JED Magazine 2012-06

JUNE 2012 Vol. 35, No. 6

Future EW: Next Gen Jammer Also in this issue: Technology Survey: Spectrum Analyzers AOC 2012 Election Guide

With more than 50 years of electronic warfare experience, technology innovation, and commitment to the warfighter, BAE Systems has advanced the game for our naval forces with the Next-Generation Jammer. Partnering with the Navy and a dynamic industry team, we are developing a Jammer that disrupts and degrades enemy use of the electromagnetic spectrum to observe and attack U.S. forces. Technology, experience, commitment— it’s the right combination.

www.baesystems.com/ngj

Initial Detect Full Target Track T rget Ta g Vector




 

June 2012 •

Volume 35, Issue 6

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

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News

AOC 2012 Election Guide 56 Your in-depth look at the candidates for AOC President, Regular Directors and Regional Directors. Your vote counts.

The Monitor 15 US Navy Seeks Low Band Pod Options. Washington Report 28 House Passes HASC’s FY2013 Defense Spending Bill.

Departments

World Report 30 Australia Seeks EA-18G Modification Kits.

Features

6

The View From Here

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Conferences Calendar

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Courses Calendar

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From the President

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14

Letters

The Next Gen Jammer represents a critical leap forward in EW technology and is a key enabler for Air-Sea operations.

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EW 101

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AOC News

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Index of Advertisers

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JED Quick Look

Future EW: Next Gen Jammer John Haystead

Technology Survey: Spectrum Analyzers 47 Ollie Holt

Spectrum analyzers have moved out of the labs and into the field for maintenance and even for signals collection. What’s available for today’s EW market?

Cover photo courtesy US Navy.

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the

view

from here

EW

INNOVATION

JUNE 2012 • Vol. 35, No. 6

EDITORIAL STAFF Editor: John Knowles Managing Editor: Elaine Richardson Senior Editors: Glenn Goodman, John Haystead Technical Editor: Ollie Holt Contributing Writers: Dave Adamy, Barry Manz, Luca Peruzzi, Richard Scott, Gábor Zord Marketing & Research Coordinator: Kaydee Currie Sales Administration: Chelsea Johnston

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

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his month’s JED features a pair of articles that I hope you will enjoy. John Haystead writes about the US Navy’s Next Generation Jammer (NGJ) program, which is nearing the Technology Development phase. The second article, written by Ollie Holt, is a product survey of spectrum analyzers. Although they are very different, both of these articles illustrate the innovation that is at the very heart of EW. NGJ is undoubtedly one of the most important EW programs going. It will be an active electronically scanned array (AESA) jammer, which will provide unprecedented electronic attack capabilities on a tactical platform. In addition to providing greater performance, NGJ leverages billions of dollars of investment the DOD has made in AESA radar technology and applies it to EW. While this is a huge savings in an era of potentially austere defense budgets, it also is important to recognize that an AESA jammer differs significantly from an AESA radar. This is the main reason why the US Navy will spend approximately $2 billion to develop NGJ over the next several years. Yet NGJ still exemplifies what the EW industry does best – leveraging existing solutions from all areas of defense electronics, pulling them apart, developing new technologies and integrating them in new ways to build a system that performs the mission (in this case the airborne electronic attack mission) much better than before. If the NGJ program represents the technologically elegant character of EW, then spectrum analyzers typify the mass market. These systems have migrated from the lab, where they have traditionally been used to support development of radars, radios and EW systems, to the field. In Iraq, the US Marines were using bench-top spectrum analyzers for SIGINT missions as they tried to find the signals from radio-controlled improvised explosive device (RCIED) triggers in the congested EM environments of Baghdad and other cities. At the same time, US Army and US Marine Corps convoy personnel have been using inexpensive commercial handheld spectrum analyzers to perform ad hoc spectrum management and deconflict between communications, IED jammers and other electronic systems in convoys. This type of innovation has more to do with the EW operators who are leveraging existing hardware in new ways and the companies that are developing the software applications to meet rapidly emerging requirements. Why does this spirit of innovation matter so much to the future of EW? As defense electronic systems migrate from dedicated and discrete radars, radios, ESM systems, RF jammers, missile warners, DIRCM systems, IFF systems, etc., to multi-function systems, it will be the EW community that can offer the unique systems engineering and integration know-how to make these systems a reality. These multifunction systems may be designed for large, complex weapons systems, or they may be commercially derived smart-phones sporting an array of EW apps. Either way, the spirit of EW innovation, which reaches back to the early days of World War II, is certain to continue for many decades to come. – John Knowles

Mr. Tom Arseneault President, Electronic Systems, BAE Systems Mr. Chris Bernhardt President, ITT Exelis Electronic Systems Mr. Gabriele Gambarara Elettronica S.p.A. Mr. Itzchak Gat CEO, Elisra CAPT John Green Commander, EA-6B Program Office (PMA-234), NAVAIR, USN Mr. Micael Johansson Senior Vice President and Head of Business Area, Electronic Defence Systems, Saab Mr. Mark Kula Vice President, Tactical Airborne Systems, Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems LTC James Looney Chief, Electronic Warfare Division, Directorate of Training and Doctrine, Fires Center of Excellence, US Army CAPT Paul Overstreet Commander, ATAPS Program Office (PMA-272), NAVAIR, USN Mr. Jeffrey Palombo Senior VP and GM, Land and Self-Protection Systems Division, Electronic Systems, Northrop Grumman Corp. Col Jim Pryor Chief, Electronic Warfare, Operational Capability Requirements Headquarters, USAF Mr. Kerry Rowe Vice President, ISR and Force Protection Systems, Electronic and Mission Systems, The Boeing Company Wg Cdr P.J. Wallace Chief of Staff, Joint Air Land Organisation, UK MOD Dr. Richard Wittstruck Director, System of Systems Engineering, PEO Intelligence, Electronic Warfare and Sensors, USA

PRODUCTION STAFF Layout & Design: Barry Senyk Advertising Art: Christina O’Connor Contact the Editor: (978) 509-1450, [email protected] Contact the Sales Manager: (800) 369-6220 or [email protected] Subscription Information: Please contact Glorianne O’Neilin at (703) 549-1600 or e-mail [email protected]. The Journal of Electronic Defense is published for the AOC by

Naylor, LLC 5950 NW 1st Place Gainesville, FL 32607 Phone: (800) 369-6220 • Fax: (352) 331-3525 www.naylor.com ©2012 Association of Old Crows/Naylor, LLC. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced by any means, in whole or in part, without the prior written authorization of the publisher. Editorial: The articles and editorials appearing in this magazine do not represent an official AOC position, except for the official notices printed in the “Association News” section or unless specifically identified as an AOC position. PUBLISHED JUNE 2012/JED-M0612/7272

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JUNE Kittyhawk AOC & AFRL Sensors Directorate Technical Symposium June 4-7 Wright Patterson AFB, OH www.kittyhawkaoc.org EW, IO and Cyber Capabilities for Air, Sea Battlespace Operations Conference June 5-7 Charleston, SC www.crows.org

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trade s h ows

Whidbey Roost 39th Annual EW Symposium June 11-14 NAS Whidbey Island, WA www.whidbeyroost.org

Performance & Vulnerabilities of Modern IADs/SAMs Conference June 19-21 Huntsville, AL www.crows.org

International Microwave Symposium (IMS-2012) June 17-22 Montreal, Canada www.ims2012.org

3rd RF EW Conference June 28-29 Shrivenham, Oxfordshire, UK www.cranfield.ac.uk

JULY Farnborough International Airshow July 9-13 Farnborough, UK http://www.farnborough.com/airshow-2012

The difference: apples and You decide.

s?

EMS Combat Systems Life Cycle Management Conference July 17-19 Dahlgren, VA www.crows.org

AUGUST Educating the Spectrum Warrior: Harnessing STEM & Spectrum Management for Special Ops August 21-23 Hurlburt Field, FL (Fort Walton Beach, FL) www.crows.org

SEPTEMBER 8 The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

49th Annual International Symposium & Convention September 23-26 Phoenix, AZ www.crows.org

OCTOBER US-UK Directed Energy Conference October 8-12 Shrivenham, Oxfordshire, UK www.cranfield.ac.uk Pacific Theater Air, Sea Battlespace IO/ EW/Cyber Operations October 16-18 Honolulu, HI www.crows.org

NOVEMBER EW Asia 2012 November 14-15 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia www.crows.org

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AOC headquarters events noted in red. For more information, visit www.crows.org.

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aaicorp.com © 2012 AAI Corporation. All rights reserved. AAI is an operating unit of Textron Systems, a Textron Inc. (NYSE: TXT) company. AAI and design is a registered trademark of AAI Corporation. F-35 photo courtesy U.S. Air Force.

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JUNE Fundamental Principles of EW June 12-15 Alexandria, VA www.crows.org Basic RF EW Concepts June 19-21 Las Vegas, NV www.pe.gatech.edu

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s e m i n a r s

JULY DIRCM: Technology, Modeling and Testing July 10-12 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu Advanced EW Course July 17-20 Alexandria, VA www.crows.org

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Missions, Payloads and Links July 24-27 San Diego, CA www.crows.org

AUGUST Essentials of 21st Century Electronic Warfare August 7-10 Alexandria, VA www.crows.org Survey of Electromagnetic Battle Management Applications August 20 Fort Walton Beach, FL www.crows.org

SEPTEMBER Basic RF EW Concepts September 18-20 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu DRFM Technology September 18-20 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu Electronic Warfare Update September 18-21 Phoenix, AZ www.crows.org Effectiveness Evaluation of Electronic Self Protection September 20-21 Phoenix, AZ www.crows.org

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

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Modeling and Simulation September 22-23 Phoenix, AZ www.crows.org Survey of Electromagnetic Battle Management Applications September 22-23 Phoenix, AZ www.crows.org Survey of EA and Cyber Applications September 25 Phoenix, AZ www.crows.org Radar for Electronic Warfare Professionals September 27-28 Phoenix, AZ www.crows.org Survey of EW Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Applications and Payloads September 27-28 Phoenix, AZ www.crows.org

AOC courses are noted in red. For more info or to register, visit www.crows.org.

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message

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A PERSONAL EW JOURNEY

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The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

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s EWOs, we all bring our personal experiences with us to the EW fight. When I worked with the Army G3/5/7 and Vice Chief of Staff to help (re)start Army EW in 2006, I thought the Army was then in a unique battle. All the other Services seemed to have all the answers: they had the people, the materiel, the training – from what I could see, they had the full DOTMLPF solution. As more and more warfighters paid the ultimate price to the RCIED and to other spectrum-using weapons, everyone stepped in to help the Army save ourselves. The Navy and Air Force provided EWOs, training and critical expertise on the ground, as well as through their own airborne platforms. The Marines gave us their training and doctrine. Every lab, FFRDC, engineering center and think-tank joined the fray. JIEDDO bore the weight of the fight like Atlas, spending billions to defeat IEDs. Even my boys joined in the fight, with my then 9- and 7-year-olds designing LEGO-constructed directed energy devices and airborne electronic attack platforms. It wasn’t until a couple years flew by that I began to have an epiphany. This fight was nothing new, and what I was experiencing in the Army was not so different from what the other Services had experienced over the years. In the middle of a fight, we created our own identity crisis. We were able to beg, borrow and steal people and materiel to “stop the bleeding,” and everyone received kudos for their quick actions. And along the way, we reinforced all the wrong lessons in the warfighter: we were reactive rather than proactive. Sure, we treated the IED like a brand-new threat, but our mad scramble to react with EW capabilities appeared to be nothing new. Every Service has struggled with maintaining their EW identity and materiel during peacetime. There is no joint or OSD leadership empowered with the ability to ensure Services kept their EW readiness levels adequate to support the COCOMs. Even within our EW community, we find it difficult to articulate the criticality of what we do for others. We’re often unable to relate requirements because of security classifications, and because our Services are led primarily by leaders who understand kinetics best – fighter pilots, infantrymen, tankers and ship-drivers. Creating and sustaining a fully capable EW force is not simply about reaching into the technology toolbox so we can quickly react to the latest threat. EW is about a continuum of threat analytics, training, doctrine, policy, and full-time manning and equipping. So, what did the Army do right? Thanks to lessons learned from other Services and our industry and academic partners, we decided to address EW holistically, across DOTMLPF. We didn’t try to make it happen overnight. (Actually, I wanted it to happen that quickly, but the Army is too big to turn that fast.) Maybe that’s a good thing. Building enduring EW skills is a journey – and we have miles to go before we sleep. – Laurie Moe Buckhout, US Army (ret)

Association of Old Crows 1000 North Payne Street, Suite 200 Alexandria, VA 22314-1652 Phone: (703) 549-1600 Fax: (703) 549-2589 PRESIDENT Laurie Moe Buckhout VICE PRESIDENT Robert Elder SECRETARY Cliff Moody TREASURER David Hime AT-LARGE DIRECTORS Cliff Moody Linda Palmer Paul Westcott Michael Oates David Hime Tony Lisuzzo Ron Hahn Lisa Frugé Col Robin Vanderberry, USAF REGIONAL DIRECTORS Southern: Wes Heidenreich Central: Judith Westerheide Northeastern: Charles Benway Mountain-Western: Wayne Shaw Mid-Atlantic: Bill Tanner Pacific: Joe “JJ” Johnson International I: Robert Andrews International II: Gerry Whitford IO: Al Bynum APPOINTED DIRECTORS Donato D’Angelantonio Joe Hulsey James J. Lovelace Marc Magram IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT Walter Wolf AOC STAFF Tanya Miller Don Richetti Member and Chapter Executive Director Support Manager [email protected] [email protected] Norman Balchunas Jennifer Bahler Director, Operations Registrar [email protected] [email protected] Mike Dolim Keith Jordan Director, Education IT Manager [email protected] [email protected] Shelley Frost Glenda M. ReyesDirector, Logistics Montanez [email protected] Business Manager Kent Barker reyes-montanez@ Conferences Director/ crows.org FSO Tasha Miller [email protected] Membership Assistant Glorianne O’Neilin [email protected] Director, Member Miranda Fulk Services Logistics Coordinator [email protected] [email protected] Tony Ramos Lauren Stewart Director, Logistics Coordinator Communications [email protected] [email protected] Brock Sheets Director, Marketing [email protected] Stew Taylor Exhibits Manager [email protected]

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letters

f ro m o u r re ade r s

JED welcomes and publishes letters to the editor when we’re lucky enough to receive them. Please send letters to John Knowles, [email protected] or to [email protected].

EW ADVOCACY A CONTINUING IDEA I read with great interest the Message from the AOC President (“EW Advocacy”) in the April 2012 edition of The Journal of Electronic Defense. Ms. Buckhout is certainly correct that there are persons outside the usual EW community that are (or become) advocates for EW due to their exposure to operational realities. However to say that “After 9/11… air transport crews wanted IR countermeasures on their C-17s and C-130s...” is not a new idea. I direct your attention to the November 1987 edition of the JED. It sports a C-130 and the words “MAC EW” on the cover. It contains one of my first articles concerning this idea. In the early 1980s, for a time, Special Operations was absorbed by the Military Airlift Command (MAC). The influx to MAC of people familiar with the need for EW in Special Operations led to a movement of captains and da few civil service personnel who saw the need for EW in airlift operations. These people, such as Captains Stetson Siler, Bob Montague, Chip Kochel, Ronnie Smith and nd myself, plus civil service people of vision like Mr. Roland (Don) vonRohr, worked as best they could ld to get defensive systems on airlift aircraft. Were we successful? Only to a limited extent. By thee time I retired in 1995, there were IR countermeasures (missile warning receivers, chaff/flares and d some old radar warning receivers) on over one hundred Airlift C-130s and C-141s--only a portion n of the fleet. Also, there has been some progress on IRCM sets for larger aircraft such as the C-17. However, this important requirement will require continued effort by the new generations of USAF officers and civil service people if it is to be completed and then, indeed, made a matter of routine requirement for airlifters. Ray A. Yagher, Jr (Lt Col, USAF, Retired)

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

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It’s EW Summer School at AOC Headquarters ADVANCE YOUR CAREER by taking advantage of these professional development courses this summer. JUNE 12-15

AUGUST 7-10

Fundamental Principles of Electronic Warfare

Essentials of 21st Century Electronic Warfare Course

This course is essential for those new to EW field or for those wanting to round out their EW education, covering everything you need to know about the EW field at the systems and operational level.

Starting with an overview of EW from its roots in Electronic Combat and crossing over to its contemporary EMS Warfare applications, this course prepares anyone in the military, government, or industry who may be involved in strategies for capabilities development, test and evaluation, training, or operational support with the basics of EW.

Instructed by Dave Adamy.

JULY 17-20

Instructed by Lynn Berg.

Advanced Electronic Warfare Building on the information from Fundamentals of EW, this course approaches more complex practical problems and develops the theoretical foundation of EW concepts and techniques. In addition, attention will be given to resources available to EW professionals. Instructed by Dave Adamy.

Scan with your smartphone’s QR code scanner to go directly to the course information on the AOC website.

the

monitor news

US NAVY SEEKS LOW BAND POD OPTIONS

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

The Naval Surface Warfare CenterCrane (Crane, IN) has issued a request for information (RFI) as part of a market study to gather technical and program data for a Low Band Alternatives Analysis. The goal of the RFI is to examine low band pod alternatives for the existing low band ALQ-99 encompassing a range of airborne electronic attack (AEA) performance, cost and schedule. Crane is conducting the market survey on behalf of the Director for Electronic and Cyber Warfare (N2/N6F3), which is developing requirements for the Navy’s Next Gen Jammer program. The Navy has drafted preliminary requirements for a replacement low-band pod system, including threshold performance levels, and has established three low-band pod alternatives. The RFI asks respondents to provide information, answer questions and suggest changes in several areas, including performance requirements and alternatives, sub-system concepts and options and technology maturation, as well as indicating whether concepts would or can re-use or modify existing ALQ-99 low-band sub-systems or components and demonstrating what modifications would be required to use those systems. The RFI indicates primary performance priorities for the low-band pod to: 1) achieve threshold levels of frequency coverage; 2) effective isotropically radiated power; and 3) the number and types of jamming assignments, all while maintaining “threshold levels of spectral purity.” Secondary performance priorities include optimizing spatial coverage, minimizing the number of unique antenna configurations and improving RF interoperability with other systems. The RFI also notes that “high gain and efficiency over bandwidth of antenna/radome and amplifier sub-systems

are crucial to achieving performance within the imposed constraints [e.g., size, weight and power (SWaP), available cooling, tactical pod integration]. In order to allocate as much SWaP as possible to amplifier and antenna subsystems, the pod’s exciter sub-system must consume the minimum possible SWaP, while providing robust, reprogrammable assignment/technique generation capabilities.” The Navy seeks specific feedback on the feasibility of achieving performance requirements for one of three alternatives the service has already determined, as well as recommendations for changes to preliminary performance requirements, alternative sub-system concepts or sub-system SWaP changes. The RFI also asks for technical concepts for associated amplifier, antenna/ radome and exciter sub-systems, along with the justification for performance and maturity, including design approaches, materials, technologies and prior ongoing development of similar sub-systems. Respondents are to identify sub-systems or components requiring technology maturation to achieve

required performance levels, as well as an estimation of the current Technology Readiness Level (TRL) and cost and schedule for achieving TRL 6. An information day to assist in RFI response development will be held for interested parties on June 6 at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab in Laurel, MD. The technical point of contact is Tom Dalheim, (812) 854-4886, e-mail: thomas.dalheim@ navy.mil. Reponses are due by June 22. – E. Richardson

EW EUROPE: FOCUS ON EA AND NETCENTRIC EW/SIGINT There were a number of recurring themes and discussion points at this year’s Electronic Warfare Europe conference, held May 9-11 in Rome, Italy, but by far the most dominant topic in both the conferences and on the exhibit floor was the lessons-learned in the recent Libyan conflict. While no one was suggesting that Libya’s air defense systems were in any way representative of the very latest technology, they were, even so, able to cast light on the limitations of NATO’s

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The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

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AESA manifolds, complex interconnect networks, IMAs… When the job demands a high density, high reliability multilayer solution – Anaren’s Unicircuit subsidiary delivers: > Complex RF Microwave printed circuit boards – supporting a huge range of bands (L, S, C, X, Ku, Ka, V, and W), utilizing composite and hybrid organic-based substrates, and deploying embedded passives in applications from RC filters, power dividers, and DC lines – to loads, attenuators, and LVDS terminations > Vertical and/or horizontal launch sites for RF connectors, MMICs, and filters – using Unicircuit’s proprietary, multi-level cavity fabrication process and advanced manufacturing techniques (including Lased Direct Imaging, YAG Laser Etching, Precision Stub Length Removal, and Fusion Bonding) Even better, when you work with Unicircuit, you get direct, on-going access to the engineers, materials experts, and production/test professionals that make your project a success. Put Anaren’s Unicircuit team to work on your toughest, multi-layer challenges. Email, call, or visit our website for our free capabilities presentation. 800-411-6596 > www.anaren.com

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airborne electronic attack capabilities (mostly provided by the US), as well as known vulnerabilities of its defensive EW systems to double-digit SAM threats. For example, as pointed out in a presentation by Steve Roberts of Selex Galileo, UK, “Very capable radar- and laser-guided threats are proliferating around the world and being employed in complex Integrated ADS networks. R&D programs have delivered the aims and objectives to provide the technology to defeat them, but now some procurement programs are required to field the new capabilities.” Another common theme was that there is clearly an increased recognition within NATO, and in fact within the entire worldwide military community, of the critical and central role that EW will play in future conflicts, conventional, asymmetric and otherwise. As observed by Col Giuseppe Sgamba, Comandante ReSTOGE, Italian Air Force, “the EW environment is considered the fourth warfighting domain, and modern military campaign planning has to take electromagneticspectrum dominance into proper consideration in all aspects of operations.” This point was referenced repeatedly in a number of conference presentations, including that of Roberto Scotto di Vettimo, of Elettronica S.p.A., who noted that “spectrum dominance, situational awareness and net-centric EW will all continue to become increasingly important in all phases of modern warfare.” A common vision is clearly emerging in which EW/SIGINT will increasingly encompass the advance identification, location, mapping and evaluation of all emitters (unfriendly and friendly) in a potential battlespace environment. As such, EW/SIGINT personnel will be the first to deploy to a region of impending conflict in order to establish an electronic order of battle (EOB) and conduct both tactical and strategic signals reconnaissance. From this, a detailed analysis, including spectrum-use vulnerabilities and advantages down to the level of specific geographic areas and mission routes will be provided to combat forces in advance of all missions. This information will be critical to, and incorporated into all phases of, mission planning. Many companies on the EW Europe exhibit floor took the opportunity to demonstrate how their products and technology can help accomplish this broadly-expanded mission, with sensor systems aimed at manned aircraft, ground vehicle, and shipboard deployment to manpack, UAVs and small satellites, as well as all of the networking, integration and information distribution tools needed to deliver this information to the warfighter. – J. Haystead

DOD RELEASES SMALL BUSINESS SOLICITATION The DOD has released its spring Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) solicitation, with topics including several EW and signals intelligence (SIGINT) projects for the US Navy and the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA). US Navy With topic N122-118, “UV Obscurant Device for Aircraft,” the Navy is seeking to design, develop and demonstrate a material to be dispersed from an aircraft that acts as an

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t h e 360-degree situational awareness to a more time consuming effort of signal recognition and analysis.” The Navy is looking to develop “de-interleavers that do not require a priori knowledge of the emitters to be able to automatically detect, classify, and uniquely identify the extremely complex emissions of today and tomorrow. This must be performed in real time while operating in extremely dense littoral mission areas.” The technical points of contact are Steve Henry, (401) 832-7849, e-mail

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[email protected] and Robert Mayo, (401) 832-3985, e-mail robert. [email protected]. With topic N122-140, “Energy Efficient Signal Classifier for Dense Signal Environment,” the Navy is seeking to “design a signal classifier that is capable of handling diverse, agile signals in an energy efficient manner in a dense signal environment.” Phase I specifically seeks to determine feasibility and develop an approach for improving the “energy efficiency of signal The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

obscurant in the ultraviolet (UV) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Concepts can include a device that rapidly extends a dense cloud of material that absorbs in the UV region or something such as quantum dots or metamaterials that absorb in the UV and emit in the mid-infrared. Final prototypes must be compatible with existing Navy aircraft expendable dispensing systems. The technical point of contact can be reached at (812) 854-6631. In topic N122-121, “High Efficiency SIGINT Collection,” the Navy seeks to “exploit the relative sparseness and randomness of typical signal intelligence (SIGINT) signal spaces with sampling techniques that can sample a signal space at lower sampling rates without losing any information, or conversely, obtain more information from the signal space without increasing sample rate.” This would reduce demands on air-toground links transporting samples of communications intelligence signals to ground-station analysis centers. Phase I includes identification of methods for improvement and assessment of their feasibility for Navy aircraft. The technical point of contact can be reached at (301) 757-9642. Topic N122-133, “Enhanced DeInterleavers for Submarine Electronic Warfare Support (ES) Systems,” seeks to “develop innovative algorithms and techniques to automatically detect, classify, and uniquely identify emitters exhibiting multi-dimensional agilities, extremely wide band RF distribution, high time bandwidth coherent characteristics, and solid state power amplifier technologies.” This is intended to deal with the fact that the BLQ-10 submarine EW system cannot provide accurate data to the EW support operator in an increasingly complex and dense operational environment. “The automatic functions of the system are not keeping pace with the new technology in emitters being fielded. This forces the operator to spend the majority of his time processing, verifying accuracy, correlating, and trying to provide timely operational information to decision makers. Consequently, ES operators are drawn from their primary responsibilities of ship safety, self protection, and

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classification in a dense environment of agile signals.” The technical points of contact are Deborah VanVechten, (703) 696-4219, e-mail vanvecd@onr. navy.mil, Paul Boehm, (805) 989-7286, e-mail [email protected] and Dave Pacifico, (619) 553-6233, e-mail david. [email protected]. DARPA Topic SB122-005, “Innovative Passivation to Increase the Power at Which Laser Diode Fails,” seeks to improve the

reliability, lifetime and to increase the power and performance of high-power laser diodes. “There is a compelling need for substantially increasing the power and brightness of LD opticalpumps in the 9xx nm spectral range for scaling single-mode narrow-line fiber lasers to high power for DOD high energy laser (HEL) applications. The power and brightness of state-of-theart LDs are severely limited by catastrophic optical-damage (COD) at the front facet. COD severely limits the

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power/bar that could be attained and hence a larger number of LD bars are required for a given LD pump power.” Phase I objective is to determine the technical feasibility for growth “of a single-crystal passivation layer on the

US ARMY TO FOCUS ON EW-COMMS INTERFERENCE The US Army has issued a request for information (RFI) to learn more about industry solutions that could help address interference issues between EW systems and communications systems. The Communications Electronic Warfare Engineering Team at the Communications-Electronic Research and Development Center (Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD) is seeking “mitigation techniques, for collocated communications systems and electronic warfare (EW) systems.” While the Army has one particular class of deconfliction solutions, the RFI states, it wants to investigate a broader set of interference mitigation solutions that could encompass algorithms, protocols techniques or processes. The goal is to find a set of solutions that retains the full performance capabilities of the collocated EW and communications systems. “To deconflict the future communication and electronic warfare systems and maintain relevance of existing systems, the Government believes an optimization algorithm or hardware/software process should be developed such that using the information received from the communication system and the available spectrum, the future communications and electronic warfare system must jointly decide what deconfliction action is the most appropriate,” according to the RFI. The point of contact is Shaniel Escoffery, (443)861-4634, e-mail [email protected]. – JED Staff

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(110) facet of a 9xx laser diode formed at low temperature and in ultra-high vacuum.” The technical points of contact are Dr. Tayo Akinwande, (703) 5264151, e-mail tayo.akinwande@darpa. mil and Dr. Michael Gerhold, e-mail [email protected]. With topic SB122-006, “Ultra-Bright Diode Laser Emitters for Pumping High-Power Fiber Amplifiers,” DARPA’s objective is to “demonstrate a wavelength-stabilized diode laser system for pumping high-power fiber laser ampli-

fiers consisting of diode laser emitters that are at least ten times brighter than conventional broad-stripe emitters.” Phase I seeks demonstration of a “single diode laser operating at ~976 nm with output power >10 W, spatial brightness >1 GW/cm2sr, and electrical-to-optical efficiency >52%.” All three performance metrics need to be achieved simultaneously on a single device with development of a concept to package several of these emitters into a single wavelength-stabilized module to achieve

performance metrics for Phase II. The technical point of contact is Dr. Joseph Mangano, (571) 218-4695, e-mail joseph. [email protected]. Proposals are due by June 27. Evaluations will be performed during July and August with selections occurring in August and Phase I awards in October 2012, depending on the Congressional budgeting process. More information is available at the SBIR website, www.acq. osd.mil/osbp/sbir/. – JED Staff

NATO TO CONDUCT ISR TRIAL NATO’s Joint Capability Group for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (JCGISR) is holding an ISR interoperability trial later this month in Norway. Unified Vision (UV) 2012

US ARMY TO RELEASE ICREW RFP Early this month, the US Army is expected to issue the request for proposals (RFP) for its Individual Counter Radio Control Improvised Explosive Device Electronic Warfare System (iCREW) procurement. The Army wants to buy up to 3,900 jammers, which will provide personal protection for the soldiers that carry them. The program meets an urgent requirement from US Central Command for Afghanistan operations. The Army’s Product Manager for CREW at the PEO IEW&S (Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD) will issue the RFP and evaluate proposals in a two-step process. During the first phase, technical proposals will be solicited. These will address “the engineering approach, special manufacturing processes, and special testing techniques,” according to a program synopsis. Companies that submit acceptable technical solutions will then be invited to submit price bids. The winning bidder(s) will be required to deliver all iCREW systems by May 2013. The contracting point of contact is Gregory Coben, (609) 562-4108, e-mail [email protected]. – JED Staff

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

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will focus on improving the technical aspects of ISR interoperability among NATO countries, according to Richard Wittstruck, the recently appointed head of the JCGISR. However, UV 2012 will differ from typical NATO trials in that it will also combine some operational elements, such as establishing tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs), which are normally performed at NATO exercises. UV 2012 is being held at Orland Main Air Station in Norway June 17-29. Thir-

teen nations and seven NATO agencies will be participating in the event with 700 personnel networked across nine nations. Assets will include 21 fighter aircraft conducting non-traditional ISR, seven dedicated manned fixed-wing ISR aircraft and 13 UAVs. Other players will include a frigate equipped with a radar ESM system and a ground based ELINT system. These ISR platforms will be collecting on live ground-based air defense systems, 30 ground-based decoys and simulators and GPS jammers.

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IN BRIEF The US Army’s Program Executive Office for Simulation, Training and Instrumentation (PEO STRI) is expected to issue a final RFP for the Red Force Injection Jammer in the coming weeks. The RFIJ systems will be used to simulate hostile jamming against friendly communications systems and GPS receivers. PEO STRI also announced plans to issue a solicitation for the Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3) T1 Transmitter System, which will be located at White Sands Missile Range, NM.

24 The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

The goal is to develop the NATO standards and procedures (STANAGS) to rapidly establish coalition ISR networks and share databases in future operations. Having learned how difficult it was to establish NATO’s ISR network in Afghanistan, the Alliance is keen to retain as much knowledge as possible and convert it into STANAGS. Among the specific goals, said Wittstruck, the JCGISR wants to demonstrate that the Cooperative ESM Operations (CESMO) software works and is ready for fielding. Wittstruck expects UV12 to be the first in a bi-annual series of ISR interoperability trials. JED plans to publish more information about the exercise once it is completed. – J. Knowles

✪ ✪ ✪ ITT Exelis (Clifton, NJ) received a $47.5 million foreign military sale (FMS) contract from the US Air Force to provide 15 AN/ALQ-211(V)4 Advanced Integrated Electronic Warfare Suites (AIDEWS) for F-16 C/D aircraft in service with the Royal Air Force of Oman. Final deliveries are scheduled for December 2014.

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✪ ✪ ✪ Cobham Sensor Systems (Lansdale, PA) has won a $39 million contract from Naval Air Systems Command to manufacture ALQ-99 Low Band Transmitter Antenna Group assemblies. The company will deliver 48 low-band transmitters, 13 vertically polarized antennas and 28 horizontally polarized antennas. Deliveries will be completed by August 2014.

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Lockheed Martin Advanced Technologies Lab (Cherry Hill, NJ) has received a $17.8 million contract option from DARPA to continue research under the Behavioral Learning for Adaptive Electronic Warfare (BLADE) program. The goal is to develop capabilities to counter adaptive wireless communications systems, including RCIEDs, in tactical environments. Under the option, work will continue through December 2013.

✪ ✪ ✪

The point of contact is Greg Finke (757) 443-2066 [email protected].

The NAVSUP Fleet Logistics Center has issued a solicitation for support services for Navy Cyber Forces’ Fleet EW Center in Norfolk, VA. The Navy is seeking contractors that can assist in improving Fleet Electronic Warfare (EW) and Spectrum Management readiness across DOTMPLF (Doctrine, Organization, Training, Material, Personnel, Leadership & Education, and Facilities) within the Navy.

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The Electronic Warfare/Avionics Division at WR-ALC has announced that it anticipates issuing a solicitation for engineering services in support of the AN/USM-670 Joint Service Electronic Combat System Tester (JSECT) program to rehost the AN/ALQ-172 Test Program Set (TPS) to the AN/USM-670. The primary purpose of this effort is to meet the requirements for engineering support and sustainment of the JSECT program during AC-130U TPS software rehost efforts.

✪ ✪ ✪ Praemittias Systems LLC (Lorton, VA) has won an $11.4 million contract from Marine Corps Systems Command to deliver 100 AN/PSS-7 Wolfhound EW systems. Wolfhound is a lightweight VHF/UHF communications ESM system. The Wolfhound systems will be used at Marine Corps Bases in Twentynine Palms, Calif., Camp Pendleton, Calif., Camp Lejeune, N.C., and Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, for hands on Block I through Block IV training for users prior to operational deployment.

✪ ✪ ✪ UEC Electronics LLC (Hanahan, SC) received a $9.3 million contract from Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Atlantic (Charleston, SC) for full-rate production of Team Portable Collection Systems (TPCS) Multi-Platform Capable modifications. Deliveries are expected to conclude in May 2013.

✪ ✪ ✪ The US Army is modifying the Tactical SIGINT Payload (TSP) development contract with BAE Systems (Nashua, NH) to include two additional prototype systems. The TSP is being developed for installation on the Army’s Gray Eagle UAS.

✪ ✪ ✪ L-3 Communications Electron Devices (San Carlos, CA) has received a $6.1 million contract to repair Band 5 TWTs for the B-1B’s ALQ-161A EW system. a

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washington repor t HOUSE PASSES HASC’S FY2013 DEFENSE SPENDING BILL

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The US House of Representative passed its version of the FY2013 defense authorization bill, which authorized overall spending of $642.7 billion, including $88.5 billion for overseas contingency operations. This was $3.6 billion more than requested in the President’s 2013 budget, but $47.4 billion less than that previously estimated for FY2013 in the President’s 2012 budget request. Total base-budget procurement spending was increased by $1.7 billion largely for additional Navy ($99 million) and Air Force ($314 million) aircraft and Navy shipbuilding ($893 million), with the Army also receiving a substantial boost ($383 million) for new weapons and tracked vehicles. Marine Corps procurement funding was cut by $141 million, and $227.4 million proposed for the joint improvised explosive device defeat fund was moved to overseas contingency operations bringing total JIEDDO funding to $1.9 billion. Total Research Development Test and Evaluation (RDT&E) was increased by $980 million In general, overall electronic warfare (EW) and signals intelligence (SIGINT) funding remained largely unchanged between the two budget proposals. However, reflecting the level of importance being given to EW, the Committee specifically directed the Secretary of Defense to “review and update DOD guidance related to EW not later than January 1, 2013 to ensure that oversight roles and responsibilities are clearly defined.” It also directed US Strategic Command to “update and issue guidance regarding the responsibilities of the combatant command with regard to joint EW capabilities.” Separately, the committee also mandated that the Commandant of the Marine Corps initiate a study on the future capabilities of Marine Corps EW including “a detailed plan for EA-6B Prowler aircraft squadrons, replacement of EA-6B aircraft, and concepts of operation for future Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) EW.” Army RDT&E: Applied research funding for EW remained at $15.1 million, along with EW advanced technology development (ATD) funding totaling $72.4 million. Total EW system development and demonstration (SDD) funding was cut by $5 million to $190.3 million due to a “program adjustment,” but the House seemed to accept the Army’s decision to cancel its EMARSS SIGINT program, as funding in the aerial common sensor line remained unchanged at $47.4 million. Army Procurement: Army procurement funding included $16.3 million for modifications to Guardrail SIGINT aircraft and $4.3 million for the mult i-s e n s or a i r b or ne

reconnaissance program. Under the ground support avionics category, $34 million is provided for aircraft survivability equipment and $128 million for the AN/AAR-57 common missile warning system (CMWS). $48.8 million is also provided to procure thirteen new Prophet ground SIGINT surveillance systems, and $15.5 million for new CREW system procurement. Navy RDT&E: System development and demonstration funding includes $187 million for the Next Generation Jammer (NGJ) program, $51.3 million for EW development and $13 million for the EA-18G. USMC MAGTF EW funding aviation was set at $10.6 million and USMC intelligence/EW systems at $23 million. Ship self defense (Engage: soft kill/EW) was increased by $1.1 million to $152.6 million, citing “cruiser retention.” Advanced component development and prototypes funding included $74 million for Tactical Aircraft Directed IR countermeasures (TADIRCM) and $71.3 million for Joint Counter Radio-Controlled-IED EW (JCREW). Navy Procurement: Procurement funding included $92.3 million for the AN/SLQ-32 surface ship EW protection system, as well as increase of $11.2 million to $43 million for anti-ship missile decoy systems, incorporating a $10 million increase for NULKA decoys. Citing the “need to maintain the option for additional airborne EW capabilities, the HASC added two advance procurement EA-18G aircraft to the proposed 12, increasing funding by $45 million, but also citing savings of $30 million in non-recurring costs. $30.1 million was also provided for modifications to EA-6B aircraft, $50 million for AEA systems, $114.7 million for common ECM equipment, and $34.1 million for Marine MAGTF EW for aviation, and $87 million for modification of 100 HARM systems. Air Force RDT&E: The House approved $33 million for advanced technology development of electronic combat technology. System development & demonstration RDT&E funding includes $281 million for the B-2’s Defensive Management System Modernization program, $4.1 million for airborne electronic attack, and $2 million for EW development. Operational Systems Development funding includes $129 million for the Airborne SIGINT Enterprise, $50 million for multi-platform EW equipment, $12.1 million for Compass Call aircraft, and $7.8 million for large aircraft IR countermeasures (LAIRCM). Air Force Procurement: Air Force procurement funding included $165.2 million for RC-135 and $50 million for Compass Call aircraft modifications. $28.8 million was provided for LAIRCM procurement. $23.2 million was authorized for new AGM-88 HARM procurement. – J. Haystead a

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world repor t AUSTRALIA SEEKS EA-18G MODIFICATION KITS

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In a long-anticipated move, the Australian Government has formally requested EA-18G modification kits, via Foreign Military Sale, to convert 12 of its F/A-18F Super Hornet aircraft to the G configuration. The request includes associated parts, equipment, training and logistical support at an estimated cost of $1.7 billion. Boeing (St. Louis, MO) would be the prime contractor. The purchase would include 12 EA-18G Modification Kits for the conversion, 34 AN/ ALQ-99F(V) Tactical Jamming System Pods, 22 CN-1717/A Interference Cancellation Systems (INCANS), 22 R-2674(C)/A Joint Tactical Terminal Receiver (JTTR) Systems, 30 LAU-118 Guided Missile Launchers, Command Launch Computers (CLC) for the AGM-88 High Speed Anti-Radiation Missile (HARM) and Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile (AARGM), as well as associated spare and repair parts, support and test equipment, publications and technical documentation, personnel training and training equipment, engineering, technical, and logistics support services, and other related elements of logistical and program support. The Royal Austral ian A ir Force (RAAF) had been considering the EA-18G upgrade from the beginning of the Super Hornet acquisition, which was formally announced in 2007. In 2009, it opted to wire 12 of its 24 Super Hornets to receive a future EA-18G upgrade, and the recent FMS request provides the actual systems and software needed to outfit the aircraft in the EA-18G configuration. The RAAF EA-18G program is significant for many reasons. It marks the first time the US has exported the ALQ-99 Tactical Jamming System, as well as the EA-18G configuration. (Australia is the only Super Hornet customer outside the US.) More generally, the deal highlights the evolving security relationship between the US and Australia. – E. Richardson

NATO FLIES AGAINST S-300 AT MACE XIII NATO’s latest EW exercise, Trial MACE XXIII, saw its aircraft fly against the S-300PMU (SA-10B Grumble-B). The event, which was held April 16-27 in Slovakia, centered on aircraft survivability against the S-300PMU system of the Slovakian Air Force’s SAM brigade based at Nitra. As in past years, Trial MACE XIII was sponsored by NATO Air Force Armaments Group (NAFAG) Aerospace Capability Group 3 (ACG3) Sub Group 2 on EW self-protection measures for joint services airborne assets (SG2). Col Ivan “Brandy” Brandabura of the Slovakian Air Force managed the event, which saw participation from Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Norway, Sweden, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. Flying from Silac airbase, several aircraft took part in the exercise, including NATO E-3 AWACS, Danish F-16s equipped with the ALQ-162/ECIPS/PIDS countermeasures suite, and Turkish Air Force F-4E2020 Terminator aircraft fitted with the

EL/L-8222 jamming pod. The French Air Force brought two-seat Rafale B aircraft (equipped with the Spectra EW Suite) and Mirage 2000Ds carrying the Integrated Countermeasure System (ICMS). Germany flew its Gesellschaf für FlugzielDarstellung (GFD) Learjet 35 equipped with a new Cassidian electronic attack pod, and Norway’s 717 Squadron participated with one of its DA 20 Falcon EW aircraft. In addition to the SA-10B, the Slovakian Air Force also provided live target services for the exercise with MiG-29, L-39 and L-410 aircraft, as well as helicopters. During the exercise, the S-300 tracked and “engaged” aircraft with its 30N6E Flap Lid-B engagement and 76N6 Clam Shell acquisition radars. The exercise, which was originally planned for the previous year (that time with US Navy Super Hornet/Growler participation), had to be postponed to 2012 primarily because of Operation Odyssey Dawn/Unified Protector over Libya. – G. Zord

IN BRIEF ❍ The UK arm of research and technology group QinetiQ has been awarded a UK£1.5 million contract by the Ministry of Defence (MoD) to conduct a threeyear program of Communications and Cross Cutting Electronic Surveillance (CCCES) research. Under contract to the MoD’s Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, QinetiQ will investigate a range of CCCES technologies, with its research being split into two main areas: communications ES covering development of techniques and algorithms to prosecute a range of communication signals in modern environments, and other signals such as jammers; and crosscutting technologies covering collaborative high precision geo-location techniques and research on radar and communications ES integration. ❍ Chemring Countermeasures (Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK) has won a five-year “long-term partnering agreement” with the UK MOD worth £21 million. It will provide a range of IR and RF airborne expendable decoys for Royal Air Force, Royal Navy and British Army fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft. Options in the contract are worth an additional £38 million. Deliveries began last month and will continue through March 2017. ❍ Germany’s Cassidian announced that its Laser Optical Countermeasures and Surveillance Against Threat Environment Scenarios (LOCATES) shipboard countermeasures system has passed critical design review. Developed in conjunction with Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC), a demonstrator system will begin field-testing next month. a

L ARN THEIR LE WEAKNESSES

Conference Objectives Provide the latest findings from ongoing, all-source analysis of high interest threat air defense systems to include:

Threat System Capabilities and Vulnerabilities Status of New Development Programs Current and Projected Proliferation

Who Should Attend? Attendance at this conference is appropriate for those involved in the design, development, testing, evaluation and employment of electronic warfare systems, cyber operations in theater, techniques and tactics for protection of U.S. and allied aircraft and RPAs.

CONFERENCE AGENDA Monday, 18 June 2012 - Pre Conference Reception

Wednesday, 20 June 2012 – Classified

1800 - 2000

0730 – 0800

Registration & Breakfast

0800 – 0830

SAM Counter PGM Techniques

Tuesday, 19 June 2012 – Classified

0830 – 0900

PGM vs SAM Study Results

0745 – 0830

Registration & Breakfast

0900 – 0930

Modern SAM Engagement Capabilities

0830 – 0845

Welcome

0930 – 1000

MANPADS Update

0845 – 0915

Keynote Address

1000 – 1030

Break

0915 – 0945

Support to the Warfighter

1030 – 1115

SAM Operations in Libya

0945 – 1015

Break

1115 – 1145

Worldwide Modernization of Older SAMs

1015 – 1100

Modern Fire Control Radar Capabilities

1145 – 1300

Lunch

1100 – 1145

Modern Missile Technologies

1300 – 1500

Highbay Tours

1145 – 1300

Lunch

1500 – 1530

Counter LO Capability

1300 – 1330

Modern Seeker Characteristics & Capabilities

1530 – 1600

Counter Standoff Capability

1330 – 1415

Modern SAM ECCM Features

1600 – 1630

Cyber Briefing

1415 – 1445

Towed Decoy Effectiveness

1445 – 1515

Break

Thursday, 21 June 2012 – Special Classified

1515 – 1545

SAM Vulnerability to Standoff Noise Jamming

0730 – 0800

Registration & Breakfast

1545 – 1615

SAM Upgrades

0800 – 0830

Chinese Fire Control Radar Developments

1615 – 1645

Modern C3 Capabilities

0830 – 0900

Passive SAM

1600 – 2100

Salute to the Warfighter Reception - U.S. Space &

0900 – 0930

CSA-16 Update

Rocket Center (transportation will be provided)

0930 – 1000

CSA-12 Update

1000 – 1030

Break

1030 – 1100

Iranian SAM Upgrade Programs

1115 – 1130

Iranian SAM Developmental Programs

1130 – 1200

North Korean SAM Systems

Welcome Reception, Otter’s Lounge, Marriott Huntsville

Scan with your smartphone’s QR code scanner to go directly to the conference website.

For more information visit

www.crows.org.

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

32

“As important as it is to replace the ALQ-99 for purely sustainment reasons, the real driving force behind NGJ is the growing number of anti-access area denial (A2AD) capabilities emerging in the world today – the highly-integrated air defense systems (IADS) and double-digit SAMs that really do make it challenging for the warfighter, particularly strike warfare, but in other areas as well. NGJ is critical in that way.”

The AN/ALQ-99 Tactical Jamming System has been the backbone of US airborne electronic attack (AEA) capabilities since the 1970s. It has flown on the EA-6B Prowler, the EF-111A Raven (retired in 1998) and the EA-18G Growler, supporting both air and ground forces in a variety of operations over the past four decades. Despite its long life and its adaptability, the aging ALQ-99 lacks the capability to defeat newer air defense systems already being exported into the international market, as well as more modern voice and data communication technologies. The ALQ-99’s age underscores the need for a new, more capable standoff jamming system – the US Navy’s Next Generation Jammer (NGJ). NGJ is intended to perform a broad range of tactical stand-off jamming missions, including the suppression of advanced air defense systems, as well as disruption or denial of modern communications, in both conventional and irregular warfare scenarios. As the replacement for the ALQ-99, NGJ will provide greater electronic attack versatility and precision, as well as more powerful jamming against radars and communications at substantially greater standoff ranges. “NGJ really will be next-generation technology, with major new capabilities,” explains CAPT John Green, Program Manager for Airborne Electronic Attack and EA-6B (PMA 234) at Naval Air Systems Command (NAS Patuxent River, MD). “As important as it is to replace the ALQ-99 for purely sustainment reasons, the real driving force behind NGJ is the growing number of anti-access area denial (A2AD) capabilities emerging in the world today – the highly-integrated air defense systems (IADS) and double-digit SAMs that really do make it challenging for the warfighter, particularly strike warfare, but in other areas as well. NGJ is critical in that way.” Green notes that NGJ will deliver more than 10 times the effective radiated power (ERP) of the current ALQ-99 system and will also incorporate advanced coherent jamming capabilities. “The ALQ-99 is really a non-coherent jammer for the most part, primarily putting out noise, and that’s not what we’re about with NGJ.” Green adds that although NGJ will also have this bruteforce capability, its jamming energy typically will be much more targeted in both direction and frequency. He explains, “When it makes sense, we’ll have

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

By John Haystead

33

the capability to cover a precise spot over the ground, as well as to ‘notch out’ certain frequencies from the jamming – for example, preserving the use of one communication frequency while jamming on the frequency right next to it.”

NGJ DEVELOPMENT The NGJ program is currently in a technology maturation (TM) phase with four contractors competing to continue on to the follow-on technology development (TD) phase. The four contractors

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

34

“When it makes sense, we’ll have the capability to cover a precise spot over the ground, as well as to ‘notch out’ certain frequencies from the jamming – for example, preserving the use of one communication frequency while jamming on the frequency right next to it.” – BAE Systems, ITT Exelis, NorthropGrumman and Raytheon – were all awarded TM-phase contracts in July of

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2010, and all recently received $20+ million contract modification/extensions. The TM effort is expected to be completed by April 2013, at which point there will be a Milestone A decision. If successful, a single TD contract will then be awarded in June of that same year. As explained by Green, the rationale for a single TD award, rather than a more common multi-contractor competition, is partially the result of the program’s extended TM phase which “hasn’t revealed any unanticipated technical risks,” he said. “The technical requirements are well understood based on currently flying airborne electronic attack programs, associated Navy and university labs and support and test organizations, and it is the Navy’s belief that there are no significant drawbacks with this change, while benefits include significant cost avoidance, improved program executability and reduced risk.” Still, Green acknowledges that cost control will, in fact, be a larger concern with the single-vendor approach. “I do share this concern of the leadership within the Navy and OSD, and we’ll need to work very closely with whoever the winner is to look at affordability at every phase of the program.” Although he agrees with the generally-accepted premise that the longer a competition is carried, the more opportunity there will usually be to drive down the cost of end units, he points out that “the challenge with this particular system is that we’re only buying 114 ship sets, so while we’re not quite upside down, we’re close, with a very expensive development program relative to the number of systems we’re going to produce.” Green says continuing to carry two vendors through the development phase just wasn’t something there was an appetite for in the current budget environment, but agrees that “it does put greater onus on the

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program office and leadership to work with industry to ensure affordable designs and cost control.” The request for proposal (RFP) for the TD phase is in a final draft form and should be released by the end of the month. According to Green, the TD phase will be relatively short (22 months), during which time the program will need to achieve technology readiness level (TRL)-6 in order to proceed to Milestone B and engineering manufacturing development (EMD) in 2015. “All four con-

tractors are currently at TRL-5 on five critical technology enablers, and we expect to be at a TRL-5-plus level when we finish the current contract,” says Green.

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REDUCING RISK The NGJ program is closely aligned with the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Next-Generation Airborne Electronic Attack (NGAEA) project, whose goal is to develop and mature certain high-risk, high-payoff technologies for possible incorporation into NGJ. PMA 234 serves as the NGAEA technology-transfer sponsor, and all of the NGJ contractors have related work ongoing with ONR. Says Green, “As promising technology becomes available, PMA 234 and the contractors will incorporate it at a variety of possible insertion points, such as at the component or subcomponent level.” Green notes that NGJ’s mandated modular and scalable architecture allows for insertion of new capabilities and techniques. For example, “the Growler platform already possesses many features that will be enhanced by the integration of NGJ, due to its Super Hornet legacy. And, as EW battle management becomes better defined, and when coupled with future connectivity initiatives, the interaction of multiple jammers will support increased AEA capabilities.” Among the targeted technology areas are broader band antenna arrays capable of operating at higher effective radiated power (ERP) with reduced size and weight; new solid-state, wide-bandwidth RF power amplifiers with high ERP in both saturated and linear modes together with high spectral purity; new RF beam former technology to produce multiple, simultaneous beams at high speed over broad bandwidths to improve and narrowly target jamming effectiveness and reduce fratricide; and advanced exciter technologies aimed at providing ultra-wideband direct digital synthesis, and software-defined techniques generation incorporating integrated cueing receiver/digital radio frequency memory (DRFM) functionality. Again the goal is

to provide greater adaptability to counter emerging threats and improved spectral purity to reduce electromagnetic fratricide. Improved packaging and thermal management technologies are also being pursued. All of these technology areas are specifically identified as risk reduction targets as part of the NGJ TM phase. According to Green, technical risk mitigation for the technologies is being demonstrated through a variety of techniques including the use of actual com-

“The technology development efforts are really somewhat in parallel, but that’s the question we’re asking right now. How much can they really overlap?” ponents in laboratories, test chambers and wind tunnels. Successful demonstrations thus far have addressed prime power demonstration in wind tunnels including ducting performance and heat removal; laboratory testing of scaled antenna ar-

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The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

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rays focused on measuring bandwidth, as well as modular RF power amplifiers focused on high-power, wide bandwidth, and linearity; testing of beam formers focused on accuracy and speed; and exciters demonstrated for waveform variety, RF purity, and processor speed. “We’ve seen significantly improved technology readiness levels, which are strong indicators of risk reduction,” says Green. At the forefront of the NGJ technology maturation effort is its active electronically scanned array (AESA) technology, a core element of all the contending NGJ designs. And, although the basic principles of AESA radar technology are generally well understood, as noted by Green, it’s important to recognize that an AESA jammer is not the same thing as an AESA radar. For example, jammers typically need to operate over very wide bandwidths at high power and close to 100 percent duty cycles. “There are things that are optimized differently when you’re building an array of transmitters vs. an array of transmitter/receivers. And, when you’re talking about many GHz of bandwidth all in one mid-band pod, you also have co-interference issues on a scale not seen with AESA radars,” Green says. Nevertheless, NGJ is definitely benefitting from some of the advanced technology work being done in AESA radar, particularly in new gallium nitride (GaN) transmit/receive (T/R) modules. GaN T/R modules being developed for the air and missile defense radar (AMDR) are particularly relevant to NGJ. The AMDR is planned for installation on the Navy’s next-generation cruisers and destroyers perhaps beginning as early as 2016. AMDR combines an S-band AESA search radar together with an X-band system for precision tracking. The Navy awarded development contracts for the S-band system to Northrop Grumman, Lockheed Martin and Raytheon in November of 2010. Because the AMDR development schedule is well ahead of NGJ, the jammer program

has already been able to leverage much of AMDR’s GaN technology development work. “We’re driving this new technology into our system designs and it definitely benefits us, but the radar community benefits as well,” says Green, observing that industry is certainly not unaware of the potential additional applications of new GaN radar module technology, not just for NGJ, but for the surface EW improvement program (SEWIP) to upgrade the AN/SLQ-32 as well. “Wherever possible, they’re building toward a superset of requirements. For example, if they can make GaN work across a broader bandwidth, or at higher power, or with faster beam switching, they’re doing it.“

THREE-STAGE ACQUISITION PLAN

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

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In November of 2010, based on findings from an analysis of alternatives (AoA) report, the Navy’s Requirements Resources Review Board (R3B) directed the NGJ program office to pursue a three-stage development effort for NGJ with sequential fielding of mid-, lowand high-band jamming capabilities for the EA-18G Growler and, through a later increment, for F-35 aircraft. The NGJ capabilities development document (CDD) describes the three-pod-based system development and improvement effort continuing well into the next decade beginning with the currently-funded mid-band increment 1 planned for “anearliest-possible capability” to the fleet in FY2020, followed by the low-band ca-

pability in 2022 and high-band in 2024. Says Green, “We had tried from the beginning to set an initial operational capability (IOC) for NGJ that was realistic and achievable, but at the R3B’s direction, we set a stake in the ground for

delivery of the mid-band capability in 2020. It sounds like a long way out, but they don’t call it next generation jammer for nothing.” Green says the focus right now is almost exclusively on the mid-band

“We had tried from the beginning to set an initial operational capability (IOC) for NGJ that was realistic and achievable, but at the R3B’s direction, we set a stake in the ground for delivery of the mid-band capability in 2020. It sounds like a long way out, but they don’t call it next generation jammer for nothing.”

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capability with the low and high bands taking a back seat, although he acknowledges the low band will be next in line for attention. “The technology development efforts are really somewhat in parallel, but that’s the question we’re asking right now. How much can they really overlap?” As he explains, in the past, it was thought that work on the three bands could be tightly overlapped, but it soon became apparent that this approach would require a very large budget to accomplish. Now, Green

says “it’s not clear to leadership that we’re going to be able to afford that level of funding over the course of more than a decade.” Instead the program office is stepping back into a study phase on both the low- and high-band jamming capabilities to see if there are ways to accomplish this work more affordably. “It’s a kind of re-evaluation of the AoA for the low and high bands. We know we’re on target with the midband, which is really the core mission of the Growler and where a great many

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of the targets are found,” he explains. “And we know we’re on target with the active arrays and with the architecture we have chosen, but we’re just not 100 percent certain that the solutions we have in the low and high bands are as affordable and executable as they need to be, so we’re going back and looking.” One alternate approach being examined is leveraging existing equipment such as the ALQ-99’s low-band transmitter, which is still in production at Cobham (Lansdale, PA). “It’s very capable,” says Green, “and not to say there aren’t areas to improve it, but moving away from it all together for what I would call a fully-NGJ-compliant solution might be more than we can afford.” NAVAIR awarded Cobham a $39 million contract option award earlier this year to continue full-rate production of the AN/ALQ-99 low band transmitter-

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The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

43

antenna group (LBT-AG), with deliveries expected to continue through 2014. The contract also allows for up to two more annual production options. Green is not as confident that a similar approach could be applied to the high-band transmitter, which is much older technology, but does suggest the possibility of “missionizing” the midband pod by combining high-band and mid-band arrays in the same pod. “One of our prime design tenets is to be modular open systems architecture (MOSA)-compliant to the greatest degree possible,” he says. “In fact, MOSA compliance is one of the source-selection criteria, so we’ll be looking very closely at how this may be brought into play to address requirements such as this.” The results of the low-band affordability study are expected to be complete by late summer, at which time

Green expects the OPNAV decisionmaking process to begin on the specific direction and budgeting for low-band work to move forward, with a similar study and decision on high-band to take place about a year later.

FORCE STRUCTURE, UAVS AND INTEROPERABILITY Green is certain that NGJ technology will eventually be carried on UAVs, as well as on manned platforms. “Right now, the current Navy program is only focused on the replacement of the ALQ-99 pods on the Growler,” he says, “but in addition to stand-off and (missions outside defended airspace) mod-escort jamming, we will certainly also have to have an expendable stand-in capability – something that we can put right into the heart of an adversary’s defenses.” 579881_Norden.indd 1

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While NGJ is perhaps the biggest piece of the overall AEA system of systems, it is still just one piece, and we have to continue to make investments in the other pieces as well, because if we don’t, then we won’t have the fully-integrated capability that’s required for successful operations.” While budgetary pressures will likely have an impact on the rate of progress and final shape of NGJ, it’s also clear that fleet and joint operational commanders, and OSD recognize that mod-

escort jamming is, and will continue to be, a key survivability capability for strike warfare against both highlysophisticated air defense systems and irregular warfare environments. And, as Captain Green correctly points out, “With the stand-down of the USAF’s B-52 stand-off jammer program, the joint war fighter will continue to be very dependent on the mod-escort jamming that the US Navy and Marine Corps bring to the fight, making the success of the NGJ program all the more critical.” a The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

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Because they can be relatively quickly integrated with new and different technologies, as well as function well in irregular warfare environments, Green believes that small to mid-size UAVs will always be of interest for these types of EW missions. However, Green also points out that UAVs have yet to fully prove themselves in combat environments where own-forces don’t have air superiority. “This is where the real challenge will be.” Additional capabilities provided by expendable systems such as the USAF’s miniature air-launched decoyjammer (MALD-J) may play a role in conjunction with NGJ platforms, manned or unmanned, in those circumstances. Interoperability between different systems will also be a critical factor for successful electronic attack. In that regard, Green also references the US Marine Corps’ “Intrepid Tiger II” communications attack system, a remotely controlled, networked jammer developed by PMA 234 and currently deployed in Afghanistan on the AV-8B Harrier. With its remote controlled capability, this system is ideally suited for carriage on not only legacy manned platforms such as the F/A-18 and AH/UH-1, but also on unmanned platforms as well. “As important as NGJ, MALD-J and Intrepid Tiger are,” he says, “we must continue work on networking these capabilities to ensure that they work cooperatively, and in some cases, remotely. EW has lagged behind the air-to-air community in networking our capabilities, and it has really hurt us. Just as with Link-16 in air-to-air warfare, in the EW community – both in EA and ES – we need to move toward a networked paradigm where the sum is greater than the parts.” Ultimately, Green is a firm believer in a balanced approach to providing force survivability incorporating multiple technologies, tactics and platforms, including UAVs, low-observable technology and multiple types of jamming systems for stand-off, mod-escort, stand-in and self protection. “If you don’t do this,” he says, “you’ll end up with programs that are too costly or require too much time to develop. Sometimes achieving this balance is challenging, but people have to work together and do things in a way that is affordable and realistic.

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That’s thinking ahead. That’s Agilent.

Agilent and our Distributor Network Right Instrument. Right Expertise. Delivered Right Now.

800-732-3457 www.testequity.com/agilent

© 2011 Agilent Technologies, Inc. (U.S. Army photo by Spc. Patrick Tharpe) (Released)

Handheld Spectrum Analyzers (HSA) Key Specs

N9344C

N9343C

N9342C

Frequency

1 MHz– 20 GHz

1 MHz– 13.6 GHz

100 kHz– 7 GHz

DANL

-155 dBm/Hz -155 dBm/Hz -164 dBm/Hz

Sweep time < 0.9 s

< 0.7 s

< 0.4 s

Weight with 3.6 kg (7.9 lbs) battery

3.6 kg (7.9 lbs)

3.6 kg (7.9 lbs)

View onl View nlin i e HS HSA A vi vide deoo de demo moss Down Do w lo l ad dem emon onst stra rati t on guide dess www. ww w te test steq equi uity ty.ccom om/A /Agi gile lent nt_H HSA

TECHNOLOGY SURVEY A SAMPLING OF SPECTRUM ANALYZERS By Ollie Holt

ABOUT THE SURVEY JED sent out questionnaires and received responses from seven spectrum analyzer manufacturers. In the table, the “Operating Frequency Range” column defines the lower and upper

operational range of the analyzer. The upper frequency limit is the more important value for determining if the analyzer will cover the frequency range of the system or component to be tested/evaluated. The next column defines the center frequency and span options. The display on a spectrum analyzer can be set with a start and stop frequency. The start frequency would be the start of the sweep on the left side of the display and the stop frequency is the top limit on the right side of the display. The frequency range between the start and stop frequency is called the span. The center frequency is the frequency point in the center of the display. The operator can select the center frequency and the frequency span to be displayed. There are usually multiple options the operator can select to control the amount of information on the display. The “Resolution Bandwidth” column indicates the bandwidth of the swept filter or the digital filter used in the signal processing of the FFT data. This bandwidth can be selected and is most important when trying to discriminate between closely spaced signals in frequency. The filter bandwidth also defines the analyzer noise floor (lower noise floor allows weaker signals to be detected). The wider the bandwidth the higher the noise floor will be, and the narrower the bandwidth the lower the noise floor – lower is better. The detector defines the technique used to determine the signal amplitude. Some typical types are simple detection, peak detection and average detection. Simple just uses the midpoint of the display. Peak uses the maximum measured point, and average uses all the data points. Average may use root mean squared averaging, voltage or log-power averaging. The SFDR column defines the spurious free dynamic range and is the same as for any receiver system. It defines the operational dynamic range from the lowest power signal detected to the highest power signal. This parameter can be a function of the bandwidth selected. The “Trigger” column defines the options for starting a measurement of a specific signal. This could be continuous, where the analyzer just keeps sweeping, or it can be set to trigger on specific artifacts on the analyzer input or some other external stimulus. The “Applications” column addresses the different uses the spectrum analyzer was designed to support. Some may be just for communication signals where others are general purpose for all RF types. The “Form Factor” column indicates whether the spectrum analyzer is more suited for laboratory use or is small enough to be taken in the field or to a flight line. Similarly, weight, power and size aid in determining where and how the spectrum analyzer can be used. In next month’s survey, JED will address radar jammers.

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

T

his month’s technology survey looks at spectrum analyzers for EW testing. Why are spectrum analyzers of interest to EW developers and users? Spectrum analyzers can provide insight into an RF signal’s characteristics. They can be used to characterize properties of a radar signal being transmitted to support development of radar signal identification parameters. They can also be used to monitor the output of a transmitter or jammer to ensure that it is creating the desired waveform. A spectrum analyzer can measure an RF signal’s dominant frequency, power, harmonics, bandwidth and other spectral components that cannot be easily measured in the time domain. They can also perform typical time domain measurements, like signal repetition rate and pulse rise time measurements. A typical spectrum analyzer display will show frequency on the horizontal axis and amplitude on the vertical axis. There are two basic types of spectrum analyzers; 1) swepttuned and 2) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Some spectrum analyzers use a combination (hybrid) of the two concepts by first down-converting the input RF signal and then analyzing using the FFT. A swept-tuned spectrum analyzer down-converts the signal to a center frequency of a swept tuned bandpass filter. The filter bandwidth defines the resolution bandwidth. A local oscillator is swept through the display frequency range, moving a band pass filter with it, and the results (energy that is passes through the filter) are shown on the display. The disadvantages of a swept-tuned spectrum analyzer are, if it scans too fast, it reduces amplitude and frequency measurement accuracy, and sweeping too slow may cause you to miss details in a time-variant signal. An FFT spectrum analyzer samples the input signal and Fourier transforms it to perform the signal measurements. The sampling frequency must be at least twice the bandwidth of the signal of interest following the Nyquist limits for correct signal measurements. After collecting a set of samples, different mathematical operations can be performed on the data to measure different signal parameters. The main disadvantage of the FFT spectrum analyzer is that for higher frequencies the sampling speeds start to exceed analog-to-digital converter technology, limiting the spectrum analyzer’s upper frequency. To compensate for the limited upper frequency capability of FFT spectrum analyzers, a hybrid of the two types was developed. First the signal is down-converted to an intermediate frequency and then sampled for FFT analysis.

47

SPECTRUM ANALYZERS Product Model

Spectrum Analyzer Type (swept-tuned, FFT, hybrid, other)

Operating Frequency Range

Center Frequency and Span Options

Resolution Bandwidth

Detector

Aeroflex Test Solutions; Wichita, KS, USA; +(316) 522-498; www.aeroflex.com 3250 Series

Hybrid swept and FFT

1 kHZ - 26.5 GHz

CF: 1 kHz to maximum with 1Hz resolution; span: 0 Hz, 10 Hz - full span with 1-Hz Resolution

3 dB: 1 Hz-5 MHz in 1-23-5 sequence

Normal, peak, sample, -peak, log power average, RMS average, voltage average

6 dB: 10 Hz, 100 Hz, 200 Hz, 1 kHz, 9 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz, 120 kHz, 1 MHz Impulse

6840A Series

Swept

1 MHz - 46 GHz

Full span to zero span with any intermediate value. 1Hz resolution.

1 kHz-3 MHz in 1-3-10 sequences

9100 Series

Swept

1 kHZ - 7.5 GHz

CF: 1 kHz to maximum with 1Hz resolution; span: 0 Hz, 10 Hz - full span with 1-Hz Resolution

3 dB: 100 Hz-1 MHz in 1-3-5 sequence

Log power, lin power, RMS voltage, peak hold, narrowband FM discriminator

+/- peak; positive peak, negative peak, sample, RMS (optional)

Agilent Technologies Inc.; Santa Clara, CA, USA; +(877) 424-4536; www.agilent.com

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

48

N9000A CXA X-Series

Hybrid

9 kHz-7.5 GHz

CF: operating frequency range.; span: zero span, full span of any frequency (at 2 Hz resolution) between 10 Hz and maximum frequency.

1 Hz-8 MHz

N9010A EXA X-Series

Hybrid

10 Hz-44 GHz

CF: operating frequency range.; span: zero span, full span of any frequency (at 2 Hz resolution) between 10 Hz and maximum frequency.

1 Hz-8 MHz

N9020A MXA X-Series

Hybrid

10 Hz-26.5 GHz

CF: operating frequency range.; span: zero span, full span of any frequency (at 2 Hz resolution) between 10 Hz and maximum frequency.

1 Hz-8 MHz

N9030A PXA High Performance X-Series

Hybrid

3 Hz-50 GHz

CF: operating frequency range.; span: zero span, full span of any frequency (at 2 Hz resolution) between 10 Hz and maximum frequency.

1 Hz-8 MHz

N9344C

Hybrid

1 MHz-20 GHz

CF: operating frequency range.

10 Hz-3 MHz

Sample detection, peak detection, log power average detection, RMS average detection, voltage detection, normal detection, quasi-peak detection (optional) (see N9000A CXA X-Series)

(see N9000A CXA X-Series)

(see N9000A CXA X-Series)

Normal, positive peak, sample, negative peak, average (video, RMS, voltage)

Anritsu; Morgan Hill, CA, USA; 800-267-4878; www.anritsu.com Spectrum Master™ MS2712E

Hybrid

9 kHz-4 GHz

CF: 9 kHz-4 GHz; span 0-4 GHz

1 Hz-3 MHz

Spectrum Master™ MS2713E

Hybrid

9 kHz-6 GHz

CF: 9 kHz-6 GHz; span 0-6 GHz

1 Hz-3 MHz

Spectrum Master™ MS2725C

Hybrid

9 kHz-32 GHz

CF: 10 Hz-32 GHz; span: 0-32 GHz

1 Hz-10 MHz

Spectrum Master™ MS2726C

Hybrid

9 kHz-43 GHz

CF: 10 Hz-43 GHz; span: 0-43 GHz

1 Hz-10 MHz

Peak, negative, sample, quasi-peak, and true RMS

Peak, negative, sample, quasi-peak, and true RMS

Peak, negative, sample, quasi-peak, and true RMS

Peak, negative, sample, quasi-peak, and true RMS

Spur Free Dynamic Trigger Types Range (SFDR)

Applications

Form Factor

Size (in inches unless indicated otherwise)

Weight

Additional Features

Source: external, video, free run, burst

General purpose swept RF measurements for R&D, test and service

Bench portable with AC/DC power options

14.7 (W) x 7.6 HD) x 15.8 (D)

11 kg to 13.4 kg

3 GHz and 8 GHz tracking generator; 30-MHz signal analyzer standard; generic modulation analysis standard; EMI Receiver option

70 dB

Internal continuous

Microwave component, system and subsystem testing.

Bench

9 (H) x 17 (W) x 22 (D)

24 kg (depending upon options)

A synthesized source/tracking generator, a 3-input scalar analyzer, and a synthesized spectrum analyzer are integrated into one compact instrument.

63 dB

Free run, video, external, slope

Mobile phone repair, EMI assessment, manufacturing, measure and verify base station emissions, installation/repair/ maintenance BTS installation, Wi-fi

Handheld

7.5 (H) x 14 (W) x 3.3 (D)

3.4 kg

Bench edition for bench use; field edition for portable use; VSWR/ DTF edition for cable test and BTS installation.

42 dBm (second order intercept)

RF burst trigger, video trigger, external trigger, TV trigger

Signal analysis and signal monitoring for aerospace defense, satellite communications, wireless communications, wireless connectivity, general-purpose

Bench top or portable

7 (H) x 16.8 (W) x 14.5 (L)

14 kg

Over 25 X-Series measurement applications are available, ranging from phase noise, noise figure, analog demod, to cellular communications, wireless connectivity and digital TV.

45 dBm (second order intercept)

RF burst trigger, video trigger, external trigger, TV trigger

Signal analysis and signal monitoring for aerospace defense, satellite communications, wireless communications, wireless connectivity, general-purpose

Bench top or portable

7 (H) x 16.8 (W) x 14.5 (L)

16 kg

89600 VSA (vector signal analysis) software can run inside or on a separate PC.

54 dBm (second order intercept)

RF burst trigger, video trigger, external trigger, TV trigger

Signal analysis and signal monitoring for aerospace defense, satellite communications, wireless communications, wireless connectivity, general-purpose

Bench top or portable

7 (H) x 16.8 (W) x 14.5 (L)

16 kg

Upgradable CPU module ready for future technology evolvement.

45 dBm (second order intercept)

RF burst trigger, video trigger, external trigger, TV trigger

Signal analysis and signal monitoring for aerospace defense, satellite communications, wireless communications, wireless connectivity, general-purpose

Bench top

7 (H) x 16.8 (W) x 21.9 (L)

22 kg

Over 25 X-Series measurement applications avalable.

35 dBm (scond order intercept)

Free run, video, external, RF burst

Installation and maintenance, field testing, benchtop

Handheld

8.1 (H) x 12.5 (W) x 2.7 (L)

3.2 kg

Task planner option reduces setup time by 95 percent; channel scanner measures up to 20 channels simultaneously.

Free run, external, video, change position, manual

Spectrum monitoring, interference analysis, signal mapping, coverage mapping

Handheld

10.7 x 7.8 x 3.6

7.6 lb

Interference analyzer; coverage mapping, tracking generator, AM/ FM/PM analyzer.

Free run, external, video, change position, manual

Spectrum monitoring, interference analysis, signal mapping, coverage mapping

Handheld

10.7 x 7.8 x 3.6

7.6 lb

Interference analyzer; coverage mapping, tracking generator, AM/ FM/PM analyzer.

Free run, external, video, dela, level, slope, hysteresis, holdoff, force trigger once (in zero span)

Spectrum monitoring, interference analysis, regulatory compliance, detecting hidden signals

Handheld

12.4 x 8.3 x 3

8.5 lb

High-accuracy power meter; interference analyzer;channel scanner; GPS receiver; secure data operation, 3G and 4G signal measurements.

Free run, external, video, dela, level, slope, hysteresis, holdoff, force trigger once

Spectrum monitoring, interference analysis, regulatory compliance, detecting hidden signals

Handheld

12.4 x 8.3 x 3

8.5 lb

(see Spectrum Master™ MS2725C)

>102 dB in 1 Hz RBW

>102 dB in 1 Hz RBW

>104 dB in 1 Hz RBW

>104 dB in 1 Hz RBW

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

55 dB

49

SPECTRUM ANALYZERS Product Model

Spectrum Analyzer Type (swept-tuned, FFT, hybrid, other)

Operating Frequency Range

Center Frequency and Span Options

Resolution Bandwidth

Detector

B&K Precision; Yorba Linda, CA, USA; +(714) 921-9095; www.bkprecision.com Model 2658A

Swept-tuned

50 kHz-8.5 GHz

0 Hz (zero span), 200 kHz to 5 GHz (12-5 step), 8.5 GHz (full span)

3 kHz-3 MHz (1-3 step)

Positive peak, negative peak, sample, average

Model 2652

Swept-tuned

50 kHz-3.3 GHz

0 Hz (zero span), 200 kHz to 2 GHz (12-5 step), 3.3 GHz (full span)

3 kHz-3 MHz (1-3 step)

Positive peak, negative peak, sample, average

Good Will Instrument Co., Ltd.; New Taipei City, Taiwan; +886-2-22680389; www.gwinstek.com Model GSP-930

Swept-tuned

9 Khz-3 GHz

*

1 Hz

Positive-peak, negative-peak, sample, normal, RMS (not video)

Rohde & Schwarz; Munich, Germany; +49 89 4129-0; www.rohde-schwarz.com R&S FSH 8

Swept-tuned

9 kHz-8 GHz

CF: operating freq. range; span: 10 Hz to 8 GHz

1 Hz-3 MHz

Sample detection, auto peak, peak detection (max/min), average detection, RMS, quasi-peak

R&S FSU

Swept-tuned

20 Hz-67 GHz

CF: operating freq. range; span: 10 Hz to full span

1 Hz-50 MHz

Sample detection, peak detection, RMS detection, average detection, quasi-peak, RMS-average and CISPR average

R&S FSV

Swept-tuned with FFT sweeps, signal analysis modes

10 Hz-40 GHz

CF: operating freq. range; span: 0 Hz, 10 Hz to full span

1 Hz-20 MHz, up to 40 MHz in zero span

Sample detection, peak detection, RMS detection, average detection, quasi-peak, RMS-average and CISPR average optional

R&S FSVR

Real-time spectrum anlayzer, signal analysis modes

10 Hz-40 GHz

CF: operating freq. range; span: 0 Hz, 10 Hz to full span

1 Hz-20 MHz, up to 40 MHz in zero span

Sample detection, peak detection, RMS detection, average detection, quasi-peak, RMS-average and CISPR average optional

R&S FSW

Swept-tuned with FFT sweeps, signal analysis modes

2 Hz-26 GHz

CF: operating freq. range; span 0 Hz, 10 Hz to full span

1 Hz-10 MHz, signal analysis bandwidth up to 160 MHz

Sample, peak, RMS, average

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

50

Tektronix; Beaverton, OR, USA; 800-833-9200; www.tek.com H600/ SA2600 RFHawk Series

FFT, hybrid

10 kHz-6.2 GHz

Set CF and span; set start/stop freq.; full span sweeps; amplitude vs. time

10 Hz-3 MHz

+Peak, -peak, average (VRMS)

MDO4000 Mixed Domain Oscilloscope Series

FFT

50 kHz-6 GHz

Set CF and span; set start/stop freq.; capture BW of >= 1 GHz

20 Hz-10 MHz

+Peak, -peak, average (VRMS), sample

RSA5100A Series RealTime Signal Analyzer

FFT

1 Hz-6.2 GHz

Set CF and span; set start/stop freq.; full span sweeps

10 Hz-10 MHz

+Peak, -peak, sample, average (VRMS), average (log), CISPR peak, CISPR quasi peak, CISPR average

RSA6100B Series RealTime Signal Analyzer

FFT

9 kHz-20 GHz

Set CF and span; set start/stop freq.; full span sweeps

0.1 Hz-10 MHz

+Peak, -peak, sample, average (VRMS), average (log), CISPR peak, CISPR quasi peak, CISPR average

Spur Free Dynamic Trigger Types Range (SFDR)

Applications

Form Factor

Size (in inches unless indicated otherwise)

Weight

Additional Features

Internal, external

RF and microwave, wireless communication systems, TV and broadcasting

Handheld

6.4 x 2.8 x 10.4

1.8 kg

Spurious free mode, auto tuning, USB port, and PC software.

< -60 dBc

Internal, external

RF and microwave, wireless communication systems, TV and broadcasting

Handheld

6.4 x 2.8 x 10.4

1.8 kg

*

-142 dBm ~ +30dBm (at preamplifier on)

BNC female

EMI debug, mobile phone signal, RFID, wireless LAN, GPS receiver, antenna, tuner, RF component

Portable

213 (H) x 350 (W) x 105.7(D) mm

4.5 kg

High frequency stability: 25ppb (0.025ppm); phase noise: -88dBc/Hz @1GHz, 10kHz offset.

#VALUE

Free run, video, external

Spectrum analysis, interference analysis, full 2-port vector network analysis, cable and antenna testing, measurement of electromagnetic fields

Handheld

7.6 x 11.8 x 2.7

3 kg

High sensitivity (< –141 dBm (1 Hz), with preamplifier < –161 dBm (1 Hz)); 20 MHz demodulation bandwidth for analyzing LTE signals; low measurement uncertainty (< 1 dB).

-90 dBc

External, IF power, video

Phase noise, noise figure, AM/FM/ PM modulation measurements, scalar network analysis

Benchtop

7.5 (H) x 17.1 (W) x 18.1 (D)

14.6-17 kg

Emulation mode for many obsolete spectrum analyzers; removable hard-drive optional.

-80 dBc

External, IF power, RF power, video

Phase noise, noise figure, AM/FM/ PM modulation measurements, distortion analysis

Benchtop

7.7 x 16.2 x 16.4

9.5-11.1 kg

Touch screen operation via block diagrams or standard hard- and soft-keys; emulation mode for many obsolete spectrum analyzers; removable hard drive standard.

-80 dBc

External, IF power, RF power, video; freq. mask trigger

Phase noise, noise figure, AM/FM/ PM modulation measurements, vector signal analyzer applications for single carrier and OFDM signal

Benchtop

7.7 x 16.2 x 20.3

12.8-14.3

Real-time mode with persistence spectrum, gapless spectrogram; touch-screen operation via block diagrams or standard hard- and soft-keys.

-100 dBc

External, IF power, RF power, video

Phase noise, noise figure, pulse measurements, AM/FM/PM modulation measurements

Benchtop

9.4 x 18.1 x 19.8

18-20 kg

Multi-View function for parallel operation of different applications; multi-standard radio analyzer for analyzing signal interactions.

-70 dBc at 20 MHz BW

IF power, external, internal timebase

Spectrum management, radar and EW operations, EMI diagnostics, radio communications

Portable

10 x 13 x 5.8

12.2 lb

DPX spectrum – up to 10,000 FFT’s per second; hot-swappable batteries, mapping/GPS.

<60 dBc typical at 30 MHz BW

Triggers available using RF channel as the source – power level, sequence (opt.), pulse width (opt.), timeout (opt.), runt (opt.), logic (opt.)

EMI diagnostics and troubleshooting, radio communications, debug of designs with integrated wireless radio

Benchtop

9 x 17.3 x 5.8

11 lb

Spectrum analyzer with a builtin oscilloscope; time correlated analog, digital and RF signal acquisition in a single instrument.

-75 dBc at 85 MHz BW

Power, external, frequency edge, frequency mask, DPX density

Radar and EW design and operations, spectrum management, EMI diagnostics and troubleshooting, radio communications

Benchtop

11.1 x 18.6 x 20.9

54 lb

DPX spectrum – over 292,000 FFT’s per second updated in real time, variable RBW from 1 Hz to 10 MHz.

-75 dBc at 100 MHz BW

Power, external, frequency edge, frequency mask, DPX density

Radar and EW design and operations, spectrum management, EMI diagnostics and troubleshooting, radio communications

Benchtop

11.1 x 18.6 x 20.9

58 lb

Swept DPX across entire 20 GHz of instrument.

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

< -60 dBc

51

Survey

Key

–

Spectrum

MODEL Product name or model number SPECTRUM ANALYZER TYPE • FFT = fast Fourier transform OPERATING FREQUENCY RANGE Operating frequency or center frequency CENTER FREQUENCY AND SPAN OPTIONS The center frequency and span of the spectrum analyzer unit • CF = center frequency RESOLUTION BANDWIDTH Bandwidth of the filter (swept or digital) used for signal processing DETECTOR

Analyzers

APPLICATIONS Uses of the spectrum analyzer FORM FACTOR Suitable operating environments (lab or field) for the spectrum analyzer SIZE Length, width and depth in inches unless otherwise sepcified. WEIGHT Unit weight specified in pounds or kilograms OTHER ABBREVIATIONS • freq. = frequency * Indicates answer is classified, not releasable or no answer was given.

The technique used to determine the signal amplitude SFDR Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) TRIGGER TYPES Options for starting measurement of a specific signal

July 2012 Product Survey: Radar Jammers This survey will cover radar jammers for air, land, maritime or space applications. Please e-mail jknowles@ naylor.com to request a survey questionnaire.

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

52

587832_Aselsan.indd 1

5/14/12 4:12:37 PM

EW

101

Spectrum Warfare – Part 14

Digital Communication continued

By Dave Adamy

LINK MARGIN SPECIFICS

Link margin is the difference between the minimum signal level in the receiver for proper link connectivity and the actual signal level received as the link is configured. Table 2 shows the items that need to be considered in calculating the link margin. This table was adapted from a similar table in the textbook, Introduction to RF Propagation by Dr. John Seybold (Wiley, 1958) The “subtotal” items in this table are related by the following two formulas: RSP = ERP – TPL + TRG Where: RSP = received signal power ERP = effective radiated power TPL = total path loss TRG = total receiver gain NLM = RSP – RSS Where NLM = net link margin RSP = received signal power RSS = receiver system sensitivity

DIGITIZING IMAGERY An important issue in net-centric warfare is the transportation of imagery from the point of origin to the point at which an operator or other decision maker needs to access the information carried in the imagery. The imagery can be from a large part of the electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, infrared or ultraviolet. There are two basic approaches to the capture of imagery. One way is to scan an area using a raster scan as shown in

SENSOR MOVED THROUGH RASTER PATTERN

Figure 11. In this technique, a single sensor (IR, UV, or visible light) (or set of sensors) is directed through the angular area of interest. The spacing of the lines in the raster is close enough to provide the required resolution of the picture in the vertical dimension. The horizontal resolution is determined by the angular movement between the samples of the data from the sensor. In analog video, this sampled data has a frame synchronization pulse at the beginning of each picture captured; and a line synchronization pulse at the beginning of each line in the raster pattern. For commercial television (in the US), there are 575 lines in the raster and 575 samples taken per line. Every second line (alternating) is sent 60 times per second. This captures 30 full pictures per second. In Europe, there are 625 raster lines and 625 samples per line. Every second line is sent 50 times per second, yielding 25 full pictures per second. In either case, this allows “full motion video” because the human eye can only see a new picture 24 times per second. This analog video signal requires a bandwidth of just under 4 MHz in full color. By digitizing the output of the scanned sensor, a digital video signal is produced Figure 12 shows the other approach to capturing imagery data. In this case, there are a number of imagery sensors in an array. Each sensor captures one pixel of the picture. The outputs of these sensors are sequentially sampled and digitized to form a serial digital signal suitable for transmission. The bit rate of the digital signal is determined by the formula: Bit rate = frames per sec x pixels per frame x bits per pixel A standard, full resolution digitized video signal has 720 by 486 pixels per picture with 16 bits for each pixel. This makes 720 x 486 x 16 bits per picture.

PIXELS SERIAL BIT STREAM

Figure 11: If imagery is sensed using a raster scan, the intensity of each color in each pixel is digitized into a serial bit stream.

SEQUENTIALLY SAMPLE PIXELS SERIAL BIT STREAM

Figure 12: If the imagery sensor has a sensor array, the intensity of each color is digitized for each pixel and output as a serial bit stream.

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

L

ike the last two months in this series, we will continue the figure and table numbering.

53

E W101 In the US, with 30 frames per second, this requires a bit rate of 167,961,600 bits /sec. In Europe, with 25 frames per second, the required bit rate is 139,968,000 bits/sec. Depending on the type of modulation carrying this digital data, that could require a great deal of link bandwidth. We will discuss various ways of reducing this data rate.

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

54

• Use digital data compression software.

There are three basic digital compression techniques: • Direct Cosine Transform Compression (DCT), which writes a digital word to describe an 8 x 8 section of the picture captured. This is a very mature technique. As the signal-to-noise ratio of the received digital signal degrades, the picture breaks into square blocks. A single VIDEO COMPRESSION bit error will take out 64 pixels, and under some circumThere are various basic measures that will reduce the restances can take out a whole picture, which can require quired bandwidth. One way is to transmit analog video. Unmultiple frames to resynchronize. Therefore, systems usfortunately, this option has the disadvantages that analog ing DCT compression must usually incorporate forward ersignals are very difficult to securely encrypt and their qualror correction. ity can be severely reduced if transported over long distances • Wavelet Compression, which performs a series of highrequiring multiple transmissions. If digital video is used, the pass-filter operations on the picture, replacing a series required data rate (hence bandwidth) can be reduced using of ones with a single one. After repeating this operation several techniques: 10 or 12 times, a compressed digital representation of the • Reduce the frame rate whole picture is generated. With this approach, each bit • Reduce the data density (i.e., reduce the resolution) error has the effect of slightly blurring the whole picture. • Reduce the angular area of coverage (with the same This means that, in general, forward error correction is not resolution) advantageous. • Take advantage of the fact that the eye sees luminance • Fractal Compression in which the picture is divided into (brightness) at twice the resolution of chrominance (color). geometric shapes and a digital bit stream is generated to This allows full color with 8-bit resolution per color to be describe the density, color and placement of each shape. captured with only 16 bits per pixel. This technique requires a great deal of memory and processing power. The performance of this compresTable 2: Elements of Link Margin sion technique is comparable to that of DCT and WaveItem Units Subtotal let compression, but it has the advantage of allowing Transmitter Power dBm significant enlargement. Transmitter Loss dB Each of these techniques reduces the data rate that Cable Loss dB must be transmitted, thereby reducing the required + Transmit Antenna Gain dBi link bandwidth. All three techniques compress each Radome Loss dB frame of video, which allows efficient editing and dBm Effective Radiated Power analysis to recover information from the digital data. The compression ratio depends on the required quality Path Loss dB of the recovered video, but ratios of 30 to 50 are usuTransmit Antenna Pointing Error dB ally discussed. Rain Loss (99.9% availability) dB Temporal Compression involves removing redunMultipath Loss dB dant data from frame to frame. It is possible to achieve Atmospheric Loss dB very high compression ratios with this compression dB Total Path Loss approach. The disadvantage is that digital editing becomes very difficult. Receiving Radome Loss dB + Receiving Antenna Gain Polarization Loss Receiver Loss Receiving Antenna Pointing Error

Interference Margin Noise Power (kTB) Receiver Noise Figure Signal to Noise Ratio

dB dB dB dB dB

Total Receiver Gain

dBm

Received Signal Power

FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION

dB dBm dB dB dBm

Receiver System Sensitivity

dB

Net Link Margin

By encoding transmitted digital signals with additional bits, it is possible to detect bit errors up to some limit and to correct those bit errors at the receiver. The more additional bits are incorporated, the more bit errors can be corrected. These additional bits increase the transmitted bit rate – hence the required link bandwidth.

WHAT‘S NEXT Next month, we will discuss cyber warfare and its relationship to electronic warfare. For your comments and suggestions, Dave Adamy can be reached at dave@ lynxpub.com. a

Arming the Spectrum Warrior September 23-26 Phoenix Convention Center and Hyatt Regency | Phoenix, AZ Electromagnetic Spectrum Warfare is entering a new frontier. Much like the settling of the “Wild West,” EMS control now affects government, industry and the military alike in their requirement for unfettered spectrum operating freedom globally. The AOC community leads the charge into the dawn of the “Spectrum Age.” Spectrum Warfare practitioners in academia, government, industry and the military must now saddle-up and corral our collective knowledge into a cohesive force; and we must bring young pioneers into the fold and learn from each other. Join us in Phoenix, September 23-26, 2012, as the AOC hosts “Arming the Spectrum Warrior.”

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ AOC Convention—by the numbers: ■ ■ ■ ■

1600+ Attendees 100+ Company Displays 50+ Session Briefs 7 Professional Development Courses

■ 50+ Awardees Honored ■ 27+ Hours of Relevant Session

■ 100% Networking-Rich

Content ■ 3 Action-Packed Days ■ 100% EMS Warfare–Centric

■ Countless Cups of Coffee ■ 1 Electromagnetic Spectrum ■ 1 Good Time—had by all

Environment

Keynote Speakers: ■ What will New Physics do to Warfighting? Mr. Jeff Jonas, Fellow and Chief Scientist, IBM Analytics Group ■ Imagining the Next Evolution of National Security Dr. Eric Haseltine, Former Associate Director for Science & Technology, Office of the Director of National Intelligence

Registration is now open! For more details visit crows.org

Election Guide

2012

Candidates for President-Elect (vote for one) Wayne L. Shaw III Wayne’s AOC membership began in 1988 upon graduation from USAF electronic warfare officer (EWO) training. While a B-52 EWO, he helped turn an inactive AOC chapter into one that received the Chapter of the Year – Small Chapter Award for 1990. At his B-1B assignment, he served as treasurer and later as president of the Red River Raven Roost. His final flying assignment in the USN EA-6B, gave Wayne opportunities to help

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the Prowler Roost. In 2008, upon returning from a one-year remote assignment running the USCENTCOM EW shop in the desert, Wayne immediately became active in the Billy Mitchell Chapter. He ran their luncheon program for three years, served on several committees, and led the Chapter’s Investment Committee. His fellow directors voted him “Director of the Year” in 2009 and 2010. In addition, he has actively participated in his first national AOC BOD meeting, been on the membership committee, and until recently, the nominations and election committee. He has extensive chapter-level operations experience over a long time frame, and he knows what it’s like trying to get a small chapter going, as well as being part of a collaborative, successful team in a larger chapter. Wayne’s operational EW career included flying as a EWO on B-52s, B-1s, EF-111s and EA-6Bs. His staff assignments included programming funding for EW at the Pentagon and being an EW Planner – from realworld post-Desert Storm days in Riyadh to exercises at 8th Air Force to Mission Rehearsal Exercises while an Air Liaison Officer (ALO) with the 4th Infantry Division. He was on the ground as an ALO in Baghdad for six months in 2006 and has a combat-forged bond with our soldiers who “go outside the wire.” Wayne continues to work in EW today as a contractor supporting the Joint Electronic Warfare Center. His military decorations include two Bronze Stars, twice as many Air Medals, and many more military decorations as a result of flying in Operations PROVIDE COMFORT, SOUTHERN and NORTHERN WATCH, and IRAQI FREEDOM in the air and on the ground. The AOC honored Wayne in 2009 as the USAF recipient of the Joint Service Award. Wayne’s past experiences serving in various capacities for AOC have given him a clear idea of how he can help move AOC into the future. His vision for AOC is to make it the “go to” entity for EW and electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) control concerns. He wants the AOC to refocus on its core of being an association for EW and winning the fight in the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) – whatever pieces of other “domains” that may entail. To make the national processes and products even more accessible and transparent to the membership is also a part of Wayne’s vision for AOC. In addition, as president he will collaborate with membership on how to promote EW and EMS-type careers to the youth of our country. Wayne looks forward to sharing his specific ideas and brainstorming with the membership on how to best make this happen.

Anthony “Tony” Lisuzzo Since joining in 1984, the AOC has always been an integral part of his career. Tony is presently serving as a Director At Large on the National Board of AOC, and he has served the AOC Garden State Chapter as Secretary, Treasurer, Vice President and President; along with running the Northeast conference. He has participated in numerous symposiums and chaired several NATO RTO technical R&D programs. In addition, he has served as a technical advisor to the Journal of Electronic Defense. He was humbled and honored to be the recipient of the prestigious AOC 2009 National Gold Medal. Tony has retired from the federal service and has joined L-3 Communication Space and Navigation as VP/GM where he continues to contribute to the security of our National Defense. During his 33 years of Federal Government service, as Director of the Intelligence and Information Warfare Directorate (I2WD) at the US Army Communication-Electronic Research and Development Center, he was responsible for providing a full range of EW/ISR systems for both air and ground platforms that protected our men and women of the Armed Forces. Hallmark to his reputation, Tony is the recipient of numerous DOD, Department of the Army and NATO awards, including the Meritorious Service Award, Superior Civilian Service Award, Scientific Achievement Award and the Presidential Meritorious Executive Award. In addition to these distinctive awards, Tony has served on the Board of Directors to the US Military Academy Engineering Department and has been requested to participate as a member on a Board of Trustees to a private Engineering University. Tony continues to educate the community about the increased convergence and ubiquity of EW, ISR and Cyber capabilities that represent a significant change in the way our National Forces address their operational environment. The next-generation systems are beginning to emerge, forming a global, hybrid, and adaptive network that seamlessly merges commercial/ military wired, wireless, optical, Satellite Communications (SATCOM), ISR and other systems into one network. The DOD’s ability to leverage cyber and electromagnetic spectrum capabilities will be increasingly critical to its future operational success. More than ever, this EW/EMS challenge is a combined responsibility. Specifically working with our international colleagues and teaming together will be the ingredient for success. Tony wants to assist AOC and the community to identify areas for combined operations so the strengths of all are maximized. Tony brings a unique perspective and will provide the power of a multi-prong approach to increase national and international visibility of the AOC by introducing a professional certification program that increases awareness to the EW/EMS discipline; increase membership through partnering with Universities Engineering/Math/Science departments. The future leaders in this area will require mentorship. Tony has the experience and communication skills to help AOC meet that challenge of inspiring and

2012 focusing the future leaders of EW, ISR and Cyber to ensure we move the Association forward through the challenges of the next decade.

Stan L. VanderWerf

Colonel VanderWerf is a Distinguished Graduate of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces and holds Industrial Engineering, International Relations, and National Resource Strategy Degrees. He has been published on numerous EW, IO, and cyber topics and has worked with 30-plus countries in these areas from Europe to Asia and the Middle East. In 2010, he served in Iraq as Chief, Aviation Security Assistance, responsible for $6 billion in Foreign Military Sales (FMS). Colonel VanderWerf is a native of Glen Rock, NJ, and is an avid mountain climber, skier, and private pilot with instrument and commercial ratings. With downsizing military budgets, Stan would serve and lead the AOC in helping the US and its Allies not only to retain, but expand EW, IO, and Cyber missions. Key technologies and processes can be better leveraged to control costs while still maintaining or improving capability. Stan believes deeply in this purpose and wishes to serve the AOC in pursing/enhancing its initiatives to help the EW and Cyber communities collaborate better both within and across their missions. Stan supports and endorses the establishment of Crow Certified Warrior levels to recognize team member experience and training. He supports all reasonable efforts to make the job of running local Crow chapters easier, will listen to all suggestions, and implement the best, to improve AOC chapter membership. He supports the AOC’s Communities of Interest initiative, emphasizing the EMS as a domain, enhancing published products, improving communication to members and lawmakers, expanding membership, and strengthening conferences. Stan supports the strengthening of our industrial partners and will support initiatives for their growth including non-traditional environments like commercial, UAS, space, state/local venues. We are a strong Association! As President, Stan believes he can help the AOC become an even better organization.

Candidates for At-Large Director (vote for three) LtCol Todd M. Caruso LtCol Todd M. Caruso joined the United States Marine Corps in 1989 upon graduating from Northeastern University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering. He completed follow-on aviation training as an Electronic Countermeasures Officer (ECMO) in the EA-6B Prowler and was assigned to Marine Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron Two (VMAQ2). He deployed in support of Operations DECISIVE ENDEAVOR, NOBEL ANVIL and ALLIED FORCE. LtCol Caruso graduated from Naval Postgraduate School with a Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering and was then assigned to Naval Air Depot, Cherry Point, NC, and served as the Logistics, Research and Engineering Coordinator. He was transferred to VMAQ-4 and deployed in support of Operation IRAQI FREEDOM and to Iwakuni, Japan. In 2008, LtCol Caruso reported to the Pentagon for duties as Electronic Warfare Coordinator, Aviation Weapons Branch, HQMC Aviation. He assumed command of VMAQ-2 in 2009 and deployed to Bagram, Afghanistan in support of Operation ENDURING FREEDOM. In 2011, he was selected to serve as President of the Charlie Yankee Roost, as he and other EW experts established the new chapter. The Charlie Yankee Roost has grown to over 150 members combining MAGTF EW and Army EW. The CY Roost has skillfully addressed the on-going need for EW and

IO systems and capabilities in support of national security. LtCol Caruso’s personal awards include the Bronze Star, Meritorious Service Medal, Air Medal (15th Award with combat strike), Navy Commendation Medal, and the Navy Achievement Medal.

Cliff Moody Mr. Moody, a retired USAF Chief Master Sergeant, has over 39 years of information operations experience in industry and government. He served in several DOD and International Association leadership positions providing operational and technical guidance for technology development, operational demonstrations, and systems acquisitions. Cliff has over 20 years’ experience leading developmental and operational test and evaluation (D/OT&E) teams on (EW) and Information Warfare (IW) systems. He served on several government and industrial association senior advisory panels as an EW and IW representative for Aircraft Survivability; EW Roadmap Development; Joint SEAD Mission Needs; and Intelligence, Reconnaissance and Surveillance (ISR) Analysis Studies. Cliff has an extensive background in all facets of EW and SIGINT. He is currently the Executive Director, MRSL Real-Time Systems Laboratory, Inc., Sarasota, FL.

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Stan VanderWerf is President of Advanced Capitol LLC, a consulting company focused on EW, Cyber, Defense/Aerospace and Economic Development. Colonel VanderWerf completed his military career in 2011 as Chief, EW/Avionics Division at Robins AFB, GA, where he ran a 380-person organization responsible for development, procurement, and sustainment of 450-plus EW/avionics products worldwide. Additionally he was the Air Force’s EW equipment classification authority and ran one of the Air Force’s EW reprogramming centers. Colonel VanderWerf held the co-chair for the Air Force’s Technical Advisory Group (TAG), a team of O-6 representatives from every USAF major command. With his leadership, the TAG recommended Air Forcewide EW doctrine, training, testing, system development and facilities improvements. Colonel VanderWerf assisted extensively in developing the CSAF’s new USAF EW Vision 2030. Stan served in a broad variety of assignments including the National Air and Space Intelligence Center (surface-to-air missile systems analyst, allsource field collector) and three combatant commands (SOCOM, CENTCOM, NORTHCOM). He has held numerous duties leading tri-service aviation, tactical vehicle, small arms ammunition, and Air Force Satellite Control Network programs. He is a former DCMA Commander, graduate of Airborne School, certified acquisition professional and acquisition corps member.

Election Guide

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2012

Election Guide Duane A. Goehring

Mr. Duane Goehring has been an active member of the AOC since 1988. He is an Adjunct Research Staff Member at the Institute for Defense Analyses, supporting OSD/Director, Operational Test and Evaluation in his area of expertise, electronic warfare. Duane served for 25 years in the USAF as an EW officer retiring in 2006 as a Lieutenant Colonel. His experience in conventional, nuclear, and special operations includes over 2500 hours in the F-111A/E, EF-111A, and MC-130H with a combat tour during Operation Desert Storm. He served on the Air Staff in the Test and Evaluation Directorate, Policy and Programs Division; as Joint Special Operations Air Component Commander in Kuwait; as Chief of Operations in Qatar at CENTCOM’s Joint Intelligence Operations Center; and as an AFOTEC, EW Test Director among other duties. In January 2010, Duane was elected President of the Eglin chapter of the AOC. He came on board to reinvigorate and grow a waning chapter. The chapter was revamped and renamed the Emerald Coast Chapter to encompass all EW/IO missions across two US Congressional districts in the Florida Panhandle. He worked with members to expand the number of board positions, establish monthly meetings, market the chapter with a new website, and bring in key leadership to move the chapter forward. This summer the Emerald Coast Chapter is looking forward to hosting its first AOC conference in over 10 years! Duane is a passionate supporter of EW, profoundly committed to furthering his chosen profession.

Paul Westcott

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Mr. Paul Westcott has over 43 years in the electronic warfare community. He has been on the National AOC Board of Directors for more than twenty-five years. Paul is anxious to re-engage in National AOC EW & IO advocacy and furthering the goals of our association. He is currently the Director of Engineering - Dayton Operation for Mercer Engineering Research Center. He was a senior member of the technical staff for SAIC from 2003-2007. Prior to his retirement from the US Air Force Research Laboratory with 36 years of service, his last position was the Division Chief of the Sensor Applications and Demonstrations Division in the Sensors Directorate (AFRL/SNZ). Paul is a life member of the AOC and recipient of the National AOC Lifetime Achievement Award (1999), Silver Medal (1997), Distinguished Service Award (2003) and AOC Technology Hall of Fame. Mr. Westcott is a frequent speaker and master of ceremonies for many local, regional and national defense electronics events. He holds a Bachelors Degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Detroit (Michigan) and a Masters Degrees in Engineering Management and Business Administration from the University of Dayton (Ohio).

Vickie (Burkett) Greenier Ms. Vickie (Burkett) Greenier has 20-plus years experience as an Air Force civilian engineer and acquisition program manager at Eglin AFB, with many of her assignments related to electronic defense. She started her career as a Test Engineer for EW and electro-optical/millimeter wave programs. From there she led a Command and Control Strategic Plans office, charged with developing and institutionalizing USAF C2 test and evaluation processes and infrastructure. Vickie also served as Deputy Director for the Lethal Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses acquisition

squadron. She is currently assigned as the Deputy Program Manager for an OSD program developing the next-generation instrumentation system for Army, Navy and USAF test ranges. Vickie’s commitment to the AOC is evident through her personal involvement at both the national and chapter levels. She served the Eglin Chapter as President, Vice President, Treasurer and Co-chair of the Eglin Symposium. During her two terms as a National Director, Vickie served as National Secretary and Awards Chairman, participated on the History Committee, and rewrote three national Policy and Procedures Memoranda. Following her tenure on the Board, she supported other efforts at the National level, such as the Strategic Planning Summit and the Nominations and Elections Committee. Vickie has also participated in countless regional and National AOC symposia, AOC-sponsored conferences and training courses and Capitol Hill Roundups. As a Director, Vickie will provide dedicated support for the AOC’s efforts, to include increased awareness, membership, and technical programs.

Vincent J. Battaglia Vince is a 40-year AOC Life Member, past national Regional Director, current President Greater Los Angeles Club, recipient of the Management Medal, Life Achievement Award and a member of the Technology Hall of Fame. Returning as a At Large Director, he will ensure that the AOC priorities emphasize: active support of our members, increased coordination within the network of worldwide chapters, continued growth through increased services, relevance and value, for membership growth. His sensitivity to the strategic needs and issues facing small and large chapters will help National Headquarters focus on collaborative member needs. As an Advanced Technology Programs leader, Vince plays a key corporate role in the development and deployment of operationally effective active and passive systems. He has led a number of AOC functions including: Regional Director, Education/Technical Committee lead, Special Studies lead, Conventions & Conference speaker, and Awards/ Membership Committee member. Combining his relationships within the industrial/military community and a willingness to listen and take action, he will help get our message delivered which is essential during these times of shifting priorities.

David Walman David Walman is the Vice President, Treasurer, and a founding member of the Palmetto Roost Chapter of the AOC. Voted by his fellow chapter BOD members as the 2011 Palmetto Roost “Crow of the Year,” he has led his chapter to “Chapter of the Year” every year since its inception, and has been vital in the orchestration of three National-level classified conferences: IO & Cyber Capabilities in 21st Century Warfare; Converging Cyber, IO & EW; and EW, IO & Cyber Capabilities for Air, Sea Battlespace Operations. David joined the Old Crows as a Principal Software Engineer for the Electronic Systems Sector of Northrop Grumman Corporation, where he supported F-35 “Lightning II” Electronic Warfare and Countermeasure programs. The EW/CM programs included Operational Flight Programs and simulation models for the radar multi-function-array-based monopulse direction finding CSCI, short baseline interferometer direction-finding algorithm, and long baseline interferometer emitter geolocation algorithms for both moving and stationary emitters. Currently, he is a Senior Systems Engineer with the Department of the Navy/Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR) supporting U.S. Army Space & Missile

2012 Defense Command/Army Forces Strategic Command (USASMDC/ARSTRAT) and SPAWAR Cyber Initiatives. David holds three master’s degrees in Computer Engineering, Software Engineering and Business, completed his doctoral coursework in Software Engineering, and is a graduate of Northrop Grumman’s Radar Systems Engineering course. He resides in Charleston, SC, with his wife Ericka, daughter Samara and son Jake.

Jesse “Judge” Bourque Jr.

him by the most senior members of the Association’s leadership. Jesse is now employed with URS Corporation as Director of EMS Strategies. He works closely with the US Marine Corps and supports their EW planning.

Tom “TCL” Curby-Lucier Tom Curby-Lucier is a Lead Associate with Booz Allen Hamilton and has 25 years of Air Force, Joint, and Industry experience in the fields of EW, IO, network warfare, and cyber. In his current role in industry, he has led a renewed interest within his company to focus on electromagnetic spectrum operations, and he has had the opportunity to be an active participant in the National AOC Community of Interest for Industry. Tom was awarded the Defensive IO Award for 2010 by the AOC for his contributions to the Joint IO Range that included event planning and coordination involving EW, IO, and Cyber, supporting various stakeholders. As the EW Subject Matter Expert for the Joint IO Range, he serves as a Support Element to the Joint EW Center in San Antonio and has held that role for nearly five years. Tom believes in retaining the legacy of the AOC while, at the same time, looking forward for the future of the AOC organization. There are three key things that he will champion and support: 1) a clear and concise organizational strategy, including a vision and mission for moving forward in the 21st century; 2) an aggressive outreach to younger members, which would include a mentoring program; and 3) partnerships with similar associations and professional organizations to ensure we help educate the broader Cyber, Space, and IO communities on the importance of EMS Operations. Tom would be honored to receive your support as we look to the future of the AOC.

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Candidates for Central Region Director (vote for one) Jimmy R. Hearn Mr. Jim Hearn has worked in EW, Intelligence, Information and Psychological Operations, and Combat Systems for 33 years. He has considerable training in advanced electronics theory, systems maintenance, and tactical operations, and both a BS and MS in Management. For 18 years, he has worked as a support contractor with Tracor, EG&G, URS and Tri Star Engineering for Airborne and Maritime Electronic Warfare, Platform and Launch Systems, and Radar Systems at NSWC Crane Division. Jim is an enlisted veteran of the US Navy and served aboard USS BADGER (FF-1071) and with Fleet Tactical Deception Group Two. He deployed with a Psychological Operations Group to the island nation of Grenada on the first day of Operation URGENT FURY. At Naval Technical Training Center, Corry Station, Jim was a Senior Instructor, Master Training Specialist, and Subject Matter Expert for electronics theory, and systems maintenance and operation for the AN/SLQ-32(V)3, AN/ULQ-6, AN/WLR-1, AN/UYK-20 and AN/SLQ-34. He served aboard the USS PHILIPPINE SEA (CG-58) as Signals Warfare Division Leading Chief and is a veteran of both Operations DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM. Jim first became involved with the AOC in 1984 at Little Creek, VA, and has been involved in Crane Roost activities since 1994. He is a

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Jesse Bourque served twenty years in the United States Air Force, retiring as Lieutenant Colonel in June 2010. As a career Electronic Warfare Officer, he flew the AC-130H Spectre Gunship and MC-130H Combat Talon II for nearly 3000 total hours over 15 years of continuous combat-ready aviation service, in near constant contact with members of the military services of numerous US Allied and Partner nations. His combat / operational deployments and combat support operations include operations UPHOLD DEMOCRACY, DENY FLIGHT, ALLIED FORCE, NOBLE ANVIL, PROVIDE HOPE, JOINT ENDEAVOR, ENDURING FREEDOM, and other unnamed operations. After his aviation service, Jesse was posted to the Air Force IO Center, from which he was promptly deployed to OIF to serve as the Director of the MNC-I EW Cell. Upon his return from Iraq, he was requested by name to help build US Strategic Command’s newly-re-instated Joint EW Center, as its Operations Officer. During this posting, he was part of a JEWC team responsible for elevating the flagging condition of Joint EW to the attention of officers and civilians at the highest levels of the DOD. From 2008 until 2011, Jesse served on the AOC’s Board of Directors and was appointed as the Association’s Secretary on the selectively-manned Executive Committee, indicating the exceptional faith and trust placed in

Election Guide

proponent of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) programs that promote EW and has demonstrated his commitment to raising awareness of EW capabilities and resources in the Central Region by helping establish the NSWC Crane/AOC EW Capabilities Gaps and Enabling Technologies Conference.

Stephen Tourangeau Lt Col Steve “Tango” Tourangeau, USAF (Ret), is currently the Director of EW Programs for the Advanced Technology Group, MacAulay-Brown, Inc. (MacB), in Dayton, OH. His responsibilities include: coordination of EW activities throughout the company; providing subject matter expertise on EMS operations, policies and technology trends; and providing the “Single Face to the Customer” for EW support to the DoD. Tango retired in 2004, after a successful 20-year Air Force career. During his career, Tango logged more than 1,500 hours as a F-4D/E Weapons Systems Officer/EWO and as Instructor and Evaluator C-141 Special Operations Low Level (SOLL) II Navigator/EWO. He also has time as a Flight Test Navigator / EWO leading the testing and fielding of IRCM and special operations unique systems on transport aircraft. With experience

2012

Election Guide

working within the CAF, MAF, and SOF communities he has a unique perspective on the entirety of AF capabilities to support the warfighter. Tango holds a both a BS and a Masters in Management. He has been an AOC member since 1986 and a member of the Kittyhawk chapter since 2004, receiving numerous awards including the Chapter’s Program Manager of the Year in 2010. He is also a past president of the Miami Valley chapter of the International Test and Evaluation Association (ITEA). As the AOC Central Region Director, Tango hopes to improve communication, cooperation and collaboration between the chapters in the region as well as with the national AOC board.

Steven James Mervyn

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Mr. Mervyn joined the Navy directly out of high school and attended EW “A” and “C” schools in Pensacola, FL, in the fall of 1982 through 1983. From school he transferred to his first ship, the USS Connole (FF-1056), where he applied his training to support the ship’s mission of EW and Anti-Ship Cruise Missile defense. Mervyn’s next assignment was the Combat Systems Engineering Development Site (CSEDS) in Moorestown, NJ, where he provided EW expertise in the development of the next-generation AEGIS Weapons Systems. From CSEDS, as a newly promoted EW Chief Petty Officer, Mervyn was assigned as the leading EW aboard the USS VELLA GULF CG 72. His next tour was as staff EWO at COMDESRON TWO and then at CNSL as Force EWO responsible for man, train and equip of all east coast ships (except CVNs). His final tour was Fleet EWO at C2F where he coordinated the first all Fleet EW /IO OPTASK, and worked to test the JFAAC Afloat concept, particularly TST Cell Afloat with EW/ELINT targeting. Retiring as an EW Master Chief, Steve transitioned to the civilian sector and took a position at NSWC Crane, where he was the Field Services branch manager charged with maintaining Fleet EW systems

with the newest upgrades. He has also served the Army Staff to assist in establishing their new EW Division, particularly in the areas of course and manpower development and equipping issues. He is now supporting the Fleet EW Center, responsible for future EW requirements/equipment and experimentation.

Joseph Koesters Joe Koesters has been an engineer and manager for Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate for more than 25 years (21 in EW). Throughout his government career, he has served various assignments as engineer, program manager, technical advisor, and branch chief. A crow since late 1986, he is currently the technical advisor for the EW Techniques Development and Analysis Branch. In previous assignments, Joe has also led infrared expendable and infrared countermeasure programs. In addition to leading Air Force teams, Mr. Koesters has also led tri-service and international teams. He communicated tri-service EO/IR countermeasure program plans to DDR&E as part of Project Reliance and chaired a 15 person five eyes international collaboration in EO/IR Warning and Countermeasures for 12 years. Joe has been active in the Kittyhawk Chapter since 1998. He has served 13 years on the Board, including three years as vice president and four years as president. Joe has also chaired sessions for the Kittyhawk Week technical symposium organized by the Kittyhawk AOC. His many recognitions for contributions to EW include National AOC awards in 2002 (EO/IR) and 2010 (Life Achievement). With his experience working with the Kittyhawk Chapter, Joe is now seeking to apply those same skills as the Central Region Director. There are two challenges he would like to address as a Director: affordable education to equip our members with the skills that will help them progress; and collaboration in an increasingly constrained cyber environment.

Candidates for Mid-Atlantic Region Director (vote for one) Bill Tanner Bill is the Director for Army Programs and Requirements for BAE SYSTEMS at the Pentagon in Arlington, VA. In this position, he works closely with the company’s lines of business to provide expertise regarding customer emerging requirements, technology development, and competitive responses to critical Army requirements. His subject matter expertise includes: Army Aviation, Electronic Warfare, Information Operations and Space Operations, and Infantry and Special operating forces. Previous to this assignment, he served as a Senior Analyst at the Army G-3/5/7 HQDA, Electronic Warfare Division at the Pentagon in Arlington, VA. Prior to joining BAE Systems, Bill served 25 years in the US Army in a variety of command and staff positions that included tours with the 1st Armored Division, 101st Airborne Division, 2nd Infantry Division (Korea), 9th Infantry Division, 82nd Airborne Division, 7th Special Forces Group, 17th Aviation Brigade (Korea), and Apache Training Brigade ATB, (Fort Hood, TX ). Bill received a bachelor’s degree from Norwich University, and a master’s from Troy University. Military schools from which he graduated include: Basic Infantry Course, Airborne, Ranger, Infantry Advanced Course,

Army Rotary Wing Course, Special Forces Qualification Course, Space Fundamentals Course, and the Army Command and General Staff College. As the AOC Conference Development Coordinator, Bill was instrumental in bringing the Army Electronic Warfare and IO Community into AOC. Bill is currently the Mid-Atlantic Regional Director, chairs the Communications committee and also serves on the awards committee for the AOC Board of Directors.

Clayton Ogden Clay graduated from The Citadel in 1987 and was later commissioned in the Marine Corps. He attended flight school, electronic warfare training and was assigned to VMAQ-2, a Marine EA-6B squadron. He completed operational training, including the Weapons and Tactics Instructors course, and remained in the Fleet Marine Forces for 5 years. He deployed with VMAQ-2 to the Balkans three times, including Operation Allied Force. Clay was later assigned as an ROTC instructor at The Citadel, where he completed an MBA. He left military service in 2002 and was employed by The Home Depot in various capacities. In 2006, he went to work for the Army G-3 EW office, where he has helped shape the Army

2012 and Joint EW visions via myriad requirements processes. He championed the Army’s role in addressing the AEA capability gap and was instrumental in fielding the Army’s first such capability, CEASAR, in 2011.

Douglas Lamb

Steven “Muddy” Watters Steven has 30 years of experience in government and industry in the defense and counter terrorism communities as a recognized expert in EW, Spectrum and Information Operations. This experience encompasses service as a Vice President, EW Division for MAV6; Director of the Joint IED Defeat Organization (JIEDDO) Technical Analysis Group; Lead Analyst for OSD, AT&L and C3I studies; Senior Technical Advisor to DARPA; and Squadron Commander in the United States Marine Corps. Mr. Watters holds a master’s in National Security and Strategic Studies from the Naval War College in Newport, RI, and a bachelor’s in Business Administration from Western State College in Gunnison, CO. He has completed numerous courses involving information operations, EW and deception. He is a hands-on, customer-focused leader consistently achieving significant and sustainable results in demanding and deadline driven environments with particular expertise in organizational leadership; growth strategy organization transition and change; all aspects of EW counter IED technology and tactics; signals intelligence; modeling and simulation; studies and analysis; strategic planning; and requirements development His awards and accomplishments include: Nine Air Medals, three for valor in combat, in support of operations in Iraq and Bosnia; Lead briefer for Marine Corps Suppression of Enemy Air Defense Lessons Learned for Bosnia; US lead for NATO Suppression of Enemy Air Defense training and coordination; Honor graduate of the Naval War College (top 5%); Instructor of the Year – Instructor Hall of Fame Landing Forces Training Command Pacific; Honor graduate and Outstanding Student, 453 Electronic Warfare Course, Mather Air Force Base, CA.

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Candidates for Pacific Region Director (vote for one) Joe Hulsey Joe has worked in EW and IO most of his adult life. He is a vocal advocate that believes future warfare will be fought and won in the EMS. He also believes that as EW professionals, it is incumbent on us to help the US and our allies understand the capabilities, procure effective systems and employ them in a way that ensures dominance over our enemies. He believes the AOC has an obligation to do that, and a strong Board of Directors can help make that happen; we can and we must. Further, Joe believes the AOC can bolster its value by encouraging and facilitating cross-service and multinational cooperation in EW & IO procurement and employment. Last, Joe believes in education, not just advocacy. We must educate potential lay advocates to achieve our imperatives. In the past we in EW have convinced ourselves that EW & IO are just too complicated to teach in a just a few minutes. We can and must demystify EW if we are to achieve our goals.

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Douglas “Chopper” Lamb, a 28-year Air Force veteran with 14 years in industry, has 35 years of EW/IO experience, including combat, testing, systems design, development and acquisition. Chopper’s experience includes development and operational F-15 EW flight-testing with the 422nd Fighter Weapons Squadron and active involvement in Air Force EW program development and securing funding for new EW capabilities. Doug managed range programs critical to EW testing and training. In the Defense Intelligence Agency, he led the group developing Integrated Air Defense System (IADS) studies and validating threat documents required to acquire and test EW systems. Chopper managed DOD’s Foreign Materiel Acquisition/Exploitation activities that directly contributed to EW systems improvements. In industry, he remains involved in EW/IO systems development and testing. Chopper, an active member of the Capitol Chapter, holding numerous positions including President, has led the Chapter to Outstanding Large Chapter Award wins for three years. Chopper, currently the Chapter’s Vice President, has chaired the last three annual AOC Capitol Club/NRL Government and Industry Technical EW Symposiums. Chopper seeks to represent the six AOC Chapters in the MidAtlantic Region. His goals include increasing our Professional Association’s advocacy for needed war fighters’ EW/IO capabilities, increasing AOC’s operations transparency to our members, and implementing activities to stimulate Chapters and Members to become more involved in EW/IO advocacy. His thrust is to increase chapter membership and participation by offering ideas, services and activities to stimulate and increase chapter and membership relevancy to achieve our Association’s goals.

Election Guide

Edward L. Fisher Mr. Edward Fisher has years of experience applying his EW knowledge within the military. He retired in 2005 as a USAF O-5 and has seven years of experience teaching and conducting research at the Naval Postgraduate School. During these years, he has sought to maintain a level of EW and IO expertise that would equip him to deal with the needs of the service(s) and prepare him to understand technology as it transitions (or in some cases doesn’t). Mr. Fisher’s approach to EW and IO tends to have an operational perspective, a natural consequence of his education and experience in the field. He stays focused on the people who will use or encounter the technologies of concern, and has developed models to explain EW and IO to them in ways that make sense to the average person. In addition, he is known for being well organized and prepared, whatever the task or mission that faces him. He will apply this trait to his work for the AOC, ensuring that the relationship between the national organization and the chapters is a productive and rewarding one for all.

2012

Election Guide

Campaign Rules Campaigning or electioneering on behalf of any candidate for AOC National office, with or without their knowledge or consent, is prohibited.

2012 On-Line Voting Instructions Beginning July 1, you can visit the AOC homepage, www.crows.org, where you will see election information and a link to electionsonline.us, the independent vendor that will conduct the on-line election. Once into the electionsonline.us website, type in your AOC member number and password. The website will direct you to your ballot, where you can make your selections. If you have not registered on the AOC website, you need to use your membership number and “crows” as the password. Your membership number can be found on the mailing label of your copy of JED, your membership card or you may call AOC headquarters for assistance.

Your dues must be current as of May 15 to vote. If your membership has lapsed, you may call the AOC to have your access to the election activated once your dues are paid. As with past AOC elections, your ballot is secret. No one at the AOC (members, directors or headquarters staff) will be able to access completed ballots during or after the elections. Electionsonline.us will hold all completed ballots, tabulate them and send the results to the AOC when the election is complete. Once you have cast your on-line vote, electionsonline.us will send you an e-mail confirming that they have received your completed ballot. Providing your e-mail address is not essential for voting, but it is necessary in order to receive e-mail confirmation that your vote was processed.

PAPER BALLOTS For those AOC members who do not want to vote on-line, the AOC will provide paper ballots and election guides upon request. Members who prefer to vote via paper ballot may request to do so by submitting a Ballot Request Form no later than June 25, 2012. The AOC will then send out paper ballots to those members July 1. As the election authenticator, electionsonline.us will open your ballot and enter your votes into the computer. To avoid any chance of a member being able to vote more than one time, you may not vote on-line after you have requested and have been sent a paper ballot. a

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

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association news VIKING ROOST HONORS CROW OF THE YEAR

Left: Sten Sjöqvist, Vice President, Viking Roost. Right: Ulf Kylén, The Crow of the Year. Photo: Magnus Tiger

DIXIE CROWS SPONSOR COUNTER-INTELLIGENCE MEETING The Dixie Crow Chapter along with the assistance of MERC and GTRI were proud to sponsor the April 19 Special Meeting to discuss and view a Counter Intelligence special briefing presented by Special Agent Robert Gibbs of the FBI. Special Agent Robby Gibbs has been an FBI agent for the past nine years; working in Washington, DC, for the first eight years before moving back to his hometown of Macon, GA in July 2011. He has worked primarily on counterintelligence (CI) matters and is now responsible for all CI issues occurring in 30 counties in and around middle Georgia. More than 50 attendees gathered in the MERC Auditorium to enjoy the topic of presentation “Betrayed… The Insider Threat” along with popcorn courtesy of GTRI. Betrayed is a “compelling, thought provoking drama” produced by the FBI’s Counterespionage Section to highlight the severity of the Insider Threat, indicators of espionage, and the personal, economic, and intelligence toll exacted by the betrayal of a trusted colleague. • Espionage indicators from the video: • Disgruntled to the point of wanting to retaliate against the government • Divided loyalty to a country other than the United States • Working odd hours without authorization • Removing classified information without authorization • Seeking and/or obtaining classified information without a need-to-know • Bringing unauthorized recording devices (thumb drives, cameras, cell phones) into work areas • Unnecessary photocopying of classified materials • Unreported foreign travel • Unreported foreign contacts • Unexplained affluence • Bragging about what they know (possibly to others outside their agency).

The AOC Education Department just wrapped up a fantastic session of “Essentials of EW” in Adelaide, Australia! Lynn Berg brought the course material to life in an engaging and relevant way for those in attendance. Here’s what some of the attendees had to say: • “…the course was well presented and provided a good level of insight into operational EW.” • “…a great course. The presenter was quite good in delivering broader concepts in an attractive manner.” • “The presenter was fantastic. He has vast experience and knowledge for this field of expertise.” • “Highly recommended. Enjoyed the examples presented during the course.” • “[I] Should have done this course 2 years ago!” • “Very informative. It expanded on my current knowledge while providing an extremely interesting insight into the US perspective. The instructor built on the information being delivered with accounts of his own experiences which were both very interesting and provided a relevant context. I would definitely recommend this course to members at my unit. Thank you.” It seems that the few criticisms focused on the discomfort of the chairs the attendees were sitting in! The concerns are noted, and the AOC is in contact with several recliner manufacturers regarding the next course. All jesting aside, this is another great example of how the AOC is proudly bringing EW education to the global practitioners. Visit www.crows.org today to see all of the upcoming educational opportunities presented by the AOC! a

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

The Viking Roost, the Swedish AOC Chapter, annually awards The Crow of the Year for outstanding achievements in the EW area. This year the award was presented to Maj Ulf Kylén of the Swedish Defence Forces Electronic Warfare Battalion.

AOC EDUCATION IN AUSTRALIA

63

AOC Industry and Institute/University Members SUSTAINING Agilent Technologies Applied Research Associates Inc. Argon ST BAE SYSTEMS The Boeing Company Chemring Group Plc DRS Defense Solutions Electronic Warfare Associates, Inc. Elettronica, SpA General Dynamics ITT Exelis Northrop Grumman Corporation Raytheon Company Rockwell Collins Saab TASC Thales Communications Thales Aerospace Division

INSTITUTE/UNIVERSITY Georgia Tech Research Institute Mercer Engineering Research Center MIT Lincoln Laboratory National EW Research and Simulation Center

GROUP

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

64

453 EWS/EDW Research AAI Corporation Active Spectrum Inc. Advanced Concepts Advanced Testing Technologies Aeronix Aethercomm, Inc. Air Scan Inc. Akon, Inc. Alion Science and Technology Alpha Design Technologies Pvt. Ltd. American Systems AMPEX Data Systems Amplifier Technology Limited Anaren Microwave, Inc. Anatech Electronics Annapolis Micro Systems, Inc. Anritsu Applied Geo Technologies Applied Signal Technology ARIEL Group, Inc. ARINC, Inc. Aselsan A.S. ATDI ATK Missile Systems Company Atkinson Aeronautics & Technology, Inc. Avalon Electronics, Inc. Azure Summit Technologies, Inc. B&Z Technologies, LLC Battlespace Simulations, Inc. Bharat Electronics Ltd. Blackhawk Management Corporation Blue Ridge Envisioneering, Inc.

Booz & Allen Hamilton CACI International CAE CAP Wireless, Inc. Ceralta Technologies Inc. Clausewitz Technology ClearanceJobs.com Cobham DES M/A-Com Colorado Engineering Inc. Communications Audit UK Ltd. Comtech PST Concord Components Inc. CPI Crane Aerospace & Electronics Group CSIR CSP Associates Cubic Defense Curtiss-Wright Controls Embedded Computing CyberVillage Networkers Inc. DARE Electronics Inc. Dayton-Granger, Inc. dB Control Defence R&D Canada Defense Research Associates Inc. Delta Microwave DHPC Technologies, Inc. Dynetics, Inc. EADS Deutschland GmbH, Defense Electronics EADS North America Electro-Metrics Elisra Electronic Systems, Ltd ELTA Systems Ltd EM Research Inc. Empower RF Systems EMS Technologies Inc. Eonic B.V. ESL Defence Limited ESROE Limited Esterline Defense Group ET Industries ETM Electromatic Inc. e2v Aerospace and Defense, Inc. EW Simulation Technology Ltd EWA-Australia Pty Ltd. FEI-Elcom Tech GBL Systems Gigatronics Inc. Hittite Microwave Honeywell International Huber + Suhner Hutchins & Associates, Inc. Impact Science & Technology Innovationszentrum Fur Telekommunikation -stechnik GmbH (IZT) Integrated Microwave Technologies, LLC ITCN, Inc. iVeia, LLC Jabil Circuit JB Management, Inc.

JP Morgan Chase JT3, LLC Keragis Corporation KRYTAR, Inc. KMIC Technology KOR Electronics, Inc. L-3 Communications L-3 Communications-Applied Signal & Image Technology L-3 Communications Cincinnati Electronics L-3 Communications/ Randtron Antenna Systems LNX Corporation Lockheed Martin Lockheed Martin Aculight Corporation Logos Microwave Longmont Machining Lorch Microwave LS telcom AG MacAulay-Brown MANTECH Security Technologies Mass Consultants MC Countermeasures, Inc. MegaPhase Mercury Computer Systems Micro-Coax, Inc. Microsemi Corporation Micro Systems MiKES Microwave Electronic Systems Inc. Miles Industrial Electronics Ltd. Milso AB MITEQ, Inc. The MITRE Corporation MRSL Multiconsult Srl My-konsult New World Solutions, Inc. Nova Defence Nurad Technologies, Inc Ophir RF Inc. Optocon USA, Division of Impulse Orion International Technologies Overlook Systems Technology Overwatch Systems Ltd. Parker Aerospace (SprayCool) Peralex Phoenix International Systems, Inc. Plath, GmbH Protium Technologies, Inc. QUALCOMM Queued Solutions, L.L.C. Rafael-Electronic Systems Div. Research Associates of Syracuse, Inc. RF Simulation Systems Inc. Rheinmetall Air Defence AG Rising Edge Technologies Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG RUAG Holding Science Applications International Corporation Scientific Research Corporation

SELEX Galileo Inc. The Shephard Group Siemens IT Solutions and Services Sierra Nevada Corporation Sivers IMA AB Soneticom, Inc. SOS International SOURIAU PA&E Southern Marketing Associates, Inc. SpecPro-Inc. Spectranetix, Inc. Spectrum Signal Processing by Vecima SRC, Inc. SRCTec, Inc. SRI International Strategic Influence Alternatives, Inc. Subsidium Sunshine Aero Industries SURVICE Engineering Co. Symetrics Industries, LLC Sypris Data Systems Systematic Software Engineering Systems & Processes Engineering Corp. SystemWare Inc. Tactical Technologies Inc. Tadiran Electronic Systems Ltd. TASC TCI International Tech Resources, Inc. Technical Information Products & Services LLC (TIPS) Technology Management Consultants TECOM Industries TEK Microsystems, Inc. Tektronix, Inc. Tektronix Component Solutions Teledyne Technologies Teleplan AS Teligy TERASYS Technologies, LLC TERMA A/S Thales Components Corp. Thales Homeland Security Times Microwave Systems TINEX AS TMD Technologies TRAK Microwave TriaSys Technologies Corp. Tri Star Engineering TRU Corporation Ultra Electronics Avalon Systems Ultra Electronics Telemus Vigilance VMR Electronics LLC Wavepoint Research, Inc. Werlatone Inc. Wideband Systems, Inc. X-Com Systems ZETA Associates Zodiac Data Systems

Index

of adver tisers

AAI Corporation ................................................ www.aaicorp.com .......................................................... 9 Aethercomm ...................................................... www.aethercomm.com ..................................................37 JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense (ISSN 0192-429X), is published monthly by Naylor, LLC, for the Association of Old Crows, 1000 N. Payne St., Ste. 200, Alexandria, VA 22314-1652.

Agilent Technologies Inc. ................................ www.agilent.com ..........................................................46 Anaren Microwave Inc. .................................... www.anaren.com ..........................................................16 ASELSAN Inc. .................................................... www.aselsan.com .........................................................52

Periodicals postage paid at Alexandria, VA, and additional mailing offices. Subscriptions: JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense, is sent to AOC members and subscribers only. Subscription rates for paid subscribers are $160 per year in the US, $240 per year elsewhere; single copies and back issues (if available) $12 each in the US; $25 elsewhere.

BAE Systems...................................................... www.baesystems.com .....................inside front cover, 66

POSTMASTER: Send address changes to JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense, c/o Association of Old Crows, 1000 N. Payne St., Ste. 300, Alexandria, VA 22314-1652.

Elcom Technologies .......................................... www.elcom-tech.com ....................................................40

Comtech PST Corp. ........................................... www.comtechpst.com ...................................................20 Crane Aerospace & Electronics........................ www.craneae.com/mw6. ...............................................19 Dow Key Microwave Corporation .................... www.dowkey.com .........................................................22 DRS Defense Solutions ..................................... www.drs-ds.com ................................. outside back cover

Emhiser Research ............................................. www.emhiser.com.........................................................10 EW Simulation Technology Ltd ....................... www.ewst.co.uk ............................................................ 5 Grintek Ewation................................................ www.gew.co.za .............................................................18 Hawker Beechcraft Corporation ...................... www.hawkerbeechcraft.com .........................................24 ITT Exelis - Microwave Systems ..................... www.ittexcelis.com ......................................................21

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

Subscription Information: Glorianne O’Neilin (703) 549-1600 [email protected]

Chemring North America ................................ www.chemringnorthamerica.com..................................13

IW Microwave.................................................... www.iw-microwave.com ................................................25

JED Sales

Offices

Jackson Labs Technologies, Inc. ..................... www.jackson-labs.com ..................................................18 Keragis Corporation.......................................... www.keragis.com..........................................................39 KOR Electronics................................................. www.korelectronics.com ................................................ 3 Krytar, Inc......................................................... www.krytar.com ...........................................................38

Naylor, LLC – Florida 5950 NW 1st Place Gainesville, FL 32607 Toll Free (US): (800) 369-6220 Fax: +1 (352) 331-3525 Project Manager: Jason White Direct: +1 (770) 810-6970 [email protected] Advertising Sales Representatives: Shaun Greyling Direct: +1 (352) 333-3385 [email protected]

L-3 Narda Microwave East ............................... www.nardamicrowave.com............................................29 MECA Electronics, Inc. ..................................... www.e-meca.com ..........................................................17 MegaPhase ......................................................... www.megaphase.com ............................................... 8, 36 Mercury Computer Systems, Inc. .................... www.mc.com ................................................................62 Norden Millimeter, Inc. ................................... www.nordengroup.com .................................................43 Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems ........ www.northropgrumman.com ......................................... 7 OPHIR RF ........................................................... www.ophirrf.com ..........................................................42 Raytheon Company........................................... www.raytheon.com............................... inside back cover

Erik Henson Direct: +1 (352) 333-3443 [email protected]

Rohde & Schwarz .............................................. www.rohde-schwarz.com ..............................................11

Chris Zabel Direct: +1 (352) 333-3420 [email protected]

SRC, Inc. ............................................................ www.srcinc.com ...........................................................35

Naylor – Canada 80 Sutherland Ave. Winnipeg, MB Canada R2W 3C7 Toll Free (US): (800) 665-2456 Fax: +1 (204) 947-2047

Rohde & Schwarz Usa, Inc. ............................. www.rohde-schwarz.com/usa........................................23

TEK Microsystems, Inc. .................................... www.tekmicro.com .......................................................26 Tektronix Component Solutions...................... www.component-solutions.tek.com ...............................27 Teledyne Cougar................................................ www.teledynemicrowavesolutions.com..........................34 TRU Corporation ............................................... www.trucorporation.com ..............................................41 X-Com Systems.................................................. www.xcomsystems.com ................................................45

65

JED

quick look

Details

Page #

L-3 Communications Electron Devices, TWT contract.............................. 26

Aeroflex, spectrum analyzers ................................................................. 48

Lockheed Martin Advanced Technologies Lab, DARPA contract for Behavioral Learning for Adaptive EW program ........................... 24

ALQ-162, Danish F-16 ............................................................................. 30

Lockheed Martin, S-band AESA ............................................................. 38

ALQ-99 Tactical Jamming System .............................................. 15, 30, 33

MALD-J .................................................................................................. 45

Anritsu, spectrum analyzers .................................................................. 48

NATO E-3 AWACS .................................................................................... 30

AOC 2012 Election Guide........................................................................ 56

NATO, Joint Capability Group for ISR interoperability trial .............. 22, 24

AOC Australia education ........................................................................ 63

NATO, Trial MACE XXIII ......................................................................... 30

Australia, request for EA-18G modification kits ..................................... 30

Next Generation Jammer (NGJ) .............................................................. 33

B&K Precision, spectrum analyzers ........................................................ 50

Next-Generation Airborne Electronic Attack (NGAEA) ............................ 34

BAE Systems, contract modification for US Army Tactical SIGINT Payload ............................................... 26

Northrop Grumman, Next Gen Jammer .................................................. 34

BAE Systems, Next Gen Jammer ............................................................ 34 Boeing, EA-18G modification for Australia ............................................. 30 CAPT John Green, US Navy .................................................................... 33 Cassidian, Laser Optical Countermeasures and Surveillance against Threat Environment Scenarios (LOCATES) ............................ 30

Northrop Grumman, S-band AESA .......................................................... 38 Praemittias Systems, USMC contract for PSS-7 Wolfhound systems ........ 26 QinetiQ, UK MoD comms ES contract ..................................................... 30 Raytheon, Next Gen Jammer ................................................................. 34 Raytheon, S-band AESA ......................................................................... 38

Chemring Countermeasures, UK MoD decoy contract.............................. 30

Red Force Injection Jammer (RFIJ) ........................................................ 24

Cobham Sensor Systems, contract for ALQ-99 Low Band Transmitter Antenna group assemblies............................................. 24

Richard Wittstruck, NATO JCGISR .......................................................... 24

Cobham, ALQ-99 low-band transmitter................................................... 40 The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2012

Page #

Active electronically scanned array (AESA) technology ......................... 36

Agilent Technologies, spectrum analyzers .............................................. 48

66

Details

Col Giuseppe Sgamba, ReSTOGE .............................................................. 16 Col. Ivan Brandabura, Slovakian Air Force ........................................... 30

Roberto Scotto di Vettimo, Elettronica .................................................. 16 Rohde & Schwarz, spectrum analyzers ................................................... 50 Spectrum Analyzers ............................................................................... 47

Digital communication ........................................................................... 53

Spectrum Warfare, part 14..................................................................... 53

Dixie Crows, counter-intelligence talk .................................................... 63

Steve Roberts, Selex Galileo................................................................... 16

DOD Small Business Innovative Research solicitation ....................... 16, 19

Tektronix, spectrum analyzers ............................................................... 50

EA-18G Growler ...................................................................................... 33

UEC Electronics, contract for Team Portable Collection Systems ............ 26

EA-6B Prowler ........................................................................................ 33

US Army PEO STRI, RFP for Red Force Injection Jammer....................... 24

EW Advocacy ......................................................................................... 14

US Army, RFI to address interference between EW and comms systems ......................................................................... 20

EW Europe recap .................................................................................... 16 F/A-18F Super Hornet, conversion to EA-18G for Australia ..................... 30

US Army, RFP for iCREW........................................................................ 22

FY2012 defense authorization bill (House) ............................................. 28

US House, FY2013 defense authorization bill ......................................... 28

Gallium nitride (GaN) transmit/receive modules .................................... 38

US Navy, Low Band Pod RFI .................................................................. 15

Good Will Instrument Co., spectrum analyzers ...................................... 50

US Navy, support solicitation for Cyber Forces’ Fleet EW Center ............ 26

Individual Counter Radio Controlled Improvised Explosive Device EW System (iCREW) ............................................... 22

USM-670 Join Service Electronic Combat System Tester (JSECT), upcoming solicitation ....................................................................... 26

ITT Exelis, ALQ-211 contract for Omani F-16s ........................................ 24

USMC Intrepid Tiger II ........................................................................... 45

ITT Exelis, Next Gen Jammer ................................................................. 34

Viking Roost, Crow of the Year.............................................................. 63

With more than 50 years of electronic warfare experience, BAE SYSTEMS is pleased to sponsor the JED Quick Look.

NEXT GENERATION JAMMER

POWER

YOU CAN

COUNT ON. Raytheon’s Next Generation Jammer enables the EA-18G platform to seamlessly leverage advanced electronic warfare capabilities, even in the most challenging environments. By efficiently generating significant power, it provides a dependable way to deny, degrade and disrupt threats.

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© 2012 Raytheon Company. All rights reserved. “Customer Success Is Our Mission” is a registered trademark of Raytheon Company.

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