only been badly injured once – I broke my arm when I fell off my bike. 3 I’m very sensitive about my ears – they’re quite big. / My teeth are very sensitive to cold things, like ice cream. 4 I had a really enjoyable weekend – I went mountainbiking with my cousin.

Test 1 C  2 A  3 C  4 B  5 B  6 A  7 B  8 A   9 C  10 B  11 A  12 B  13 C  14 A  15 B   16 A  17 C  18 B  19 C  20 C

Module 18 Unit 95 1 1 journalist  2 independence  3 illness  4 assistant  5 trainee  6 information   7 nationality  8 Italian  9 waiter   10 treatment

Review 1 1 to  2 about  3 at  4 great  5 in  6 in  7 to  8 tell

1 The doctor told me to give it up. 2  2 I came across it in the garden.  3 I’ll write to him about the problem.  4 I turned them down last week.  5 You can always rely on me.  6 We won’t stand for this behaviour any more. 3 1 stand for  2 keep up  3 give in  4 cut down on  5 get over  6 take after  7 turn down   8 set off done 4 sam I’ve just done the shopping and I think they’ve done made a mistake in the bill. It seems very valuable expensive. mum Let me have a look. Which supermarket did you come go to? sam The usual one. But I paid with a £50.00 note and I’ve only got £3.00 kept left.  mum Well, be sensitive sensible, there must be a mistake. The shopping’s usually only just over £20.00. Did you stay keep the receipt?  sam Yes, it’s here.  mum Take Bring it to me then. Look – this says £27.00. They should have given you £23.00 change, not £3.00. Didn’t you remind remember to check the change in the shop?  sam No, I was in a hurry.

5 0

C O P H O T 2 P E N A 3 T R A F F I 4 R I S E N G A G E D 6 L I K E A 7 R E M I N D 8 A C T 9 K E E 1

5

U R S E O L T Y C K B L E I O N P

10 

1 A  2 B  3 A  4 B  5 A  6 B  7 A  8 A 6 7 1 made a decision  2 taking part in  3 keep (on) working  4 cause of  5 strong swimmer  6 cut down on  7 thought about changing/thought about a change in  8 get dressed  9 just worked it out  10 are looking forward to 8 1 C  2 A/C  3 A  4 B  5 B  6 C  7 B  8 A/B  9 B  10 C  11 B  12 A/C

2

1

S R T U U S D 7 S E D 8 9 D E C I S I O N U A G T T N N 11 C O E 12 H R P A O 13 B N R 14 A P P L I C A N T I E U N G D U 16 N G O V E R 17 P A Y E E S S E S 5

2

C 6 Y G C R L E I F F E S K T 10 D X A M I S C U S S 15 P O L I O N M E N

3

4

S I I M L P E R R E N C E C S E S I N A T I O N N I S M S H T

Unit 96 1 1 impolite  2 unusual  3 excellent  4 untidy  5 unhappy  6 careful 7 irresponsible 8 careless   9 helpful  10 suitable 2 1 fashionful fashionable  2   3 helpful helpless 4 unpolite impolite  5 thirstful thirsty    6 patient impatient  7   8 painful painless. 3 1 illiterate  2 expensive  3 continuous  4 impossible  5 illegal  6 drinkable 

Unit 97 1 1 dislike  2 commercialised  3 lengthen  4 solidify  5 unpack  6 activate  7 misbehave  8 overcharged 2 1 overheating  2 specialises  3 disconnected  4 outgrown  5 reorganising  reorganising 3 Next term we will be disorganising our modern languages department and introducing two new languages. Mrs Birkin will be taking Spanish and Mr Dawson will teach Mandarin. Mr Dawson has recently joined us from Frobisher High School where he specialated specialised in Asian languages. If you wish your child to enrol in either of these classes, please notificate notify the deputy head.

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As some of you may know, we have overgrown outgrown our existing computer room. We will be dehousing rehousing the computers in a new computer centre and work will begin on this in January. While we are doing this we will be modernifying modernising our own computer systems and making changes to the school’s website. One last piece of good news. In this month’s exam results we have reperformed outperformed all other schools in the area, achieving 65 grade A results! Congratulations to all Year 8 students.

Unit 98 1 1 two-seater  2 scuba diving  3 worn out  4 short tempered  5 credit card  6 bank account  7 duty-free  8 well-paid 2 1 half-price  2 three-hour  3 firefighter  4 loose-fitting  5 traffic jam 3 1 high school  2 good-looking  3 self-confident  4 colour blind  5 hard-working  6 website   7 classmates  8 worldwide

Review 1 1 painful treatment   2 a famous artist  3 a successful applicant  4 an attractive Italian   5 a dangerous activity  6 incomplete information   7 an expensive decision 2 1 modernise  2 falsify  3 instructor/instruction  4 national  5 insistence  6 communication   7 shorten  8 ignorance 3 1 outgrown  2 underpays  3 outdid  4 rebuild  5 misinformed  6 dislike 4 1 a record shop  2 of the payee  3 a high-speed  4 window shopping is just  5 production of electric cars 6 she is self-employed  7 left-handed people can  8 Hungarian invented that 5 1 education  2 reorganised  3 high-quality  4 low-price  5 expensive  6 difference   7 disliked  8 examinations  9 part-time   10 national

Test 1 C  2 A  3 C  4 B  5 B  6 C  7 A  8 B  9 C   10 A  11 B  12 A  13 B  14 A  15 B  16 C   17 B  18 C  19 A  20 B

Module 19 Unit 99 1 1 A  2 A  3 B  4 A  5 A  6 B 2 1 )  2 ; 3 ,  4 .  5 ’  6 : 3 1 Is this the bus to the airport ?  2 We’ve got two televisions : one in the living  3 4  5 6

7

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room and one in the kitchen. Although it was expensive , my Danish stereo was worth every penny . What a disgusting thing to say ! I packed a toothbrush , some clean clothes , my shaver and a warm scarf. Alison went upstairs ; the children stayed in the garden . “ I don ’ t know the answer , ” she replied . OR ‘ I don ’ t know the answer , ’ she replied .

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8 How do you spell ‘ charisma ’ ? 9 George Washington ( 1732 – 1799 ) was the USA ’ s first president .

 10 Do you have a pen or a pencil in your bag ? Unit 100 1 1 Norio Ohga  2 Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony  3 theory  4 Herbert von Karajan  5 12 cm  6 his best Beethoven recordings 2 1 Caroline has been to the surgery and she has spoken to the doctor.  2 I was going to phone my mother but I forgot to do it. 3 The children were laughing and they were smiling as they ran out of the door.  4 I can’t speak Spanish but my best friend can speak Spanish.  5 Dario wanted to come to your party but he wasn’t able to come to your party.  6 You could put it in a plastic bag and you could throw it in the bin.  7 Hank chose the blue jacket and Laurence chose the grey one.  8 I have to visit my grandmother because I promised to visit her. 3 … the fans were determined to have a good

they

time and that is exactly what the fans did. Susan Boyle may be new to performing but Susan Boyle she certainly knows how to please a crowd. The audience were standing up and they were clapping at the end of ‘I Dreamed A Dream’ – the song that first made Susan famous around the world. In fact ‘I Dreamed A Dream’ it/the song reached number 1 in the US. Not many new singers reach number 1 in the US do this with their first record, especially singers those who are not American. The concert ended with the song ‘Memory’ from the musical ‘Cats’. ‘Memory’ It/This is a beautiful song which really shows Susan’s powerful voice and shows her emotional power.  Many critics have compared Susan Boyle to Barbra Streisand and they have compared her to Celine Dion, but Susan Boyle she is unique. You are going to be hearing a lot more about Susan Boyle her very soon!

Unit 101 1 1 but  2 As a result,  3 and  4 Nevertheless,  5 because  6 On the contrary,  7 Therefore,   8 although 2 1 and  2 Then  3 However  4 reason  5 or  6 In  7 Therefore/Consequently  8 However   9 Although  10 and

Unit 102 1 1 It was Shirley Bassey who/that sang many of the James Bond theme songs.

 2 It was Michael who/that took those photos.  3 It is Fred’s best friend that Sally is married to, not his cousin.

 4 It is The Marriage of Figaro that is Mozart’s most famous opera.

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2 1 is the house  2 have I been treated  3 did my

We wish you loads of luck every success with your

sister  4 did the children make a mess  5 are my friends 1 It is  2 that are  3 could they  4 it wasn’t  3 5 neither did

future. We are sending back returning your CD with this letter. Best wishes, Yours sincerely, Allie Henshaw ABC Records

Unit 103 1 1 Chinese Democracy is the latest album by music legends Guns N’Roses. The album follows fourteen years in which the band has not made any recordings. It has been a difficult period, the low point of which was the arrest of singer Axl Rose in 2006.  2 Folk music is often neglected by critics. Less commercially profitable than other forms of modern music, the music is considered to be of interest only to a minority. However, those who like it are often fanatical about it. 2 1 B  2 A  3 B

3 1 The town was the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

2 The most important venue is the Festival Hall, which (was) opened in 1926.

3 One of the founders was the famous Austrian composer, Richard Strauss.

4 To celebrate the 250th anniversary of his birth, in 2006, it put on all twenty-two Mozart operas.

Unit 104 1 1 G  2 A  3 I  4 E  5 F  6 D  7 B  8 H 2 1 Everything changed after the end of the war. 2 Our late arrival meant that we missed the start of the show.

3 S ilvia worked as my assistant before her promotion. 4 Our company has been much more successful since the takeover.

5 The reduction in taxes has pleased people on low incomes.

3 1 G  2 A  3 D  4 C  5 B 6 E Unit 105 1 1 1B, I 2A, F  2 1B, F 2A , I  3 1A, I 2B, F  4 1A, F 2B, I Grandma’s left the keys under the doormat. Dad, can I use the car tonight? I’d really like to win the competition. OK, Jim. I’ll think about it and I’ll let you know later. 5 Come in. Take off your coat and relax here by the fire.

1 2 2 3 4

Dear

3 Hi Mr Sheldrake, Thanks Thank you for sending in submitting the CD of your group’s music. My colleagues and I have listened to it carefully to your demonstration disk and I’m afraid we regret to inform you that we can’t give are unable to offer you a recording contract right now at this time. We feel that it’s a good idea it would be advisable to write your own material rather than copy other groups’ stuff perform cover versions of other artists’ songs.

Review 1 1 it  2 ?  3 : / –  4 They  5 !  6 them  7 they  8 ,  9 those/them  10 them 11 ,   12 it  13 ?  14 : / – 2 1 Not only did they  2 did them  3 in the small one  4 It was Celine Dion  5 than older ones   6 do that  7 It was Millennium that  8 but I did 3 1 and  2 was she  3 it is the conductor  4 Consequently,  5 Although  6 did  7 that   8 but  9 have I  10 and 4 In the last few years there has been a revolution in This the way people listen to music. (0) This revolution is largely thanks to a breakthrough in the way (00) we can record and compress sounds sounds can be recorded and compressed into a very small file. (1) We call this technology This technology is called MPEG – 1 Audio Layer 3, or MP3. MP3 is a development of the technology that brought us CDs in the 1980s. That technology was digital recording. (2) Digital recording This changes sound into a digital file that (3) a computer can read can be read by a computer. When music is recorded, it usually contains many sounds that the human ear cannot actually hear. MP3 technology (4) takes away removes /eliminates (5) the sounds humans cannot hear these sounds and compresses the music to a tenth of (6) the music’s its previous size. This means that a single CD can contain hundreds of songs instead of just ten or twelve. The reduction in the size of music files has also meant that (7) you can it is possible to transfer music over the Internet. People can now download music from a website and record (8) the music it onto a CD or an MP3 player. Apple developed their own version of MP3s and used the technology in their famous iPods. (9) iPods They were a huge success and (10) Apple has sold more than 500 million of them more than 500 million of them have been sold (by Apple) around the world. 5 1 A  2 A  3 B  4 B  5 B  6 A 6 B 2  C 5  D 6  E 7  F 4  G 8  H 1  I 3 7 1 I can swim but my brother can’t. 2 She asked her father to lend her some money but he refused. 3 The invention of the electric guitar changed music for ever. 4 It was Amy Winehouse who recorded Back to Black. 5 The children were sent home because the teachers went on strike. / Because the teachers went on strike, the children were sent home. 6 I don’t like spicy food and neither does my wife. 7 My best friend loves classical music; his favourite composer is Bach.

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8 1 A  2 C  3 B  4 B  5 A  6 C  7 C  8 C  9 B  10 A

Test 1 C  2 B  3 A  4 B  5 B  6 A  7 A  8 C   9 B  10 C  11 C  12 A  13 B  14 B  15 B   16 C  17 A  18 C  19 A  20 A

Module 20 Unit 106 1 1 D  2 B  3 F  4 A  5 E  6 I  7 G  8 C 2 1 D  2 A  3 E  4 C 3 1 to  2 is  3 know  4 do  5 when  6 there  7 tell 8 Don’t  9 know  10 which

1 ‘Are you’ ‘Aren’t you?’ 4 2 do we shall we? 3 no don’t you? 4 is the nearest bank the nearest bank is? 5 hasn’t he has he? 6 did she get that ring? she got that ring. 7 yes isn’t it? 8 ‘Didn’t they’ ‘Did they?’ 5 1 can  2 know  3 Does  4 is  5 can’t  6 Can 7 is  8 Is  9 shall 6 1 OK, and could you tell me how much TV you watch every week? 2 Thank you. I’d also like to know if/whether you listen to the radio. 3 That’s great. Do you know how many newspapers you read every week? 4 And can you tell me if/whether you read the same newspaper every day? 5 Right, and could you tell me if/whether you prefer to get the news from the TV, radio, or newspapers? 6 Finally, I’d like to know why you prefer that method of getting news.

Unit 107 1 1 E  2 H  3 F  4 A  5 C  6 I  7 D  8 G 2 1 Well, I did!  2 I think so  3 So did I!  4 No, I don’t! 5 I am, too.  6 I’m not.  7 I expect so   8 I won’t either. 3 1 So  2 don’t  3 think  4 haven’t  5 don’t 6 neither/nor  7 not

Unit 108 1 1 What  2 That’s  3 Really?  4 That’s  5 How 2 1 G  2 B  3 I  4 A  5 H  6 D  7 C  8 E 3 1 How a terrible thing! What a terrible thing! 2 personally obviously 3  4 ‘Wow! Really? / No! 5 What shame What a shame! 6 anyway to be honest/personally 7 That That’s/How 8 

Unit 109 1 1 not  2 really/so  3 really/so  4 earth  5 ever  6 did  7 so  8 do

1 Your little daughter is really/so delightful! 2 2 You’re such a terrible liar. 3 It does look good. 4 Wherever/Where on earth did you ride that horse? 5 I did hear it. 6 She drove so/really badly. 7 The travel agent gave us such/really bad advice 8 Who on earth / Whoever told you that? on 3 cathy What earth are you doing? davina I’m soaking my feet. Isn’t it obvious? cathy Yes, but ever what whatever for? davina I’ve been out running and my feet got such so/really cold.

cathy Running? You don’t go running! davina I do go running! I’ve been running quite a lot recently.

cathy Whenever do you find the time to run? davina Early mornings, before work. Today I’ve had such a long run in the park …

cathy But why are you doing it? You’re not interested in exercise.

davina I’m I am interested in it! I want to get fit and run a marathon.

Unit 110 1 [4] wife [1] doctor [7] doctor [9] doctor [2] wife [8] wife [10] wife

 es, you know, like he suddenly fainted Y or something. What happened? Yes, I mean, things like a bad heart or ... That’s good. Right, we’ll take him to hospital now. Coming? Don’t know, really. He just sort of fell over. ... Oh, no, nothing like that. He’s usually very healthy. Well, I’d better get the car and follow you. Won’t be a minute. Does he have any medical problems? Fell over, just dropped to the ground? Medical problems?

[5] doctor [3] doctor [6] wife 2 1 Coming  2 sort of  3 Well  4 Mmm/Yeah 

5 Don’t  6 thing  7 stuff  8 You know   9 I mean 3 1 ‘Ready to leave? We’re late’ ‘Yeah, coming now.’ 2 Got the things for the trip? 3 Remember Clark? Well, he’s left the company! 4 The new manager is kind/sort of odd. I mean, he looks really strange.

Review 1 1 isn’t there  2 Do they  3 isn’t it  4 I don’t 5 it is  6 so  7 Do you  8 mustn’t it  9 hope so 10 me too  11 do I  12 your class finishes 2 1 A  2 B  3 B  4 A  5 A  6 B

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1 sort of car 3 2 What How (nice) 3 You know, Right, 4 Wow! No! / Really? 5 stuff things 4 1 A, B  2 B  3 A, C  4 B, C  5 A  6 C  7 B  8 B  9 C  10 C

5 1 really  2 wonder  3 so  4 such  5 neither do 6 What a  7 know/understand  8 do have   9 so/really  10 don’t you

Test 1 B  2 A  3 C  4 B  5 A  6 C  7 A  8 C  9 B   10 C   11 C  12 B  13 A  14 C  15 A  16 B   17 C  18 C  19 A  20 C

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Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world. www.pearsonelt.com © Pearson Education Limited 2012 The right of Mark Foley and Diane Hall to be identified as authors of this Work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publishers. First published 2012 ISBN: 9781408299159 (with key)  ISBN: 9781408299166 (without key)  ISBN: 9781408299265 Class audio CDs Set in Frutiger and ITC Stone Serif Printed in China Illustrated by Paul Boston, Joanna Kerr and Roger Penwill Picture Credits The publisher would like to thank the following for their kind permission to reproduce their photographs: (Key: b-bottom; c-centre; l-left; r-right; t-top Alamy Images: Ace Stock Limited 62r, Art Directors & TRIP 115, Asia Images Group Pte Ltd 287, Andrew Bain 61, Howard Barlow 292, Ben Molyneux Sports 280, Adrian Brockwell 57, Ian Dagnall 176, Danita Delimont 70, Diana Bier British Library 294, Lisa F. Young 214, Glow Wellness 80, Jeff Greenberg 6, Peter Horree 59, Image Source 12l, 12r, 196, Image Source 12l, 12r, 196, Image Source 12l, 12r, 196, Boris Karpinski 153cr, Matthew Noble Studio 137, mediablitzimages (uk) Limited 33l, Jeff Morgan 8, North Wind Picture Archives 89r, Alberto Paredes 22, Patrick Bishop / PB Productions 157, Trevor Payne 142, PCL 28, David Pearson 2, Photofusion Picture Library 233br, Chris Rout 321, Royal Geographical Society 92, 96, Royal Geographical Society 92, 96, Alex Segre 29, 155, Alex Segre 29, 155, Uwe Skrzypczak 64, David Taylor 153cl, Urikiri-Shashin-Kan 272r; The Art Archive: Victoria and Albert Museum London / V&A Images 257; Bridgeman Art Library Ltd: British Library, London, UK / © British Library Board. All Rights Reserved 89l, Museo de America, Madrid, Spain / Index 100b; Corbis: Balan Madhavan / Robert Harding World Imagery 237, Bettmann 230r, Bettmann 230r, Daisy Gilardini / Science Faction 222 (Background), Araldo de Luca 233tr, Kevin Fleming 15, Hinrich Baesemann / dpa 242, HO / Reuters 173r, Image Source 65, 266, Jim Sugar / Science Faction 95, Liu Liqun 189, Walter Lockwood 152, Don Mason 18, moodboard 278, Nick Daly / cultura 244, North Carolina Museum of Art 231, Ocean 203, Tim Pannell 166, Peter Barritt / SuperStock 99, Radius Images 107, Terry Vine / Blend Images 252; Mary Evans Picture Library: The Women’s Library 103; Fotolia.com: ambrits 146, Yuri Arcurs 144l, Martin Bech 5/1, Dual Aspect 218 (Background), Dzmitry Fedarovich 274l, Maximino Gomes 298/0, Louella Folsom 5/6, lunamarina 31, Ilja Masik 152 (Background), Kablonk Micro 164, Monkey Business 84, Sergey Peterman 112,

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