Osprey, Men-at-Arms #437 The Spanish-American War and Philippine Insurrection 1898-1902 (2

3 uban mdcJX n I nr • .

)

~

lIOtI

C RONOLOGY

10

UNITED SATES FORCES

11

SPA IS

2

AR ED FO CES • L nH'" pr' 'III in allliH' r '~I 111 nirlll m , \rlll\' and an ili,1I [O!' : P nm'lll:1I lillilonll 1m! kalllllJl mn., "mel ill iKlli;t - ,I em ternU:1l I ... - ,lib n valunt 'l'" - ,\- ap fl. • Th' 'an •

A D FIUPI 0 I SU GE TS •

h III .m an 1 ill,i

• \\I:ap n ollh

.tUon: (I anlJ. III III

II II -

38 ulli,o

n...,

SE ECl BIBUOGRAP Y

43

PLAT COMMENTARIES

4

INDEX

48

Men-at-Arms • 437

2

Alejandro de Quesada· IIlustra ed by 5 ephen Walsh 5,

or r

Photogr phlc credt Unl

O\Iwlr........yj.~'

oIADeOH

info

07 08 ACIP

10 11

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 J 2 \

_'or

FOR A CATAU:lGtJE Of """.....,y .n.JIARV

"""J I\'MI!UN

from

'evew.1 h.co.u

all 1m3lge$,are frcm rho c:oUo!lCtl4om

T

HE 5

..

_ ~

"

W'.lp

4

l)

.mizau

n \\

wi lei d n - lh

rn n

t i n t rventlon .1I .111 111'111 r'llI
n Cuba, 1898

h 1I

III

t u{

Lh

nl

aI

ar'<

th '

5

6

n

CUI II

oriall0n

7

Th

I'll •

8

men t.s

\\l'l

9

'~I

. rat

en

after ~Iar

c lIba

,Ut' ~I\

i l 11\, Jj t

n in R

1101 III

n"

Iim,lna II

,In

nt in

Lh

I

hip •\Ifl/II

ident

d

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blow Nnle

lar

th,1l

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tal

til \i1r '

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til' il<

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f Re r

iv·s 1 nel al

II'

1"'1' lo 1[', VI'

~lIalll:\lI:.tIIlO

ra

p<, F • Ii

R,n. 'lIh41. nd

slabli h ni

Philip}I;I" ti 10

l

hip- unci r Rt"ar

. m ) pro\'in e uf :ub
pimUll '. an I u ) dl' Clmpaign.

'u> /II1(lldll \ JI/\llt r~1/1

- - Batllt

uJ

~"'O

Rico and l.h Philip in

jun

attar.' (

troop

In

.\lamln.

\ iii mill

ltl

,II

fl

M II) \

J uJ Ih, PIlllil,/mlt'11I

Wl

If/I

iloll.

[VP

omt"

uniforms

1

Br th early ,lTJ1i1a. lin . [Q

s.

12

ill

(.\\1 dll'

I 01 lit· Ii rill III

lilt'

'I

111lll1b'I

C:

1111 ,II 11 III IU II

li)J)
in I.m : Ih t'

13

(bUl

bman d wn.

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11

oPPOSITE A Hrv-Int of Itil. VOlunlHrS, • •Irlng hI. M1&83 aek eoIIt and M188. C:Il'l'lpllgn Nt; hi. C:ln..,l, '-9olng• ...". 10 bII dIl1I brown, InCl "- t_

-.... I " ...... row

·H··buc~

MM. H. chemlnllnd .tri~ _ bolt! wnl1..

~ ~

Dumg the , . . . .tr1lckltlng the

tum fit the

c.nt..., u-. w.-

_ I d......

~

IIIout

tM.,...wy~to

bII cthpt.,ed "" 1M plIfb fit &M~"""of"" COiMl . . . . tooy ~ ~

.. brief "'~ . . In . . _

. . . . . . . Aodct; . . to lie

__ \lIP first.

~

--W " - but'-

. . coM

~

....... of ........ ,.U- ehM

h

US

Anftr...-. ....

1Iutt-. .........

~...

---

Spt'• ......, ~ wfttI lbed IOdIet llew_-. _

Inllunl8: khaki uniforms

1111' NCOs' che\Ton.. for lhe r..h.lr..l fi~lcl Illlllorlll\ wert." milialh 1lI1changed in design, MbUI of ~lIc-h 1ll,IIt'ri,tl a-.. nM\ he found most suiwblc for scnice·; and for the lnfaml"\, till' c-he\Ton.!> anc! th~ colored collars and epaulets were 110'" to Ix- ~r..\·hlut', Aftt'f 190:! Ihe\ wen: .... om !>oim upwards, and were also 10 be worn on the oli\c dr.d) ..hin .... hen in shir~ltt'\e order. :"io insignia were worn on lht" colored t'paulcu. .md no ~a," .. tripes wt"re \\-om on tht." l..har...i trou.§('1"i On lheir Ulal.i cOllon or 01l\t' drotb wnol CO.Il offiC'l'r'\ displa\ed natit)flal and branch collar insignia a,.\ prnlOu~h. in mel.d, "lnCt' th~ had 10 1Jt.'" easih I"l'mO\ Iir..eh 10 ;UlJ'act the allention of enrm\ ~h
H•• doe., In 1R9 the standard hC."adgear lor llndrt'~~ and ncnd.n

l~

m all rank5

dnd branches of the Arm' W
nlindrkal M1R95 r(,"\"(:!"'it'd the tmdiunn;d .. h,Ipt'. \\llh an enlarged row'n ~light.h wider than lhe h..'\nd; II W,I~ hif{hh unpopular, ,lIld was olle uf Ih(' Hrst ilems 10 di'lappe;lr in lilt" unilunn ('"flanj.t("<; of 1902,

us

V Corps order of battle. Santl390 roglon. July 1. 1898

CorPfl troops

'st sao

8tt'1 & 22nd us ~1! RegIs.

""'"

2nd b

AniMrr)/ Gnmee:'

•

2nd Ol'llMiJlGen t Swlonl 1~1 LJ.dcwl

HO Sla", lSt S<:r!. M US C8v ~","J" C & E CoB, Eng Bn. S9-.al DelIlorrnent: HolIpitai Bly, Boors Sly, Caprorl. Bty,

Pa'khnt's Bly lead14x 3.2n~, Pa1<&'~ Bty 14.: Gl'llingI ~ ~ gan'lson IBngGen [);/bllIdl ~t1 ~ 8ltlCho. 33ra& 34'" M»;hgarl '\itlI ~ Asg'.s

E BI

2nd Ma.SIIC/luIfIno- \til,"! Ret/! ICol MilOI) 1M. 4lh & 2:.>lf'l US W AtIgts )roo &Ie ~~ Ota"-l 71t1 121l , PIt1 US In! AIlt:rs 1'IdllPIIltAi>" fb ~ BIIiIII 0& "l'IUl'

III USAn..,.

'.

& - - 'obi

CMlIlry 0Iv

, .. DIvIIk>n ~ K8'll, 'st S ptdlt cBrogOen ~ f

& 18r> US'" Regrs

~lll

..... Yo1<

'001 W Rug!

hlbJ ICCIl ~ ~ 10lt> .. 2'. US w RagI3

... _""

'3ln & 24lh t.5 W A!gts

~

~

_,.,.,~."

F

liltL6Wc..AIIl}l

hb(:ol CInoIva ~ ~

.WI , ~ USc.... AIgts

,.

o

ICJaJ etl

of • regu Cay lry m n w • around 1 200 m n n thr e lKl,U dron of four comp 1'Ile5. How 1/ r, only two quadrons p r r glment were shipp d to Cuba, wh re unit st ngth al/eraged bout 400 m n; with 600, th "Rough RldenJD were unUBU I,

en

p. ",or'

1 f'a gf'OlI

lal \Va • II

PPll n

Acco terment

he b

16

~\ Irplll'i

h~lni

an I

n

I allem"

,UI1 11 t'

Ii

UI

II

'sf m. had I t't 11 ,uba. 10 lh - I -Iel

.1

III

.~.

o lei hi 'id

7

had [ b' loa I d inLO thi on at a tim . "All Krag are.3 -40 caliber ccnterfire: all were m nufacnJred at ill pringfiel t mary. h ar bolt action operated; magazines held five TOunds of ammunition and are loaded from t.h right side through a large hingecl loading gate. Blad type from ights t in a high tud near lh muzzl are used on all model" (lay rman, 470). However in 189 m ed ral and t11 tulk of t o'oop bad nOl yet b. 0 i u d wit..h Krag , and were till u'in the b I [ [1 73 in I - h l. 5-7 ~ "apdoor" pringfi Id rifl and ar inc. Apart fr m their sl w r ral o. fire. th se still u d bla k p wd r canridge , ~ h..icu produced a vel' visible smoke cloud when fir d, lhu revealing tll Ameri an oldi r position to the enemy. h 1872 It. 5 al sing I action nn' revolver of Frontier f m wa r [u bi h d b military arm r r , having i 7 l hin barrel 'hart ne I b 2in in th lR90s; this barteo d It Will known ill the "Artillery Model". Hundreds of urpLu 01 pw'eh sed b v rioll t militias, and fi r th 1st US Jun r aval '("Roug-h Rider ") al the . tart f the ani hri an W r. Regular era p' and 0 Ticers were issued Lh d llble- lion olt w Arm' nd revolver M 1892 and M1 , \ iill a swing-om cylind r in ali r. few R mingtol1 n 0 .44-40 singl -3 tion Arm' r v Iv r 0 whi h onl 2, 00 w r pr du d in 1 1-94, were n t d in II e dll ing he panjsh-Am 1'i an War. h It ingle- and d hI -a tion Arm revolver weI' arried in [h MJ 7 h Isler 1 ath r. in ru

18

Sanors resting aboard Adm Dewey's flagship. USS Olympia, after the battle of Manila Bay. Note the mIxture of white and blue uniforms and headgearsee Plate F.

nd MARINE CORPS 1I11ifilnn 01 lilt' • il r h~ d h n~ d Lale . II

.
rs would

W('.lI .l

trip; Ii 11

9

from lilt' 1897 regulatiuns ...huws tl1('11\ stildwd down wuh dark thread. bllt the le;"1 Slates that black thrc
Naval officer. \ \....ncl' of unifonns \\t're spcclhcd for IISC m ulfiun.. In an order of Januan 16. ISii. the sad. COOl inlmducc-d 111 IHtii w;u R"pbcrd m a nt'\\ senice coot. TIlis, like Ihe Idlcf 1$93 Anm omcen' Imd.. ~ COOl. '"'ou lrimmro \\ilh braid in lustroll~ bl..d. Dlulldir. on dle 'ilandtng colbr. the (rom edges, around 111 bottom and up the bad. 'IC'aDl\. Rank 11.," indicued m' stripes of b1ad., brnid lI1"itc.-ad of dIe guld Lie«' ,,'orn on other blue coats, and the cufT JtM of th.. llI1e (.merr ""4l'i ominw. RMtl. "'0\:, also indicated on the "il.... nding colbr. b\ thl' SoUTU.· iIUIJitTl13..u ust'd on mr t'p3uleLS and shoulder tr.lps, embroidn-ed 111 hl$;h relief: in lead of the ~old d~ices of the shoulder ornarnen~, hO\\C'\""Cr. heulenant:o. \\o~ r-"J ....h-er ban. and ma5lers .. singlf" iher bar - b\ I 'i ihtt ,,'UUkllx U"ied fOf" aU gr.tde ornamenl5 of both Ih~ r-'O K'"0IlJ)'l ollofficen. Thu "'Ob Ihe coal. in il.'i 6naJ form, that "'"35 COpied in tM9!t b\ the AnD\' .is the IUldtess and f.uigue jacket (or officef"\ The ~hite :'\3"'- otrlCe.-s' ~r\ice Cl)dl of IHN; ~as J>'luemed on the blut::' nice coat of 1877, ~-;" omlUl,d f.rom thf' .sIC'(·..·cs and corps dC'\ic fmm lhe collar. there \\.:L'i no 11.01' 10 de~nnine an officer's special~' ",hen he \\~ lI.t"arinM; Ihi.) ('~IL Bolh the blue and "hitt: coats were still in use b) l"n'a1 onken "ell after World War I The frock coat of IRR6 Wfl.5 ~imil.lr to th.1I of Ii'G2. "ith mi.norchangeo; in CUI to foUow conlempot3r) l of the filii drt'!IS CO<1t of 1852,

20

US Marines On April 22, 1898, lh.. day .1Iter waf \V;IS declared wilh Spain, the lSi Uallalion of !\I;U'illl'S, comnl.lnded by LIC.oI Rnbert \V.Huntington. embarked [rOIll BroolJ\'1l. NY, un the L'SS Palltll", for 01 sLI~ing area at Ke) Wesl, Florid.'!. After addition;11 tr:uninK 011 No, \\Nl, u1e battalion again boarded dlt' Pa"tMr-, Frolll which il madt' its (a11l01l~ l.mding al CuantanamoonJunc 10. U110 st,'curinK tll(' fi~1 bt'4lChht"ad on Cuba nearlY Iwoweeks before the arrival of the t\lm,. Durinlot Ih("operalion. supponing "ihellfire from ship'" offshore bl..1fdll fallinlo: hnll. "Se.-geaOl John Quid became tht'" first hem of the "-:lr when he calmh picled up $emapltoff n~, walked (0 the top of it ridge and iWtakd it lIl("<;Slgt'" redirecullg the shi~' J;Unfire a.~ Spanish htdlets buaed abom him. lit" ~""3.." awardrd the CoogreWonai ~Iedal of Honor foe hu action· (('..Mnpbdl. 16).

\ lW

I

Ih

till

1I

21

1Il1ifo! III III

\\hir

C IT n

at

dll 'lilh

\.l

Illin

d I ullil r

• I.

du d lur oHM I d Ii pat JJ

ap

1m ,["it e cI rt

In

)mini

.11

.

rh·

.ll

t

had

23

A I HARM D FORe s AUXILIARY FORCES to

h I .l

,un,


2

um I II .J

ENCAMPMENT, CUBAN ARMY OF LIBERATION, 1895-98 1: FIrst serg nl, In1 ntry 2: Ma Gen Col no G rc 0 3: Copla n of c y lry

WACTI G TO E BARK; TAMPA. MAV~U 1: COflXJfiIJ, 715' NY VOIU' r infantry 2: Sergea 1 US Artlll ry 3: Colonel. 1st US C valry 4: C pta n, 24th US (Colored) Infantry

B

GARRISONING THE SPANISH BLOCKHOUSES; SANTIAGO. JUNE-JULY 1898 1: serge nt, 1st Bn, Cub Inf Reg! (No.65) 2: Pnv , 6th Bty, th Mtd Arty Regt 3: U nt, Rey C v Regt (No.1)

c

PUERTO RICO. JULY 1898 1: C ptaln, Allonso XII R fie Bn (No.24) 2: Pr wate, P Rifle Bn (No.25J 3: M or, 6th Massachu US Volun er Infantry

In

4' P"v m, 19th US Inf "try

E

ILA BAY MAY-AUGUST1898 1: Seaman. US V'J 2= CommodcmJ G4torge Dewey, US Navy 3: Chief petty • US !IVY : Sergeant. US

Corps

AGUINALDO'S FORCES: LUZON, 1898-1902 1: Fli p no nsurganl, n t va d s. w th I "taka cannon 2: F I P no In urg nf with Span h 3: Filipino In urgent offIcer

u pm nl

G

JUNGLE FIGHTl G; PHIUPPINES, 189~ 902 1: Corporal, 20th Kansas Volun In' nlly,1899 Private, Ph "ppines Con bul ry. 1901 3:

oro insurgent.

dalUlO. 1902

110\\

bUllnl\~

33

34

U1J

('

"ell w \01r/m IIH

II IT

'nap, ( k

bly fronI I In' t (No.291. suppa d· hOWl1 defending th , pa lion dunng the battle EI C n 't on Ju 't t. ote the sh 110 tranche. protected by b rb d wIre

0'

~cattle

, nelng".

35

Units present In Santiago region, July 1, 1898

-

• Sinw'aa AilQt,

em ar." lOIn ~ krf 8rI 8lrI Bty, .ttI HorM M'i Regt

lit &\.

hII'

7!ltm1

""" , Sl

Brr:. 5th FOOl My Reg! 14" GOtmI

..... ~-'tf'o lSI

~

&> DI PoM\:) Ar:I:l

04... 8'\. ....... ~ ""'" I.&> s..~RIlgl: " 1S

Ih .... A!Igt

.55t

111 & 2nlI8"cL ~ RIg!

6&

601,

1 IXI

Cav R8gI Ft.y .I'tc t - tIPPIDI" 2 ~ GollmId Coe. T«t::la I &. Z fQ)IOlI Ii 1ft. cI 'IIIIf*1l hili m:a

'" 8""""

It &\. ~ AlgI .8'l.~F'-lll

c....y~Rtr

"ic:a -3 CZII - ~ I GO

_'-.0

"lit eo . . Bl'I- oWllotorM M; FlIal'"

0... t:IpIiist ~

~

-Cub.m \iliunieci n."ualioll~ hen' it [Ofu' of "ollie flO.UOO m~n and were o~ized. tr.tinro. and e'qlllpptd liL..t' the rr-gtl1a.r" infanm•

•Irtillt=n. (.naln. and

('nginec~

f\\o ooluhons fonned

;I

r~mnn:

.SlancLu-d pcarenmc- ..u-enRth of .. battalion "ilh foUJ •.eLi, OUld ol\e depot compan'- \\"':ib U).I ofTKC" and men. mneascd In J ,nOli dunl" wartime. ')pai0 furni hed arm~ .1I1d amlJlunition. bUI Iht' \ulum«1"'i \\rH' paid ~ Qbo"Il"(.hil~ jIOL" I. In ~ t:.l!'>IIW .after Ih(' wa,.- ([Iun~ & ~lcAfec.

(0) . . \Jthuugh the COUldj.;C' and l"fMc-in in bailie ul o;onll' 01 the dcfellder\ of ..he San Juan po.. ilion drr\\ jlhniril1l; comment from Arnt:ricm ~lIch 3 .......tem nalur.t1h did nUl en("ou...,,~t" diehard I(",otlf\" Dunng the L c;unpaign in Pueno Rico the- dclealL'" olltitude of Lhe Spani.q, ~urpri~1 m.un Amenca.m:. C">pt"ci;tlh mO'oC' \0\ 110 enter I Ihe pon ("in of Ponce. "hen -the fircomen and \"OluJltecn 01 lhe Puerto Rir.m B.maltorn I)a.-aded m uniform .md petilinnN! General Miles 10 bt' pennill«l LO enlist ill Ihe American :Irnl\'M (FICletd, 2G6) - lhe'jC \olumeen "ould fonn llll' ha~is for tJw Porto Ril(1 Provision,ll Illf,lIl1n Rt.'Kiment III 100 l. Weapons nH~ uniforms of the Cull.m \UIUlllttr oouahon wt:~ iclentiall to tJU)5e \\urn 1)\ regular I:rOO~ ho"'e\t'r, Ihe\ "l'rr SCi ap'u t b\ their obsolete equiplllt:nbo .md '\l·,lpt)llS. Tilt.' ~wnd,lf(1 rilll" I~ucd to theo;e batwhons wa_~ lhe ~inJ.:lc-shOl R£'mington ~rolling·bloclw, wilh ,I M)("lel Iy.I\Onel; mounlcd mluntcl'r~ "tfried Ihe carbin(' \'t.'niQIl of 1I11~ mude!. "hile anilll'rynwn and cng;lH'cl'S 1\(.'11' .lddiliOlI,lllv i"Mlcd wilh "hon-,,"nrds. ThL' Rt.'millKlon rolling-block ".LS a H:r", popul.t..- ;,r!ioll in maO" cUlIIltri.·,,; il "'itS eXIl"Clllcl\ UUIlK and simple. and cuulc1 be dloJmlln'ed lO take "m ,1I1111lunilion tJlen ,I\"il.lbl~. TIlt' nn~ hold been in use ~ since ib ,tccept..lIlre in IHm, and had lx"t"n produced under Licrn§t' at the <::hiedo ,tI'5t"naJ ~nct: IMil; lht." 11111111 rOlmd (-,·n Spanish-' had lx'en upr:.ucd in 1&19 ",ith a hc:.'"..it."r, hra'''"J.lclelc.'d rr/PnluuW bullel. TIle Sp.'l.msh MIA71 !Kt\UlIt'1 hOld ;\ he,t\ih billed 'iO<'kct and .1 long tli"ngttlar-M"cuon hladc:.·. TII(' Rl'mingtoll "",., O""d rcartrid~e.s,,,,hich mad den~"hil ..mole. For the regllla~ in Cub."I th(' ReminJitlun l'Il'rt' repbcffl ~rurr the "ou l'Iith the holhjuioll Sp.umh \1;III.!I(:r \11891 .1nd \11 ~)3 rifles. "hich tOl,l Inc round of smnld \ ammuniuon (7.6.:;0101 .md imm

m

3.

37

Coll1pam were recoUlmended sidearll1-lo, .lnd both companie\ sold rt:\'OI\'ers to the Spanish government during the laiC' 187lh Md I.hrou¢l the 1880s. 8\1 royal decree of OCl.ober 1884, a doublt."at:uon milh &.Wesson made under license tw Orbea ) Compania of E.ibar. Spain ~0lS apprmed for purc.h~ b\ offict"n; and dc~ignau~d me ~11N84. \lam of these \\cre brouglu 1>.1d as war soll\cnirs m American soldie~ returning from Cuba ami the Philippmes. THE NAVY

At the gale of a Spanbh Ion built be-sidt-o the railroad line between Gibara and Holquin in Cuba, ,I plaque W(IS inscribed \\'ith the appeal "Chri-loti:'ltl Traveller, SLOp and remove }'our hat! The grollnd YI)\I tread on is sacred, in the name of Ihe Cuerpo dl' "lj(mtPT1a d, Man',wlw,'''C Thc fon was namcd aftcr Seamen Rama and Cancela of the 2nd Bn, 2nd Regt of the RO''aI1\'il\'allnfantn' Corp!>, \\ho had died figilling alone on that SP()l in 1890. against a force of some 1,800 Cuban rebels. On shipboard. na\,,1 enlist("(IIIl(n wore a traditional blue or while jumper ....ith a bro."ul blue bib (or "Nelson") collar. a broad-topped flat cap and ....i de trousc=n; - lillie dinerenl from thOSt' .... om m na\il"'s around th~ ....· orld: the black hat ribbon bore the n3.Jlle of their ship in gold lettering (lot-"e Plate DI). S.,i10ni on land duty and those scr\ing as na\ :md round cutTs..... hich ....·ere edged with gold lace of\'aryinK \\idt.h according 10 rank. \ello'\ metal buttons bort' an upright fouled anchor surmoullled b\ a crown: anolher t)-pc nOh." in the NaV) and the Na,-allnfanU") wore a \isorrtl cap bearing a CfO\\'n and coronet (n'er an anchor .....ilhin an 0\";11, centt"rtd \\ithin a ....-realh. The afficen' insignia of the Cunpo d, Itifantmo. dr "'unPIn was a cro....n O\"cr cra-.scd tlllchol"5. and was lCluall" pinnt."tllo the collar of the uniform.

CUBAN and FILIPINO INSURGENTS CUBAN ARMY OF LIBERATiON

38

Organization The organil.ation of the Cuban Ann\ of Uberation was lomel, based upon variolls European and American models. but it ine."ilably reOccled the Re\oluuoll.tr) CO\-emment' relath-e shonage of men and equipmenL lllcrc .... ere onh t.....n organi7t"d branches - IOfamn and ca\.un. (Due to the shortage of both cannons and ship'S. born of which had to be diller captured or slnuggll"d in. the fel\ memben of the Cuban anillen ,mel "nOl\") ~ were u-e3ted as auxiliarY braorhes of lhe arow.) The majorit)' of weapons and supplies 11- d b~ me Cub;Ln insurgents \vere eit.her smuggled in by "rmparnizers from Cuban communities in the United Sttlles. or C:lIHlU'l'd on the b..'lulefield Or froll1 Spanish supply tl1lill~.

Iw 1\\0 bnmch I lh . ,trrn \\. li\ id I helW en C Jfp', ;.lJId ' It t l rp \\" mad up JI 11\ () UI m r dh'i in, a II Ih u.i)n wa:

l'1II'rfz/), lhr e

ld fiv -p inl t 'U

h

h riz uta! al" fi c-rl III b • n h color. . nd all • I (cabo). in de bal

3

The clurh ba kin on 10 \I hi h l11 • I ;jl1k in 'ip;ni \wrr I.. I \\ in III c Ion. the I n h r ~r\'i' .'\ lull n\'s: Blu = ene 1 1.4 II (e. fado l7Ia,\'ol) , rr' '/1 = inla.nl " (lIl!nlltn'i{I). r d = GI.... aJr> frnbnlll'lia). Iighl bro\\l1 =' ,utill'r\ III/til/nul) , r " n = ngin'l;' (in 'I'1l1l'T'QS). \'ell w = m eli ,1 fH I (flll/dad). bla = Judi ., r' tl1mJln jlmrlifn). and with = 'j, il U\ '111111 [il ({{fJh, ',w {/ I,ll

orr

lilt'

I

[flll

cI \ I I

n

plimili

l-

no

I

I, JI\ :

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1

Another view of Filipinos wee ring "liberated" uniforms and equipment; note particularly the variety of Spanish headgear - straw hats. sun helmets, barrecks caps and visored caps.

pOLCnL en ugh lLl an mbll h upon' pani h uluffin. Of l.h mulul.ud l' [yl and Lyp s 01 mall arm made I lJ Mom', nil l. W re Inal hl " will b r t el lub barr 1 and '1.0 f bamb 0 r 'om oLb r infelio W od. A £ w caru'iclge wea liS wefe II t·d as bem manuf~ lur d; th cartJidg S, usuall l of thin bras' b ring and holdin T a larg lead 111P; usnall' f b ·tWe 11 .65 and .75 aliber, w'r a1 '0 illdividually hand-mad. Artill ry pice s wert: cast opi of pani b mULLle-loadlng canl10n of tlJe 17th and 18lh centuries. ew modern panis]) 6 ld pie e were apwr d, bUl. t.b e proved diffi ull fo l.h in,"urg nLS lO Dr tel', U p ni"l) pri' n rs w re p r'u ded l op tt' Lh m - a pra ti l.h I. ani d 11 tl1rollgh lhe Filipiuo upri in of 1 99-1902. As tl) mach te spnb liz'd l11 . tourag 0 I ' del rminarion of the llban Mall/In" es. th Tiris' mb lued the fer cit of the M roo. Thi1> weapon i found Ll TOng-hom the [alav and Tndon ian archip lago in IllaD va,;anLS alld 'ue', from perhaps l..J:in to 28in tong. TIle oaw is p palar1 a i led will a" va .. blade o ca iOl all ~ lIncl.

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B: WAIT NO TO BARK; TAMPA, MAV-JU 1888 B 1: Corporal, 71 st New Vor" Volunteer Infantry 82: Sergeant, 1st Un ted St te Artillerv 83: Colonel, 1 t United States Cavalrv 64: Captain, 24 h United 5t tes (Colored) Infantry The 7181 New York wor a vanatlon of the M1B72 and M1883 sack coats, with white piPing around the collar; his chevrons and '/ln trouser strjpe are also white. The M1874 water canteen, In lIs stllched-on pale drab canvas coVer. had no ch nged In essentl I design since the Civil War: but the method of carrying th !loldler's other kit for subsistence In Ihe field had changed rad cally Although thiS was one of lhe State regiments Ihat e penmented w th he Merriam pacK before embarkation, I w not ken on campaign.

C: GAR I OHING THE PA H LOCKHOU A IAGO JUN -JU Y 1898 C1: Serge nt, 1st Battalion, Cuba Inf ntry R 91ment ( 0.65) C2; Private, 6th Ba lety.

lh Mounted Artillery

Reglm nt C3; Lieutenant, Cavalry Regim nf ey (No.1) Th lnt n ry sergeant's rayadil/o uniform of w Ite blue riped lickIng has /'lad the detachable coli ,and CU 3Clngs In Infantry green removed while In the field, but two loosely attach gold sleeve stripes dentrfy his rank, Th pillbostyle orro del cvartsl or "barracks cap" IS also In ticking material, w th three green stripes round the b nd. H Is In full campaign dress, InclUding a leather canleen hung from his bell, which h s his regimental number on the plate. This IS hldd n by "colonial" four-pocket cartridge pouches for Ihe Spanish Army's latesl 711)m M1893 Maus r bel -action nfle. The rt lIeryman is weanng a style of straw hat known as a Jipij8pa, decor led With he cockad In Ih national colors of Spain, and retained by a dark b ue nee cord xeQ 10 he ,Th emlng bomb of the arllil p on IS collar. Hrs belt Ulpment COOSlStS 0 a parr of rigid cartnd be as for his eatbi e ammun. '00. and an arlill word: e brass bUc plate bears he a II cy's ero ed crossed cannons over ad C2f1J101'lballs. va (y enan ears the same n u form as e o . but was of mer qu and l.aiIored to tas e. u shoulder ootd moun ed on epau A cockade is attached to h .te co el' 0 hiS 'Leopol Ina cap. His status IS Indicated by e small

5

The soldier of he Real Cuerpo de Infanlerla de Manna wears a rayadillo umfCJm1 SImilar to those om by he Army. but /ilth deep blue eu facmgs and U'OU strlpes. Three inetas ere se bo\Ie each cuff, an upngh ned anchor c!lspla ed on h collar e belt plate. The bej supporls n Id cartndge bO es and e Ie bayooe fOf 7mm a ser n

; PU ATO R CO, .JU Y 1898 E : Captain, Alfon 0 XII Rifle Battalion (No.24) E2: Private. Patrie R fie Battalion (No.25) E3: Major, 6th M ssachusetts Yolunte r Infantry Reglm nt E4: Private, 19th US Infantry Raglm nt This plate Imagines a scene during the surrender 01 the pori or Ponce to troops 01 Gen Nelson Miles' I Corps n late July 1898 The volunteer battalions In Puerto Rico wore the same uniforms as those In CUba, as prescnbed by regulatIOns of 1880 and 1892. The captain surrend ring h s sword IS seen anng his gray Leopoldina- cap with hIS unifonn for hiS so emn occaslOO - hiS everyday U I Offll ouId have been of Re linen, y or nJlf8d ' bfaided blu ic has sa en gold b ons and go shoUlder COfds' the stand co lar In Infan green as Sliver om branch badges. and t a cu s gold stnpes below silvar ars Infantry green also appears as strlpes on e madder-red roUselS.

rv

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note also brallch ragmen and can plrmed to e side. (In on documented case US Arrrrj musJClal\S even applied SpanS1lnfanny bugtehom IIlSJgNa to th r collars and hats.) Th woven cotton webblng MIllspan m cartridge bel 01 1896, taklng the .30- 0 rounds rer he Krag rifle, was made of superior matenals and treated to make It resistant to damp and rotting; 1t was fastened with a simple C~haped clip. Both 4S·round and eO-round b I were used dUring the Spanish-American War and Ph I pplne Insurrection, aOd soldiers ISSUed the former sometimes carried extra ammunition n a pair 0 spare socks slung around

A ILl. AV. AV- UGU 8 F1: Seaman, US avy F2; Commodore Gorge Dewey. US 8VY

F3: Ch e1 Petty Of1 car. US F : Sergeant, US e saJ or is reaJ'ltJg a "duoe cup~ ca

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ne Corps e summer picaJ ()\, WI the bnrn rolled p Commodore Oater m) Dewey wears the w I e undress unIform trlmmed With whl e mohair braid, as Introduced n 1886. nd a cap with a While cover; his ran Is Indl ted by h 5 shoulder straps. and by the old lace on the Visor 0 his cap. The chief petty officer wears his double-breasted coat with two rows of four buttons and fI pped skirt pocks . Th rating b d e, as Introduced In 1694. shows three chevrons nd an arc In scarlet. encloslng the I ship's wheel 0 his speoa The "figure elQ kno nd 9 tha he IS an e -appnlI'It.ice played on the loW nght sleeve. and on pes S is on h s Il'd rislment.

n Joachim Il

46

G: AGUI Al.DO'S FORCES; LUZD • 898- 902 G1: Filipino insurgent with Ian taka cannon G2: Filip no insurgent with Spanish equ pm ot G3: Filip no Insurgent oHleer In the early d ys of the stru99 e for Phillppin ,ndependence from Sp In th I was r e uniformity In th dress of the Insur ents. The majority wore combme! ons 01 European and native dress, In while, blue, rayaao or ev n checkered material. and edged weapons such as the bolo end I<.rls were commonly used, A range of more or less prlmlUve firearms were m nuf clurad by the Flllpino Insur ents and later by the Mora tribesmen. Including matchlock mus ets and crude cannons. In most cases. hese w used only to nfilet e Initial casual as tha1 allowed the Insu~enls to capture modern weapons Ilke Span ah Reml 910ns or US Spnng ds and Krags. A er I e lall a ManIla In August 189B Agum Ido's soldJerS ransac ad th Spanish rru ltary s and annories \0 obta,n much-needed supplies. equ,pmem, weapons and uruforms. I h, days. e ormerly ragFlIIPIOO S a ng much mol8 smartly ressed In Spanish rayadlJIo thOUg 911

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bareloo - and canyI rrearms Ii e he R on roiling-bloc ill I pp11es dWl led uenilla warfare look rl tol n 9OD-02 gUI do's army began looking much as it e days anda before Ih fall 0 A m Illtud 0 -Spamsh headga r, mInus tha Spanish cockade and 0 er inslgma. ranged from the s what 10 he Spanish naval pith h Imal: he officer wears a white-cov o IC r's c p. Filipino officers preferred to wear o"lcer~style Jack:ets With shoulder cords and broad trouser stripes, and some acquired Spanish officers' swords.

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