JANUARY 2013 Vol. 36, No. 1
ProgramXXX Profile:
Xxx fp CMYK premium position p. 1
SEWIP
Also in this issue: Technology Survey: EW/SIGINT Antennas
Game-Changing Capability Delivered.
ATK’s Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile (AARGM) provides the latest and most advanced weapon system for engaging and destroying enemy air defenses and time-critical targets. The Weapon is the Sensor. This is ATK.
[email protected]
www.atk.com
The Affordable Alternative to Live Flight Testing.
KOR Electronics — now Mercury Defense Systems — offers the largest installment of environment simulators in the industry. It’s how we provide our customers with best-of-breed EW, radar and ISR tactical and test solutions. We also provide the defense and intelligence communities with affordable, on-time digital RF solutions. In fact, our hardware solutions have logged thousands of operational hours on a wide array of unmanned platforms and other U.S. military aircraft.
Visit Mercury Defense Systems at mrcy.com.
Copyright © 2012 Mercury Systems, Inc.
Innovation That Matters™
January 2013 •
Volume 36, Issue 1
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
4
News The Monitor 15 ONR Seeks Advanced EW Technology “Discovery and Invention.” Washington Report 20 Congress Wants USMC EW Report. World Report 22 UK Modernizes SA-6 Radars for RAF Spadeadam.
Features Program Profile: SEWIP
24
John Haystead
To help counter the latest generation of antiship missiles, the US Navy has embarked on a comprehensive upgrade to its venerable SLQ-32 EW system, which is now headed toward its third major piece: electronic attack. Cover photo courtesy US Navy.
Technology Survey: EW/SIGINT Antennas
31
Ollie Holt
This month’s tech survey features electronic warfare (EW), signals intelligence (SIGINT) and direction finding (DF) antennas from more than 30 companies.
Departments 6
The View From Here
8
Conferences Calendar
10
Courses Calendar
12
From the President
40
EW 101
43
AOC News
45
Index of Advertisers
46
JED Quick Look
For EW T&E Ranges
MERTS and PRS Whether you need short, medium or long EW T&E ranges, EWST has the solution. MERTS and PRS systems are in service and deployed around the world.
24 USER COUNTRIES CAN’T BE WRONG! Herley-CTI 9 Whippany Road, Whippany , NJ, 07981 Tel: 973-884-2580 Email:
[email protected]
EW Simulation Technology Ltd. B9 Armstrong Mall, Southwood Business Park, Farnborough, Hants, GU14 0NR, UK Tel: +44 (0)1252 512951 Fax: +44 (0)1252 512428 www.ewst.co.uk
the view
f ro m h e re
STUDIES AND SCORECARDS
JANUARY 2013 • Vol. 36, No. 1
EDITORIAL STAFF Editor: John Knowles Managing Editor: Elaine Richardson Senior Editor: John Haystead Technical Editor: Ollie Holt Contributing Writers: Dave Adamy, Barry Manz, Richard Scott Marketing & Research Coordinator: Heather McMillen Sales Administration: Chelsea Johnston
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD
O The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
6
ne thing I have been noticing lately is a significant uptick in the number of EW studies and reports, especially in the US. Congress has asked for two EW reports in its 2013 defense authorization bill, and the Office of the Secretary of Defense is tasking the Defense Science Board with a summer study that will focus on EW and EMS operations. All of these developments are good for EW. But, I wonder what will ultimately come of these efforts. I have been around long enough to see many other EW studies commissioned. In 1994, there was the Joint Tactical Airborne Electronic Warfare Study (JTAEWS). In 1999, the Air Force’s leadership kicked off the EW Operational Support Study (EWOSS). In 2008, US Strategic Command’s Joint EW Center completed a comprehensive EW Capabilities Based Assessment (CBA). There have been many other EW studies and reports conducted during the past 20 years. All of these have made sound recommendations to build a stronger EW capability. However, it often seems that senior DOD leaders will receive one of these EW studies and decide to follow through on just one or two of the many recommendations before the study is locked in a safe somewhere and forgotten. This is a blunt and perhaps cynical assessment, but I don’t think it’s unfair. How many JED readers have participated in an EW study during their careers only to see most of the study’s recommendations ignored? Maybe there would be better “corporate memory” if all DOD EW studies were kept in a single virtual library where defense leaders could access them and read their executive summaries before commissioning a new study or report. It might provide them with a better sense of the chronic problems facing EW. One idea that could serve as a useful adjunct to all of these studies is to create a running EW scorecard across the DOD. The scorecard could cover EW doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and education, personnel, facilities and policy (DOTMLPF-P). A scorecard could be kept by any (and every) EW-related organization in the DOD, whether it is a lab, an aggressor squadron, a test range, a system program office, an operational EW unit, a schoolhouse, etc. Obviously, not all of the DOTMLPF-P elements in the scorecard will apply to every EW organization. However, most EW organizations regularly deal with multiple DOTMLPF-P aspects and their different perspectives would be valuable. These EW scorecards can be aggregated up through the services and ultimately to OSD. This would provide service and OSD leaders with some sort of self-generated assessment of the broader EW status within the DOD. And, it may give those many past and present EW studies a little more context and staying power before they are retired to a quiet shelf in a forgotten safe somewhere in the corner of somebody’s office. – J. Knowles
Mr. Tom Arseneault Vice President for Product Sector and Chief Technology Officer, BAE Systems Inc. Mr. Gabriele Gambarara Elettronica S.p.A. CAPT John Green Commander, EA-6B Program Office (PMA-234), NAVAIR, USN Mr. Micael Johansson Senior Vice President and Head of Business Area, Electronic Defence Systems, Saab Mr. Mark Kula Vice President, Tactical Airborne Systems, Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems Col Steve Ling Director, Joint Electronic Warfare Center, US Strategic Command LTC James Looney Chief, Electronic Warfare Division, Directorate of Training and Doctrine, Fires Center of Excellence, US Army CAPT Paul Overstreet Joint Strike Fighter Weapons System Program Manager, Naval Air Systems Command, USN Mr. Jeffrey Palombo Senior VP and GM, Land and Self-Protection Systems Division, Electronic Systems, Northrop Grumman Corp. Col Jim Pryor Chief, Electronic Warfare, Operational Capability Requirements Headquarters, USAF Mr. Steve Roberts Vice President, Strategy, Selex Galileo Mr. Rich Sorelle Acting President, Electronic Systems Division, Exelis Wg Cdr P.J. Wallace Chief of Staff, Joint Air Land Organisation, UK MOD Dr. Richard Wittstruck Director, System of Systems Engineering, PEO Intelligence, Electronic Warfare and Sensors, USA
PRODUCTION STAFF Layout & Design: Barry Senyk Advertising Art: Christina O’Connor Contact the Editor: (978) 509-1450,
[email protected] Contact the Sales Manager: (800) 369-6220 or
[email protected] Subscription Information: Please contact Glorianne O’Neilin at (703) 549-1600 or e-mail
[email protected]. The Journal of Electronic Defense is published for the AOC by
Naylor, LLC 5950 NW 1st Place Gainesville, FL 32607 Phone: (800) 369-6220 • Fax: (352) 331-3525 www.naylor.com ©2013 Association of Old Crows/Naylor, LLC. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced by any means, in whole or in part, without the prior written authorization of the publisher. Editorial: The articles and editorials appearing in this magazine do not represent an official AOC position, except for the official notices printed in the “Association News” section or unless specifically identified as an AOC position. PUBLISHED JANUARY 2013/JED-M0113/7975
43rd Annual Collaborative EW Symposium JANUARY 29-31 // PT. MUGU, CA
As EW warfighting requirements continue to evolve in their complexity and interdependency, it is clear that future EW systems must work collaboratively with other air, ground, surface and space systems, such as cyber, intel, kinetic and spectrum management. The 43rd Annual Point Mugu Electronic Warfare Symposium will facilitate the exchange of enabling concepts and provide a venue to disseminate current research in the fields of collaborative electronic warfare. Prominent leaders, contributors and representatives from the military, government, academia and industry will come together to address current electronic warfare gaps and emerging technologies in collaborative electronic warfare required to address these gaps. This three-day symposium will be held at Naval Base Ventura County Point Mugu Station Theater, January 29-31, 2013.
SUPPORTING TOPIC 1:
Collaborative EW Innovation and Inventions SUPPORTING TOPIC 2:
Cognitive and Adaptive EW Capabilities SUPPORTING TOPIC 3:
Coordinated / Distributed / Network-Enabled Systems SUPPORTING TOPIC 4:
War fighter Perspective
V I S I T W W W. C R O W S . O R G F O R M O R E I N F O R M AT I O N
Scan with your smartphone’s QR scanner to go to the conference website.
c ale ndar
c o nfe re n c e s
JANUARY
&
trade s h ows MARCH
FEBRUARY
Electronic Warfare Gulf Cooperation Council 2013 January 8-9 Abu Dhabi, UAE www.tangentlink.com 43rd Annual Collaborative EW Symposium January 29-31 Pt. Mugu, CA www.crows.org
Aero India 2013 February 6-10 Bengaluru, India www.aeroindia.in
Dixie Crow Symposium 39 March 24-28 Warner Robins, GA www.dixiecrow.org
Avalon International Airshow 2013 February 26-March 3 Geelong, Australia www.airshow.com.au
Langkawi International Maritime & Aerospace Exhibition (LIMA) March 26-30 Langkawi, Malaysia www.lima.com.my
Helo Survivability and PBL February 26-28 NAS Patuxent River, MD www.crows.org
APRIL Navy League Sea-Air-Space April 10-12 National Harbor, MD www.seaairspace.org LAAD Defence & Security 2013 April 10-12 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil http://laadexpo.com.br AOC Capitol Club: EW Symposium – Onboard Countermeasures Technology April 17 Washington, DC http://aoccapitolclub.com/
MAY
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
8
Prowler Roost EW Symposium May 20-24 Whidbey Island, WA www.crows.org
dŚĞůĂƚĞƐƚĂĚĚŝƟŽŶƚŽ ŽƵƌĞdžƚĞŶƐŝǀĞĂƌƐĞŶĂůŽĨ ŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐt^ŽůƵƟŽŶƐ
AOC EW Europe 2013 May 28-30 Cologne, Germany www.crows.org
dŚĞDZϳDƵůƟƌŽůĞ ŝƌĞĐƟŽŶ&ŝŶĚĞƌ
JUNE International Microwave Symposium June 2-7 Seattle, WA www.ims2013.org AOC Kittyhawk Week June 4-7 Dayton, OH www.kittyhawkaoc.org
ŹDƵůƟƌŽůĞĚĞƐŝŐŶ ŹdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJǁŝĚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJƌĂŶŐĞ
4th Annual EW, IO and Cyber Capabilities Conference June 4-8 Charleston, SC www.crows.org
Ź>ĂƌŐĞŝŶƐƚĂŶƚĂŶĞŽƵƐďĂŶĚǁŝĚƚŚ
ĞƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ DŽďŝůĞ DĂŶͲƉŽƌƚĂďůĞ DĂŶŽŶƚŚĞDŽǀĞ dƌŝƉŽĚ
Electromagnetic Warfare Systems Engineering and Acquisition June 18-20 Dahlgren, VA www.crows.org a
Items in red denote AOC Headquarters or AOC Global Connections events. Items in blue denote AOC Chapter events.
ͲDĂŝů͗ŵĂƌŬĞƟŶŐΛŐĞǁ͘ĐŽ͘njĂͮtĞďƐŝƚĞ͗ǁǁǁ͘ŐĞǁ͘ĐŽ͘njĂ t ď ŝƚ
617625_GEW.indd 1
Paris Air Show June 17-23 Paris, France www.paris-air-show.com
12/18/12 1:13:01 PM
c ale ndar
c o u r s e s
JANUARY Survey of Electromagnetic Battle Control Applications January 21-22 Alexandria, VA www.crows.org
FEBRUARY DRFM Executive Overview February 6 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu
&
s e m i n a r s
Introduction to Radar and Electronic Warfare February 12-15 Alexandria, VA www.crows.org
Radar Cross Section Reduction March 11-13 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu
MARCH Adaptive Arrays: Algorithms, Architectures and Applications March 5-8 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu
Aircraft Survivability March 11-15 Shrivenham, Oxfordshire, UK www.cranfield.ac.uk Essentials of 21st Century Electronic Warfare March 12-15 Alexandria, VA www.crows.org Modeling & Simulation of RF Electronic Warfare Systems March 19-22 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu
APRIL Fundamental Principles of Electronic Warfare April 9-12 Alexandria, VA www.crows.org Basic RF Electronic Warfare Concepts April 16-18 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) Technology April 16-18 Aurora, CO www.pe.gatech.edu
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
10
Directed Infrared Countermeasures: Technology, Modeling and Testing April 16-18 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu Introduction to Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Concepts, Systems, and Test & Evaluation April 16-19 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu
MAY Infrared Countermeasures May 7-10 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu Developing Radio Frequency (RF) Prototype Hardware May 21-23 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu
JUNE Basic RF Electronic Warfare Concepts June 18-20 Las Vegas, NV www.pe.gatech.edu a AOC courses are noted in red. For more info or to register, visit www.crows.org.
617462_Emhiser.indd 1
12/18/12 1:08:24 PM
T O D AY T ODAY
WE BECOME
M ERCURY S YSTEMS .
TODAY OUR CAPABILITIES ARE FAR BROADER AND DEEPER THAN EVER. TODAY MERCURY SYSTEMS IS A BEST-OF-BREED PROVIDER OF COMMERCIALLY DEVELOPED, OPEN SENSOR AND BIG DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS, SOFTWARE AND SERVICES FOR CRITICAL COMMERCIAL, DEFENSE AND INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS. TODAY OUR INNOVATIVE CAPABILITIES SPAN THREE STRATEGIC AREAS: MERCURY COMMERCIAL ELECTRONICS MICROWAVE SOLUTIONS MIXED ANALOG/DIGITAL SOLUTIONS EMBEDDED SIGNAL AND IMAGE PROCESSING MERCURY DEFENSE SYSTEMS ELECTRONIC WARFARE SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE ELECTRO-OPTICAL/INFRARED TEST AND SIMULATION MERCURY INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS BIG DATA ANALYTIC PROCESSING PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS MULTI-INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS
Innovation That Matters™ Today Mercury Systems is a new name, but not a new company. And ‘Innovation That Matters’ is not just a slogan. It describes how we approach the problems you face.
Check out the new Mercury … Today Visit mrcy.com/newmercury or call 866.627.6951 Copyright © 2012 Mercury Systems, Inc.
message
f ro m the p re s i d e nt
FOCUS ON
EW
Association of Old Crows 1000 North Payne Street, Suite 200 Alexandria, VA 22314-1652 Phone: (703) 549-1600 Fax: (703) 549-2589 PRESIDENT Robert Elder VICE PRESIDENT Wayne Shaw SECRETARY Robin Vanderberry TREASURER Charles Benway
C The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
12
yberspace has captured the attention of the media, but those in the know understand that EW and Joint EM Spectrum Ops (JEMSO) are absolutely critical to national security. In the US, the Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics recently announced the charter of a Defense Science Board Study to examine “21st Century Military Operations in a Complex Electromagnetic Environment,” with a focus on current and emerging EW techniques and capabilities that may face US forces over the next two decades, and EW techniques and capabilities that US Forces can utilize against potential adversaries. Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the US recently collaborated on an assessment of effective warfighting in contested spectrum and information environments. This six-month effort examined the problem space from a joint and coalition warfighting perspective with panels dedicated to improve effectiveness through changes in strategy and operations, tactics, training and testing, and near-term materiel solutions. Although the assessment is not yet complete, it is clear that the participants have come to realize that EW will comprise the fabric of future military operations, and can no longer be treated as just an adjunct. Gen Robert Kehler, the Commander of US Strategic Command, recently told the US House Armed Services Strategic Forces Subcommittee, “We must assume adversaries will seek disruptive or destructive EMS capabilities to obtain their own asymmetric edge.” STRATCOM is establishing a JEMSO office that will expand previous joint electromagnetic spectrum operations efforts, effectively creating a single warfighter organization to advocate for and support joint electronic warfare capability strategy, doctrine, planning, requirements, resources, test, training and operational support. The US Government Accountability Office recently recommended the development of a “comprehensive strategy to ensure departmental components are able to integrate electronic warfare capabilities into all phases of military operations and maintain electromagnetic spectrum access and maneuverability.” Many organizations and agencies have taken on the cyberspace mantra, but the AOC is the only organization that advocates internationally for electronic warfare, spectrum ops and information operations. Now is the time to sharpen our focus even further; for without spectrum control and electronic protection, not only is cyberspace in great jeopardy, but military operations in all domains will be degraded. AOC members bring a wealth of critically needed international expertise and experience to the EW and IO communities. Service has always been a key element of the AOC culture; as it looks to the future, AOC will focus its efforts on ensuring the expertise and experience of AOC members are readily available to those who need it. – Lt Gen Bob Elder, USAF (Ret.)
AT-LARGE DIRECTORS Michael Oates David Hime Tony Lisuzzo Lisa Frugé Ron Hahn Robin Vanderbury Todd Caruso Vickie Greenier Paul Westcott REGIONAL DIRECTORS Southern: Wes Heidenreich Central: Joe Koesters Northeastern: Charles Benway Mountain-Western: John Wikheim Mid-Atlantic: Douglas Lamb Pacific: Joe Hulsey International I: Robert Andrews International II: Gerry Whitford IO: Al Bynum PAST PRESIDENT Laurie Buckhout AOC STAFF Stew Taylor Don Richetti Exhibits Manager Executive Director
[email protected] [email protected] Norman Balchunas Director, Operations
[email protected] Mike Dolim Director, Education
[email protected] Shelley Frost Director, Logistics
[email protected] Kent Barker Conferences Director/ FSO
[email protected] Glorianne O’Neilin Director, Member Services
[email protected] Tony Ramos Director, Communications
[email protected]
Tanya Miller Member and Chapter Support Manager
[email protected] Jennifer Bahler Registrar
[email protected] Keith Jordan IT Manager
[email protected] Glenda M. ReyesMontanez Business Manager reyes-montanez@ crows.org Tasha Miller Membership Assistant
[email protected] Miranda Fulk Logistics Coordinator
[email protected]
Brock Sheets Director, Marketing
[email protected]
Lauren Stewart Logistics Coordinator
[email protected]
John Clifford Director, Global Programs
[email protected]
Bridget Whyde Marketing/ Communications Assistant
[email protected]
Evolution pays off ¸PR100 – The third generation portable receiver. A real monitoring receiver in a portable device – a dream we realized with the ¸EB100 back in 1985. Now Rohde & Schwarz has revolutionized this milestone again with the ¸PR100. It shows every time, even in the most demanding scenarios. Don’t be afraid to accept challenges, the ¸PR100 will not let you down. We benefit from our experience, so why shouldn’t you? www.rohde-schwarz.com/ad/receiver
Please visit us at the IDEX in Abu Dhabi stand 08-C12
PLAN NOW TO ATTEND THESE GREAT AOC EVENTS IN 2013 JANUARY January 8-9
Electronic Warfare Gulf Cooperation Council 2013
APRIL
JULY
April 17
July 16-18
Capitol Club: EW Symposium – Onboard Countermeasures Technology
Joint Suppression of Enemy Air Defense (JSEAD)
Washington, DC
Nellis AFB, NV
Fundamental Principles of Electronic Warfare Course
AUGUST
Abu Dhabi, UAE
January 21-22
Survey of Electromagnetic Battle Control Applications Course
Alexandria, VA
Alexandria, VA
MAY
January 29-31
May 20-24
43rd Annual Collaborative Electronic Warfare Symposium
Prowler Roost: EW Symposium
Pt. Mugu, CA
XXX
Whidbey Island, WA
Xxx 12 Annual EW Europe fp CMYK Patriots’ Roost: International EW Seminar premium position Helo Survivability & Performance Based p. 14 Logistics (PBL)
October 15-17
Information Operations in the Pacific Theater Honolulu, HI
The Cybersecurity Ecosystem: An Interagency, Public-private, and Coalition Challenge Linthicum, MD
May 28-30
FEBRUARY February 12-15
Introduction to Radar and Electronic Warfare Course Alexandria, VA
Capitol Club Multi-National Forum Washington, DC
th
Cologne, Germany
SEPTEMBER September 10-13
DSEi AOC EW Pavilion London, UK
Bedford, MA
Patriots’ Roost: Net-Centric Operations Conference New Castle, NH
Patuxent River, MD
OCTOBER
MARCH
JUNE
March 12-15
June 3-6
Essentials of 21st Century Electronic Warfare Course
AOC Kittyhawk Week
50th Annual AOC International Symposium & Convention
Dayton, OH
Washington, DC
October 27-30
Alexandria, VA June 4-6 March 24-28
4th Annual EW, IO, and Cyber Capabilities Conference
38th Annual Dixie Crow Technical Symposium
Charleston, SC
Warner Robins, GA
June 18-20
Patriots’ Roost: Cyber and Law Enforcement Requirements Seminar Bedford, MA
Electromagnetic Warfare Systems Engineering and Acquisition
October 31
AOC Classified Symposium Washington, DC
NOVEMBER EW Asia 2013 ASEAN, TBD
Dahlgren, VA
Capitol Club: Town Hall Arlington, VA
DECEMBER Land EW Conference Quantico, VA
UK Classified EW Symposium Shrivenham, UK
t he
monitor news
ONR SEEKS ADVANCED EW TECHNOLOGY “DISCOVERY AND INVENTION” configurable EW systems that have extremely high-volume processing capability. This initiative recognizes that future EW systems will need to be able to consume a large amount of raw sensor data, extract high-level knowledge from this data, and then derive optimized EW attack strategies in real-time while operating over very large bandwidths. Technologies are desired that will enable rapidly reconfigurable, highly capable, and easily programmable software-defined RF systems that have at least an order-ofmagnitude more processing capability than current state-of-the-art FPGA or GPU-based solutions. The Spectrum Reasoning area is intended to investigate methods to reason about current spectrum conditions and threat knowledge to develop real-time and resource-optimized EA strategies. The emphasis of this task is to develop methods for prioritizing threats on-thefly and mapping available EA resources to counter many simultaneous threats (one-on-many scenarios). Finally, the Innovative EW Concepts areas will explore truly novel
concepts in the EW areas of ES, EA, or EP that could fundamentally change the way Navy and Marine Corps forces conduct EW operations. Proposals in this area should focus on innovative solutions involving emerging, cutting-edge technologies as opposed to commercial off the shelf (COTS) or other traditional technologies. In conjunction with the US Army Communications-Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center (CERDEC) and the US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), ONR plans to fund individual awards of $500K to $1.5 million per year. However, both lower and higher cost proposals will also be considered. The period of performance for projects may be from 12 to 36 months with an estimated start date of January 2014. The ONR BAA Number is: BAA 13005. White papers are due by February 5, and full proposals are due by May 7. The technical point of contact is: Dr. Peter Craig, e-mail: peter.craig@navy. mil. The business point of contact is: Rebecca Foster, e-mail: rebecca.d.foster@ navy.mil. – J. Haystead
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
The US Navy’s Office of Naval Research (ONR) has issued a broad agency announcement (BAA) for new research opportunities in electronic warfare (EW) technology. The “Electronic Warfare Discovery and Invention (D&I)” program “invests in Science and Technology (S&T) initiatives that will provide naval forces (including Navy and Marine Corps) with improved threat warning systems; electronic warfare support (ES); decoys and countermeasures against weapon tracking and guidance systems; electronic attack (EA) against adversary Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR); and electronic protection (EP) of our own weapons and C4ISR from intentional and unintentional interference.” According to the BAA, specific areas of interest include Enabling Cognitive and Adaptive Electronic Warfare; Technologies for High Throughput and Rapidly Programmable EW Systems; Emulation Environments for Adaptive and Targeted Electronic Warfare; and Innovative EW Concepts The objective of the Enabling Cognitive and Adaptive EW area is to apply adaptive and machine learning algorithms to EW to address RF systems that are increasingly agile in waveforms, bandwidth, functionality, and diversity of EP modes. The initiative recognizes that new methods are needed to represent real-time dynamic spectrum knowledge, sense-andlearn RF features and behaviors, and to reason about threat systems and the environment to form electronic attack strategies on-the-fly. The objective of the Technologies for High Throughput and Rapidly Programmable EW Systems area is to develop enabling technologies for re-
15
t h e
m o n i t o r
|
n e w s
US NAVY SEEKS EXPENDABLE JAMMER INFO
• Conformal microstrip antenna arrays for missiles, aircraft & space
down conversion, Digital RF Memory (DRFM)-based technique generator(s), processors, amplifier(s), and associated software/firmware.” It adds, “Responders may assume that the host platform will provide required receive and transmit antennas.” The RFI describes minimum payload requirements, including a maximum size of 8 x 4 x 12 cubic inches, 26 lb maximum weight, 28 VDC prime power, and 30 hrs of operational use. Respondents should address system maturity in terms of signal environment pulse density, frequency range and band breaks, instantaneous bandwidth, and EA response time. The Navy is also asking for rough order cost and delivery schedule estimates. The Navy emphasizes that there is no funding currently available for a US Navy expendable EA payload program related to its study. The RFI is being conducted to provide information for an analysis of which EA systems are available to meet the described requirement. The Navy has pursued other expendable EA payload programs in the past. One Naval Research Lab-funded effort, which ran from 2001 to 2003, was the Air Launched Integrated Countermeasure, Expendable (ALICE), which was designed to carry a 25-lb EW payload. More recently, the Navy has shown an interest in the Miniature Air-Launched Decoy-Jammer (MALD-J), which can carry a heavier payload of up to 100 lb. The EA payload RFI number is N00164-13-SNB05. The technical point of contact is Greg Thomas, (812) 8543925, e-mail
[email protected]. Responses to the RFI are due January 31. – JED Staff
• Extensive catalog of wideband products (omni’s, spirals, horns, LPs)
IN BRIEF
The Naval Surface Warfare Center – Crane (Crane, IN) has issued a request for information (RFI) to gather information in support of a capability and cost analysis that aims to assess the current state of expendable electronic attack (EA) payloads. According to the RFI, which is being managed by Crane’s Airborne Electronic Attack Division, the Navy is requesting data about payloads that are at Technol-
ogy Readiness Level (TRL) 6 or higher. In its description of a notional system, the Navy anticipates that EA payloads will include “Radio Frequency (RF) up/
DEPENDABLE ANTENNAS FOR ELECTRONIC WARFARE
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
16
When something beyond the ordinary is required, TECOM is the partner of choice. An extensive antenna portfolio and system integration engineering capability—backed by quick-turn, lean manufacturing— provide a valuable asset for developers of new systems and end-users alike. • Antenna solutions with integrated microwave electronics • Spinning DF and interferometer array solutions
w w w. t e c o m - i n d . c o m
591314_Tecom.indd 1
Y E A R S
O F
P R O V E N
•
1-866-840-8550
P E R F O R M A N C E
7/6/12 2:44:22 PM
Sierra Nevada Corp. (Sparks, NV) has provided additional details about its $56.5 million contract from the US Army for production of Individual Counter Radio-Controlled Improvised Explosive Device Electronic Warfare Systems (ICREW). Under the contract, 3,900 of these systems, individually worn by soldiers to counter remote-controlled IEDS, will be delivered. The systems, referred to as “Baldr” systems, will provide a small zone of protection around the individual soldier while patrolling on foot.
EASY AS 1… 2… 3. Your one stop for finding the component and system products and sources you need.
AOC EW/SIGINT Resource Guide 1 Log on to the EW/SIGINT Online Resource Guide.
2 Click on the product or service category you need.
3 Start searching, or use the RFP Automator to quickly get in touch with multiple vendors in a specific product/service category with project specifications, schedules and contact information.
The EW/SIGINT guide allows you to search by location, detailed product category. It’s who makes what, right at your fingertips.
Check out the EW/SIGINT Online Resource Guide at www.ewsigint.net
Not listed? Visit www.ewsigint.net to have your company and product added to our database.
t h e
m o n i t o r
|
n e w s
✪ ✪ ✪
BAE Systems (Nashua, NH) is being awarded a $50.8 million, firm-fixed-price contract for procurement of 543 ALE-55 fiber optic towed decoys and 117 electronic frequency converters, both components of the US Navy’s F-18E/F Super Hornet Integrated Defensive Electronic Countermeasures (IDECM) suite. Work is expected to be completed by March 2015.
BAE Systems (Nashua, NH) has received a $19.1 million, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity (IDIQ) contract from Naval Weapons Systems Support, for the manufacture of MJU-68/69 flares and CCU-168 impulse cartridges for the Joint Strike Fighter. BAE Systems is the contractor for the F-35’s ASQ-239 Barracuda EW System, which includes the chaff and flare dispensers. Flare production will be performed by subcontractor Kilgore Flares (Toone, TN), and is expected to be complete by December 2015.
Empower RF Systems (Inglewood, CA) has named Jon Jacocks as president and CEO of the company. Barry Phelps, the previous CEO, has become Executive Chairman of the Board. Jacocks joined the company in 2007 as vice president of sales. Rob Lauria has been named Vice President, Business Development and Sales.
✪ ✪ ✪
✪ ✪ ✪
Phoenix Air Group (Cartersville, GA) is expected to receive a sole-source $14 million contract from the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (Patuxent River, MD) for the Electronic Warfare Aircraft Training (EWAT) program. The Navy seeks to procure services of two stand-off-jamming-capable aircraft to train shipboard and aircraft weapons systems operators and air-
Exelis (Thousand Oaks, CA) is set to receive a non-competitive firm-fixedprice contract from the Naval Air Warfare Center (Lakehurst, NJ) for Radar Signal Simulators for the H-60 aircraft. The contract will include a base year quantity of nine each, plus additional option year quantities of 20 each.
✪ ✪ ✪ ATK (Clearwater, FL) has received a $48 million contract from the US Navy for production of the AAR-47 Missile Warning System for protection of helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft from surface-to-air threats. The award includes manufacture of new assemblies, including optical sensor converters and computer processors, along with options for retrofitting weapon replaceable assembly upgrades and delivery of ATK’s Countermeasures Signal Simulator to evaluate the system’s operational readiness.
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
18
crew in tactics and procedures used to counter potential enemy electronic attack threats. The contract would run through October 2018.
✪ ✪ ✪
✪ ✪ ✪
✪ ✪ ✪
t h e the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) for provision of Blue Devil Block I operations and maintenance (O&M) support Outside the Continental United States (OCONUS) in support of the AFRL Sensors Directorate. AFRL Blue Devil is the follow-on program to the Angel Fire electro-optical sensor operational program. Blue Devil is transitioning from test and evaluation to O&M mission support. Under the contract, SAIC will provide deployed warfighters with an advanced multi-intelligence (MULTI-INT) surveillance and
✪ ✪ ✪ Raytheon (Tucson, AZ) is being awarded a $7.4 million modification to a previously awarded firm-fixed-price, IDIQ contract to exercise an option in support of the Program Executive Office, Unmanned Aviation and Strike Weapons, Direct and Time Sensitive Strike Program Office for procurement of HARM AGM-88B/C guidance sections. Quantities are procured for the US Navy (30), US Air Force (85) and for the governments of Germany (10), Turkey (5) and South Korea (2) via Foreign Military Sales channels. The contract also includes HARM AGM-88B/C control sections for the US Air Force (15), Germany (2) and Turkey (1), and support technical data for all entities.
|
n e w s
reconnaissance sensor system, including mission payload O&M and processing, exploitation and dissemination of intelligence.
✪ ✪ ✪ Mercury Systems (Chelmsford, MA) has won follow on orders worth $2.3 million for provision of digital signal processing modules for two airborne synthetic aperture radar systems. Deliveries are scheduled for later this year. a
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
Curtiss-Wright Controls (Shelby, NC) has received a $1.6 million contract from Northrop Grumman to provide rotary actuator technology for use in the US Marine Corps Ground/Air Task Oriented Radar (G/ATOR) program. Under the contract, the Curtiss-Wright Controls Flight Systems unit will supply rotary actuators that Northrop will integrate into the Radar Equipment Group Elevation Actuator Hardware Mod Kit. Deliveries were scheduled to begin in fourth quarter 2013 and continue through second quarter 2014.
m o n i t o r
19
✪ ✪ ✪ Alloy Surfaces (Aston, PA) has received a $9.2 million, firm-fixed-price contract for the manufacture of 86,397 MJU-49/B flares in support of airborne expendable countermeasures used in a variety of assault, tactical and transport aircraft. Work is expected to be completed by December 2015. In a separate contract, the company announced that it had received a $4.4 million award for production of MJU-64/B Special Materials Decoys for the US Air Force. The MJU-64/B is flown on F-16, C-130, and A-10 fixed-wing aircraft and MH-60 helicopters.
✪ ✪ ✪ SAIC (McLean, VA) has received a $74 million cost-plus-fixed-fee contract from 614844_Crane.indd 1
11/28/12 4:13:40 PM
washing t on repor t CONGRESS WANTS USMC EW REPORT
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
20
In the FY2013 Defense Authorization Bill, which emerged from conference as this issue of JED was going to press, the House and Senate conferees have included language in the conference report that calls for the Commandant of the US Marine Corps to submit an EW Report to the Congressional defense committees. The report will include “a detailed plan for the disposition of EA–6B Prowler aircraft squadrons” and “a solution for the replacement of the capability provided by such aircraft.” The report should also address “concepts of operation for future air-ground task force electronic warfare capabilities.” Lawmakers have asked for the report no later than 90 days after the bill is signed into law. The conference report also updates the requirements of an annual EW report Congress included in the FY2011 Defense Authorization Bill. In the FY2013 bill, Congress is directing the DOD to submit its report by January 1, 2013, and to “review and update Department of Defense guidance related to electronic warfare to ensure that oversight roles and responsibilities within the Department related to electronic warfare policy and programs are clearly defined. Such guidance shall clarify, as appropriate, the roles and responsibilities related to the integration of electronic warfare matters and cyberspace operations.” In addition, the conference report directs the Commander of US Strategic Command to “update and issue guidance regarding the responsibilities of the Command with regard to joint electronic warfare capabilities.” Specifically, the conference report calls on USSTRATCOM to “define the role and objectives of the Joint Electromagnetic Spectrum Control Center or any other center established in the Command to provide governance and oversight of electronic warfare matters; and include an implementation plan outlining tasks, metrics, and timelines to establish such a center.” That information is due to Congressional defense committees by October 1. – J. Knowles
PENTAGON TAKING A NEW LOOK AT FUTURE EW NEEDS Frank Kendall, the undersecretary of defense for acquisition, technology and logistics, has asked the Defense Science Board (DSB) to conduct a study on the
current and emerging EW technologies and capabilities that US forces could face over the next 20 years, along with the capabilities they can use against potential threats. Kendall wants a wide-ranging look at future EW needs in the wake of modern electromagnetic spectrum threats and the increasing commercial and civil technologies crowding US forces’ ability to use their own sophisticated technologies within the EMS. In a Nov. 14 memo to the DSB outlining the summer 2013 study on “21st Century Military Operations in a Complex Electromagnetic Environment, Kendall said the DSB’s examination should “uncover major potential deficiencies, risks and opportunities. In addition to examining EW capabilities at the individual technique level, the study should also consider how the Department can assess the value of such capabilities at a force-on-force or campaign level. Such examinations will provide insight on the value of techniques in combination with cyber and kinetic effects at a higher warfighting level, how combinations of techniques may be utilized to advantage, or what unintended disadvantageous consequences may occur in a complex multi-system environment that may not be obvious in ‘one-on-one’ examinations.” The memo outlines three “products” the study should provide. First,the DSB should provide “a set of findings and recommendations to guide the development of new EW capabilities, both offensive and defensive, providing major leverage in potential future conflicts against both near-peer and regional powers.” Second, the study should provide “guidance for the Department regarding what modeling and simulation tools and capabilities are required to examine the interaction of offensive and defensive EW capabilities at a joint force-on-force campaign level and an assessment as to whether or not such capabilities currently exist within the Department or need to be developed.” Third, the study should provide a set of findings and recommendations as to what improvements the Department can make in specifying, testing and evaluating future EW capabilities, particularly when considering potential interactions, both intended and unintended, in complex environments or the action/reaction cycles discussed above.” Kendall said he will sponsor the study, with Robert Stein and William Delaney serving as co-chairmen of the study task force. – E. Richardson a
world repor t
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
22
UK MODERNIZES SA-6 RADARS FOR RAF SPADEADAM
IN BRIEF
Two former ex-East German SA-6 “Gainful” surface-to-air missile surveillance and guidance stations – NATO reporting name “Straight Flush” – have completed an extensive overhaul and upgrade that will extend their life on the electronic warfare (EW) training range at RAF Spadeadam. Located in northwest England, RAF Spadeadam hosts an EW training facility used by UK and other NATO aircraft to practice evasive maneuvers and techniques against radar threats representative of those they may encounter in realworld operations. The range is populated by a number of former East German air defense systems, of Soviet origin, acquired at the end of the Cold War. The SA-6 upgrade stemmed from a requirement to extend the life of the vehicle-mounted Straight Flush radar and command guidance systems out to at least 2020, and to “part-digitize” the system so as to be fully representative of updated SA-6 systems currently deployed by unspecified countries of interest. Straight Flush is a mobile system designed to perform low-altitude detection and acquisition, target tracking and illumination, missile radar command guidance and secondary radar missile tracking. What is now Babcock won the original £2.5 million contract from the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) in 2009. It in turn subcontracted Polish electronics house Wojskowe Zadlady Uzbrojenia (WZU), which brings significant expertise in SA-6 manufacture and support, for the upgrade implementation. The modernization package has introduced flat screen display technology, a digital moving target indicator, and some solid-state components. Additional instrumentation has also been embodied. The first modernized Straight Flush, known as “Alpha Mike” completed its 18-month refurbishment in June 2010. WZU delivered the second unit, named “Tango,” to Babcock in November 2010. This Straight Flush unit was completed to an improved baseline incorporating additional functionality; work to bring Alpha Mike up to the same standard was completed in December 2012. Other Soviet/Russian-origin systems used at RAF Spadeadam include SA-8 “Gecko” surface-to-air missile systems and the ZSU 23-4 “Shilka” radar-guided 23-mm anti-aircraft artillery piece. A US-built T1 system is used to emulate the characteristics of the “Fan Song” and “Low Blow” fire control radars respectively associated with the longer range SA-2 and SA-3 missiles. – R. Scott
❍ Sofradir (Chatenay-Malabry, France) has signed an agreement with Sagem and Thales to acquire the companies’ infrared (IR) detector technology development and manufacturing facilities. Under the agreement, Sagem transfers to Sofradir Indium Antimonide (InSb) technology. Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) and Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) technologies will be transferred to Sofradir from the GIE III-V Lab, an economic interest group with partners Alcatel Lucent, Thales and research institute CEA (the French nuclear energy and alternate energies commission). The acquisition allows Sofradir, which manufactures sensors for passive IR missile warning systems, to expand its expertise in all cooled and uncooled IR technologies. Also last month, Sofradir received an IR detector contract from the Indian Space Research Organization’s Space Applications Center (Ahmedabad, India). The company will provide its large format Saturn ShortWave Infrared (SWIR) IR detector for space applications. ❍ Niitek (Dulles, VA), has received a $5.9 million firm-fixed-price contract from MBDA Italia to supply the “Mine Buster” ground penetrating radar (GPR) systems and logistics support to the Italian Ministry of Defence. The system will support the Italian Army’s CALIFE 3 program, covering the country’s route-clearance mission and providing options to mitigate ground threats. Deliveries are scheduled to be completed by October 2013. ❍ Raytheon UK has received a contract from the UK Ministry of Defence for delivery of a new GPS Anti-Jam Antenna System. The contract, issued to meet an Urgent Operational Requirement, covers an undisclosed number of systems for operational theaters and multiple vehicle platforms. This is the first sale for the company’s Land GPS Anti-Jam product, a lightweight, vehicle-based system designed to defeat GPS jamming. All of the new systems are expected to be delivered within six months. ❍ Lockheed Martin (Fort Worth, TX) has received a $29.4 million contract for engineering and technical services for F-16 aircraft via Foreign Military Sales channels. The locations for the performance of these services are: Bahrain, Chile, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Taiwan and Turkey. Work is expected to be complete by the end of 2014. ❍ Boeing (St. Louis, MO) is being awarded an $18.3 million firmfixed-price delivery order against a previous contract for the upgrade of 24 F/A-18C/D aircraft in support of the Phase III Hornet Upgrade 25 Program for the government of Switzerland via Foreign Military Sales. Work is expected to be complete by March 2016. a
AOC Fall Professional Development Courses This winter, keep ahead of the curve by taking advantage of the AOC’s conveniently located courses held at AOC Headquarters in the Washington, D.C. area.
JANUARY 21-22
Survey of Electromagnetic Battle Control Applications Course AOC Headquarters Alexandria, VA FEBRUARY 12-15
Introduction to Radar and Electronic Warfare Course AOC Headquarters Alexandria, VA MARCH 12-15
Essentials of 21st Century Electronic Warfare Course AOC Headquarters Alexandria, VA APRIL 9-12
Fundamental Principles of Electronic Warfare Course AOC Headquarters Alexandria, VA
VISIT WWW.CROWS.ORG FOR MORE INFORMATION
SEWIP Tackles Evolving Anti-Ship Missile Threats By John Haystead
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
24
It’s not at all hyperbole to say that, you have to go back to World War II to find a time when the US Navy’s surface fleet was as crucial to ensuring the security and interests of the free world as it is today. It’s also true that it has never faced a more challenging anti-ship missile (ASM) threat than today. The increasing quantity, expanding variety and evolving sophistication of these threats has been a chief concern for the Navy since anti-ship missiles first started to appear in significant numbers in the 1960s. With today’s focus on littoral and blue-water operations, shipboard EW has expanded beyond missile countermeasures, and the Navy’s ability to control and dominate the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) via electronic warfare (EW) has become an essential element of naval warfare. As seen by CAPT Douglas Small, Major Program Manager for Above Water Sensors, (PEO IWS 2.0), the main driver, by far, for surface EW requirements is the threat. “The threats don’t stand still and we don’t stand still. In crafting requirements for surface EW, we have to look at all threats in all regions, whether littoral or blue ocean waters, and across the EMS. It’s part of the EW challenge that you have to look everywhere all the time.” As JED reported in October 2012 (see “Pacing the Anti-Ship Missile Threat,” p. 24), anti-ship missiles pose an increasing danger to surface ships. To ensure that its surface ships can continue to operate in the dense threat
BLOCK 2 ENHANCES SLQ-32 ELECTRONIC SUPPORT The next major SEWIP upgrade phase, SEWIP Block 2, focuses on the passive detection, or electronic support (ES) ca-
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
environments, the Navy has embarked on a comprehensive strategy to modernize its shipboard hard-kill (radar and air defense missiles) and soft kill (EW) systems. The soft-kill strategy includes new active RF decoys, development of an EW battle management system and a multiphased upgrade program to upgrade its primary surface-ship EW self-protection system, the AN/SLQ-32. The SLQ-32 upgrade, known as the Surface Electronic Warfare Improvement Program (SEWIP), is now well underway, and the Navy is about to release an RFP for the third major phase of the program addressing the critical Electronic Attack (EA) element of the requirement. Originally built by Raytheon (Goleta, CA) in the 1970s, the AN/SLQ-32 (slick 32) provides early detection, signal analysis, threat warning and protection from anti-ship missiles. The system was initially produced in three variants, the (V)1, (V)2 and (V)3, with two additional versions, the (V)4 and (V)5 added later. Various iterations and versions of the system are installed on US Navy ships ranging from aircraft carriers to amphibious assault ships (CVN, CG, DDG, FFG, LSD, LPD, LHA, LHD, and LCC). As of last year, 2012, there were 150 SLQ-32s installed fleet-wide. Established in July of 2002 as an acquisition category (ACAT) II program, SEWIP is currently structured around four major block upgrade efforts. Block 1 focused on obsolescence mitigation and special signal intercept to improve the SLQ-32’s overall anti-ship missile defense, counter-targeting and countersurveillance capabilities. The upgrade provided improved processing as well as better human machine interface (HMI) features. Specifically, it included the addition of a Specific Emitter Identification (SEI) and High Gain High Sensetivity (HGHS) receiver. The majority of Block 1 development efforts are already complete with these upgrades in fullrate production and fleet installations in-progress.
25
The venerable SLQ-32 (seen here with the “Sidekick” jammer upgrade mounted below the ES system) is being upgraded under the multi-phase SEWIP program. (Raytheon photo)
pabilities, of the SLQ-32, including providing an upgraded antenna array and new digital receiver to improve its detection and accuracy. The Navy awarded the Block 2 contract to Lockheed Martin Mission Systems and Training (Syracuse, NY) in November of 2009. As described by Joe Ottaviano, Lockheed Martin’s SEWIP Program Director, “The SLQ-32 has always been well ahead of the threat, but Block 2 provides a major improvement to the system capabilities and architecture to allow it to be rapidly improved as threats change and to continue to outpace the threat.” For example, says Ottaviano, “You can change its detection approach literally with a firmware change. It’s that modular and upgradable, and it’s this modular approach that will allow us to continue to outpace the threat. It’s a never-ending game.” Dave Beard, EW Business Development Lead at Lockheed Martin MST in
Syracuse, adds that “the new Navy, with its new platforms, is going to have to operate in a lot of areas, both blue water and littorals, and the EMS needs to be controlled in all of these areas. The original SLQ-32 was designed strictly as an anti-ship missile defense system; now the Navy is opening its field of view and expanding its EW mission beyond this to potentially include counter-surveillance, and counter-targeting as well.” A successful Block 2 critical design review was conducted in February of 2011, and Lockheed Martin is now integrating and testing two engineering development models at its EW systems test facility in Syracuse, NY. According to Captain Small, Block 2 is currently ahead of the original schedule set for the program. “We’re under our program costs and are slated to meet all of our requirements.” A Block 2 Milestone C decision and award of the low rate initial production (LRIP) contract to Lockheed
Martin (part of the original competition), is expected by January of 2013. Following LRIP, Captain Small says “the next major step will be getting a system onboard a ship next fall for IOT&E.” The program office is shooting to begin full rate production of Block 2 systems in the third quarter of 2014. The Navy plans to buy 129 Block 2 ship sets and five shore sets for $1.7 billion. Eventually, SLQ-32 systems upgraded with SEWIP Block 2 technology will be designated as the (V6) variant.
BLOCK 3 BRINGS EW POWER TO BEAR
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
26
The next phase of the SEWIP program, Block 3, will provide an upgraded electronic attack (EA) capability for the AN/SLQ-32, providing a common capability against anti-ship missiles for all of the Navy’s surface combatants (CVN, CG, DDG, LHD) currently outfitted with the active variant of the AN/SLQ-32, as well as CVN-78 and CVN-79 new-construction platforms. The Navy’s Block 3 acquisition plan calls for a single cost-plus-incentivefee (CPIF) base contract for Preliminary Design and associated Data Items with CPIF options for EMD that includes delivery of Engineering Development Models (EDMs). Captain Small says the RFP is now in the final stages of the release process, and “we expect to start the SEWIP Block 3 program toward the
The Lockheed Martin-Raytheon SEWIP prototype was demonstrated during last year’s RIMPAC exercise in Hawaii. (Lockheed Martin photo)
Compact Radio Signal Solution
HF, VHF, UHF monitoring A smart solution for SDR control, recording, classiåcation and decoding Scalable and modular by all means Simply connect an SDR and start decoding the most adWanced protocols
Part of the product line
619749_Plath.indd 1
XXXgosignalsch
12/18/12 1:17:22 PM
end 20133 calendar d off the h 20 l d year, with i h an LRIP decision in the 2016 timeframe.” Though, as a baseline, the platforms to be equipped with Block 3 will be those currently equipped with the (V3) and (V4) active variants of the AN/SLQ-32 such as cruisers and carriers, Captain Small says that “in keeping with our modular and scaleable construct, we also expect to be able to install it on other platforms as well going forward.” Lockheed Martin, together with teammate Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems (El Segundo, CA), have announced their intention to compete for the Block 3 program. As described by Lockheed Martin’s Ottaviano, “Whereas Block 2 lays the foundational support for SEWIP to understand what is going on in the EMS, now with Block 3 comes the response.” The team completed land-based integration and test of their SEWIP Block 3 solution in early 2012 at the Lockheed Martin EW test facility in Syracuse, NY,
phase of the InTop program. This was followed by two additional contracts in November 2011 totaling $69 million for the continued development, fabrication and integration of an Advanced Development Model (ADM) of the suite to support SEWIP Block 3, and for development of a low level resource manager and other infrastructural software. The two efforts are running concurrently with the ADM system planned for delivery in 2013. Though Northrop Grumman has not yet made a formal announcement, according
Cobham Antenna Systems, Microwave Antennas Specialist Antenna Design and Manufacture Ultra Wideband Antennas for Defense The most important thing we build is trust
:gm^ggZl_hk>P%Fbllbhgl Zg]
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
and resolving electromagnetic interference and compatibility issues. Through InTop, various RF functions (EW, Communications, etc.) will simultaneously share apertures and signal processing through a central resource allocation manager. Requests for resources will be prioritized according to need at any given time, and resources assigned to accomplish the function. In September of 2010, ONR awarded Northrop Grumman (Linthicum, MD) an initial $18.9M contract for the base
27
and, d iin JJuly, l d demonstrated d their h i potential Block 3 solution during the Navy’s multinational Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) maritime exercise near Hawaii. As described by Beard, the demonstration included “an accurate representation of the SEWIP Block 2 system from its receive element all the way its digital tuners and receivers to all the below-deck equipment where we cued an accurate representation of the technology we want to use in Block 3 all the way out to the transmit element.” The SEWIP Block 3 program heavily leverages technology developed under the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Integrated Topside (InTop) science and technology effort, which is developing an open architecture, modular, scalable suite of EW, information operations, and line-of-sight communications hardware and software for Navy ships. The new suite is intended to reduce the number of topside apertures on modern naval vessels, increasing bandwidth
Ultra Wideband Omni Antennas
Ab`aIhp^kIeZgZk LibkZe:gm^ggZl
;b\hgb\Zehfgbl
Ab`a_b]^ebmr fhghmhg^iZmm^kgl
=bk^\mbhgZe%nemkZ pb]^[Zg]
O^kmb\ZeeriheZkbl^]
=bk^\mbhg_bg]bg` lrlm^fl
Ab`aihp^k
;Zg]pb]mal_khf ,3*mh,)3*
IaZl^Zg]Zfiebmn]^ fZm\abg`ZoZbeZ[e^
?neer^__b\b^gm
Fnemb&lmZ\d^] hfgbl_hko^klZmbe^ \hg_b`nkZmbhgl
Ultra Wideband Omni 0.8 to 6GHz
605489_Cobham.indd 1
Cavity Backed Spiral, Phase Matched 2 to 18GHz
Ultra Wideband Omni 2 to 18GHz
Ultra Wideband Directional 0.8 to 6GHz
;Zg]pb]malnimh ,)3* NemkZlebf
Ultra Wideband Omni 1 to 6GHz
High Power Planar Spiral 0.15 to 3GHz
Cobham Antenna Systems, Microwave Antennas Lambda House, Cheveley Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 9RG, UK T: +44 (0)1638 732177 F: +44 (0)1638 731999 E:
[email protected] www.cobham.com/antennasystems/newmarket
9/25/12 12:31:31 PM
to Pat Antkowiak, Vice President Northrop Grumman Advanced Concepts & Technology Division, the company will definitely also be competing for the Block 3 program, adding that the company will have a number of partners on their team. These may include its current InTop program partners such as Exelis’ Radar, Reconnaissance and Acoustic Systems Division (Morgan Hill, CA), L-3 Communications Narda Microwave-West (Folsom, CA), and Crane Aerospace and Electronics (Chandler, AZ).
LEVERAGING CRITICAL R&D ONR’s InTop technology will be transitioned to SEWIP Block 3 in the same way that its Multifunction EW (MFEW) R&D program served as the technology demonstration vehicle for Block 2. Captain Small describes the process as follows. “If you look at the types of technologies that were required in Block 2 for the electronic surveillance upgrade, each of the industry competitors had ideas based on the same types of technologies, such as channelized digital receivers, that are a basic building block of any modern ES system. How they architected them, and the signal flows, and some of the software behind them was slightly different, but the core technologies, the things that have to be demonstrated to see whether or not you’ve passed the technological hump to start a program was the same. We took ONR’s MFEW ADM, which demonstrated all of these key technologies for us, and utilized the test data from the project. We were then aggressive in ensuring that we leveled the playing field for the competition. We shared all of the information that we had purchased through MFEW as govern-
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
28
www.hunter-technology.com • (408) 245-5400 Microwave Tuner SRX-00140-VME • Tune any frequency < 500 nsec • RF inputs 0.5-20 GHz and 30-40 GHz • Low phase noise < 0.5° rms • Single slot 6U VME/VXS conĮguraƟon • On-board 500 MSPS digiƟzer
Arbitrary Waveform Converter/Exciter SMS-ACX • • • • •
Up-Convert up to 2 GHz Arbitrary ModulaƟon 10 MHz to 14 GHz, RF Output -50 dBcSpurious Down to 1 ʅsecTuning Speed Small 4.7”x 4.6”x 1.7” Module
Broadband Block Down-Converter SCC-2040-X4 • • • • •
Down-Converts 18-40 GHz to 4-16 GHz Integrated LO’s, 1.0 DegRMS Noise 4 Channels, Phased Matched Noise Figure < 12dB Small 6.0”x 3.5”x 0.5” Module
AS9100c, Secure, ITAR compliant manufacturing campus includes a class 10,000 clean room, mil-spec printed circuit board fabricaƟon & assembly, box build and system integraƟon.
IMA’s
Converter
Synthesizers
2921 Corvin Drive, Santa Clara, CA 95051
619928_Hunter.indd 1
Build-To-Print
Oī-The-Shelf
[email protected]
12/18/12 1:49:39 PM
ment furnished information (GFI), as well as the information from all of SEWIP 1 and SLQ-32 with all of the offerors.” Captain Small says he expects to take the same approach with Block 3. “There are a handful of fundamental technological building blocks for any EA system with the set of requirements we have, and they’re common across any potential solution. Those key technologies will be demonstrated by InTop, and we will then take all of that information and provide it as GFI to support the competition for Block 3. This is how we make it robust.” In fact, Captain Small emphasizes that a key tenet of the entire SEWIP strategy is to “build on everything that has gone before.” As an example, he points to the human systems integration (HSI) work done in Block 1 to improve how information is presented to operators on their display screens. “We did things like measure improvements in the operator’s ability to process information and to do certain tasks. We then upgraded the screens based on this feedback from the fleet.” Another example can be seen in the adjunct receivers developed in Block 1 which are also carried forward through Block 2 and into Block 3. “We are truly building on what was there before. Even though each of these blocks is an upgrade to different parts of the system, they all build together.” The fundamental technological building blocks being developed for Block 3 through the InTop program include active electronically steerable arrays (AESA) and high-power GaN amplifiers (HPAs). Says Northrop Grumman’s Antkowiak, “There’s been an overall revolution in the capabilities provided by AESA, and the tech base has gotten to a point where you can now offer scalable AESA building blocks that cut across all domain applications and the entire EMS, giving us the ability to provide precision, high-gain power on the threats instantaneously wherever they live. It’s time to bring AESA technology to the surface ships for multifunction EA, IO, and communications.” Echoing this sentiment, Lockheed Martin’s Ottaviano, adds that “Everything EW for transmit now is headed toward AESA and GaN. It provides such an advantage over the old TWT approach in terms of power efficiency, reliability and life-cycle cost.” Captain Small agrees. “We considered a range of options for HPAs, but GaN has matured to the point where it’s now a feasible option for almost every application. GaN provides efficient HPAs, and it’s definitely in the mix for SEWIP Block 3.” In fact, to keep pace with the constantly evolving threat, Captain Small says the Navy has been necessarily taking advantage of a number of advances in commercial and other technologies. “As well as the benefits provided by solid-state high power GaN amplifiers, computer processors have also gotten faster, [analog-to-digital] converters have gotten faster and increased capacity, and FPGA technology has also advanced. Obviously, not all of this technology is driven by the military, but we’ve taken advantage of it wherever we can, and we’ve also made it standard practice to require our systems to be architected using modular open system approach (MOSA) principles.” Says Marty Hunter, Northrop Grumman Technical Director and Chief Scientist for SEWIP Block 3, “the advanced threats we see today require the rapid generation of advanced wave-
The next proposed phase of the SEWIP program, Block 4, is intended to provide electro-optic and infrared (EO/IR) missile defense capabilities for the system. However Captain Small says the SEWIP program office doesn’t have any near-term plans for this right now. ONR is continuing with R&D work in the area, however, through the Shipboard Integrated Electro-Optic Defense Systems (SHIELDS) for shipboard EO/IR closed loop self protection. SHIELDS was begun as part of the Navy’s pre-SEWIP Advanced Integrated Electronic Warfare System (AIEWS) program, which was cancelled in 2002. ONR awarded the original contract for SHIELDS to Lockheed Martin Naval Electronics & Surveillance Systems (Akron, OH) in 2001 to develop a system capable of countering IR-guided missiles as well as EO guided threats, based on high-power laser and closed loop IR countermeasures (CLIRM) technology. According to Lockheed Martin’s Ottaviano, the effort remains a funded program of record and is currently undergoing testing at the Navy’s test facilities.
Photos courtesy Lockheed Martin, Raytheon and the US Navy.
29
5IF/FYU(FOFSBUJPO.JDSPXBWF3FDFJWFS SMR-7512 / SMR-7522
SMR-5550i
FEATURES
BLOCK 4 OVER THE HORIZON
vested in and matured to date, they will want to gain benefits from in all EW programs.” Northrop Grumman’s Antkowiak concurs. “We have a thriving AESA product base that is evolving with these technology trends and is allowing us to drive costs down and provide the buying power back to our customer to allow them to get these new technologies inserted rapidly and at low cost.” The benefits go both ways of course, as Captain Small points out. “AESA and GaN advances are definitely a benefit to multiple programs. In fact the industry teams that are working on the InTop project are also industry teams working on NGJ. This wasn’t driven by us, but they’re looking at how they can best leverage all of their investments to deliver winning products to both programs.” With the release of the SEWIP Block 3 RFP imminent, Captain Small observes that although competition is often seen largely as simply an attempt by Government to keep costs down and push schedules, “competition is also about ideas, and that is my message to the industry, that we are open for the ideas competition.” Small supports his statement by pointing out that it is no small task to prepare the extremely detailed GFI needed to ensure that all potential industry partners have an opportunity to get on a level playing field and compete. “EW is an area where we need more smart people and more smart companies working on this stuff, not less. Competition is a great thing and we’re very, very serious about it.” a
STRONG BASE OF SUPPORT Despite the continuing “new normal” of budget chaos in Washington, to date, both the Navy and Washington have indicated a strong commitment to ensuring that the SEWIP program stays on track. The Navy’s 2013 budget request includes $151.5M for Ship Self Defense Soft Kill/EW development, including $29.9M for SEWIP Block 2 to continue E&MD, complete integrated testing, and begin at-sea testing; and $77.5M for Block 3 to begin E&MD and ADM design. Support for SEWIP is no doubt at least partially bolstered by the multi-role capabilities of its core AESA and GaN technologies. For example, as noted by Lockheed Martin’s Beard, “the Navy also has a serious investment in the Next Gen Jammer (NGJ) program, and a lot of the technologies that they’ve in-
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
forms to counter them. This, in turn, requires the flexibility provided by the AESA receivers, exciters and processors built around an open architecture.” Antkowiak expands on this point, noting that “in terms of scalability, at the module level, GaN components are not only capable of having high, poweradded efficiency but are also capable of the wide-bandwidth operation needed to cover a very large part of the EMS. This high-power, wide-bandwidth digital beamforming allows for the rapid configuration of multiple beams, either simultaneously or sequentially, to deal with the threat, as well as to create multifunction systems from the same components that provide a fundamental cost advantage.” Open architecture design provides the other critical piece of a successful solution. Says Antkowiak, “The amazing thing about the interfaces between the array components and the receiver exciters and processors being open architecture, is that it not only allows the best-of-breed technology to be used from the outset, but also provides for a continuous technology insertion path around that open architecture. The next generation of these components will support even more flexible techniques generation, meaning we can continue to stay ahead of the evolving threat. We now have a solution that has legs against the threat.”
t 0.8-9.6 GHz base unit (SMR-7512) t()[FYUFOEFE 4.3
t-PX48"1wYwYwMCT8 7ED t% JHJUJ[FE%BUB.)[#8(14UJNFTUBNQFE I/Q over 10G Fiber t.)[BOBMPH*'PVUQVU!NBY.)[#8 t¡*OUFHSBUFE1IBTF/PJTF t*OUFHSBUFE4QFDUSVN%JTQMBZ
For more information contact our sales office or visit www.cobham.com/defence-electronics/HuntValley Email: Phone:
TJHJOUTBMFT!DPCIBNDPN
Cobham Electronic Systems SIGINT Inc. 10713 Gilroy Rd, Hunt Valley, MD 21031 SIGINT is a member of the Cobham Defence Electronics family which includes Baltimore, MD; Lansdale, PA; Lowell, MA; San Diego, CA; San Jose, CA.
598024_Cobham.indd 1
7/25/12 3:58:05 PM
Use of t his U.S. DoD ima ge does n ot im ply or con s titu te D oD en dors em en t.
Broadband Intercept
DF Sensors
Signal Exploitation
Enabling Force Protection-Compatible Situational Awareness In demanding asymmetrical, tactical operations, a compromise between protection and awareness is no longer necessary. L-3 ASIT’s innovative solutions are bringing new capabilities to the battlespace. Globally, we have provided more than 1,500 radio frequency mission assets to those who protect our national security. To learn more, please visit us online at www.L-3com.com/ASIT or call us at (443) 457-1125.
Applied Signal & Image Technology
www.L-3com.com
TECHNOLOGY SURVEY A SAMPLING OF EW, SIGINT AND DF ANTENNAS By Ollie Holt
All of these issues drive the design and selection of the antenna for your particular application.
THE SURVEY For this survey of EW, SIGINT and DF antennas, we asked antenna manufacturers to describe antenna type and operating frequency range (EW antennas typically have a relative wide frequency range compared with radars or radios, for example). In most EW applications the antenna will be a single element antenna of some type but it could also be a simple array of elements. The Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), also referred to as SWR, defines the ability of the antenna to deliver energy to the antenna feed line or the feed line to deliver energy to the antenna in the case of a transmitter. It is the ratio of the power at the antenna to the energy delivered to the feed line. An ideal SWR would be 1.0:1 or SWR=1. That would mean that all the power received by the antenna is passed on to the receiver. If only 75% of the energy gets to the cable, then the SWR would be 3:1 or 3 and the reflectivity would be 0.5. Any SWR value higher than 1 means some of the received power is being reflected back towards the antenna and into space – Antenna Mode Scattering. This is also very important if the antenna is to be used for transmitting (jamming) because it defines the power reflected back to the power amplifier from the antenna. A poorly matched system could damage the power amplifier. You will probably never see an ideal SWR of 1, but the design should get a close as possible to that number. The antenna pattern defines the shape of the circumference over space of a constant gain value. Depending on the type of antenna this pattern can be very broad (i.e. a 360-degree circle) to a very narrow 5-degree rabbit ear. This is usually defined both in azimuth and elevation. If the antenna can also be used in an EW transmitter application, the maximum power handling value is listed in the table. This is the maximum power before the antenna may suffer breakdown or arcing, a value you typically don’t want to exceed. JED’s next survey, in the March issue, will cover radar warning receivers (RWRs) and electronic support measures (ESM) systems.
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
T
his month’s technology survey examines antennas for use in electronic warfare (EW), signals intelligence (SIGINT) and direction finding (DF). Let’s jump right to the two major issues driving EW antenna design – gain and installation/fit. There is a third (radar cross section or reflectivity), but that is just a side effect of gain and it will be discussed with gain. High gain is the main goal of good antenna design. The more gain the antenna provides, the less amplification that is required by the electrical circuits further down the signal path and the greater the operational range of the EW system. The problem is that higher gain usually means a larger radar cross section (RCS) and therefore a greater reflectivity, which often compromises a weapons system’s stealth characteristics. There are two types of reflectivity that impact the antenna’s RCS; one is called Structural Mode Scattering and the other is called Antenna Mode Scattering. Structural scattering is energy reflected back into space by the antenna structure. This can be reduced by adding radar-absorbing material (RAM) to the antenna and/or by pointing the antenna away from the desired Field of View (FOV) and causing reflections to occur outside the desired FOV. In both cases, it reduces the gain of the antenna in the desired direction. Antenna Mode Scattering is caused by antenna-to-electronics mismatch and can be reduced by controlling the impedance match between the antenna and electronics. The better the match, the lower the amount of antenna mode scattering. Antenna installation tends to drive the design engineer to make compromises between gain/performance and size/ weight. Typically a weapons system is not designed around an EW antenna, so the EW system designer has to find ways to work within the size and weight constraints available on the platform. This typically impacts the field of view and the performance of the antenna. Also, not all signals the EW system desires to detect are radiated in the same polarization (horizontal, vertical, circular, etc.), so additional performance impacts have to be accounted for in the installation. Antenna installation on the platform drives another set of design considerations, such as aerodynamic drag (on aircraft); obscuration caused by engines, wings or other platform structures; covert visual signature, etc.
31
EW, SIGINT & DF ANTENNAS Product Name/ Model Number
Antenna Type
Operating Frequency
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
Antenna Polarization
Antenna Gain (in dB or dBi)
AMT Microwave Corp.; Camarillo, CA, USA; +1-805-384-1560; www.amt-microwave.com 20270 Spiral Antenna
spiral
2-18 GHz
2.0:1
LHCP
-3 to +2 dBic
Omni Biconical 30420
biconical
18-40 GHz
2.0:1
slant linear 45 deg.
2 dBi
Antenna Authority Inc.; Douglasville, GA, USA; +1-770-577-7969; www.antennaauthorityinc.com CBS-24
spiral
100-1900 MHz
*
RHCP, LHCP
2-3 dBi
DASA 3151
slot
20-1000 MHz
*
vertical
-15 to -30 dB
Antenna Research Associates (ARA): Beltsville, MD, USA; +1-301-937-8888; www.ara-inc.com LPD-3100-C2756
log periodic
30-1000 MHz
2.0:1
*
6 dBi
SAS-11E-101M
discone/monopole
30-1000 MHz
2.0:1
vertical
*
vertical
-65 to -30 dB
*
circular
varies w/ freq.
Astron Wireless Technologies; Sterling, VA, USA; +1-703-450-5517; www.astronwireless.com DF1M50
array
1-50 MHz
*
Applied EM Inc.; Hampton, VA, USA; +1-757-224-2035; www.appliedem.com AEM-DFA-01
array
75-2000 MHz
Aselsan A.S.; Ankarra, Turkey; +90 312 592 1000; www.aselsan.com.tr A-DFA-B3
blade DF array
20-3000 MHz
*
vert
0 dBi
A-DFA-S23
spiral DF array
0.5-18 GHz
*
RHCP, LHCP
5 dBi
A-DFA-H2
DF array
2-18 GHz
*
slant
14 dBi
RHCP, LHCP
-5 dB
Chengdu SIWI Electronic Co Ltd.; Chengdu, China; +86-28-81705119; www.siwi.com.cn SWATP2018B
spiral
2-18 GHz
3.0:1
Cobham Defense Electronics Baltimore; Baltimore, MD, USA; +1-410-542-1700; www.cobham.com
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
32
11D28500
blade
500-3000 MHz
2.5:1
vertical
3.5 dBiL
13C02800
stub
2-12 GHz
2.0:1
vertical
similar to matched quarter-wave stub
120M0
stub
5-18 GHz
2.0:1
linear, vertical
similar to matched quarter-wave stub
Cobham Defense Electronics Lowell; Lowell, MA, USA; 877-262-4267; www.cobham.com Spinner
horn, log periodic
C/D-E/J
*
var
7-20 db
EW Blade
blade
VHF-UHF
<2.5:1
linear
varies w/ freq.
Semi-Omni
semi bi-conical with polarized radome
*
<2.0:1
RHCP, LHCP
4-6 dBic
Cobham Defense Electronics Lansdale; Lansdale, PA, USA; +1-215-996-2416; www.cobham.com Multi-Band AZ/EL Interferometer
array
2-40 GHz
< 2.5:1
RHCP, LHCP
0 dBil
ASO-1995
dual spiral
2-18 GHz
<3.5:1
LHCP and RHCP simultaneous
0 dBil
Precision AZ DF Microwave Interferometer
array
2-18 GHz
<2.5:1
RHCP, LHCP
0 dBil
Cobham Antenna Systems (Microwave Antennas); Newmarket, Suffolk, UK; +44 1638 732177; www.cobham.com OA2-0.1-6.0V/1692
omni
100-6000MHz
2.5:1
vertical
0-3 dBi
PSA0218R/1905
spiral
2-20 GHz
2.0:1
RHCP
2-5 dBic
UWB-15300/1221
spiral
150-3000 MHz
2.5:1
RHCP, LHCP
-2 to +8 dBic
COJOT-Oy; Espoo Finland; +358 9 452 2334; www.cojot.com WB-225M
omni
200-6000 MHz
≤2.5:1
vertical
-1 to +3 dBi
WD-525M
omni
500-6000 MHz
3.0:1
vertical
*
Power Handling Capacity (In Watts)
Size
Platform
Weight
Additional Features
*
RWR
2.1x3 in.
air
200 g
*
*
RWR
1x1.6 in.
air
50 g
*
*
COMINT, DF
24x24x25 in.
grd-mob
15 lb
Operational temp. range is -20 deg C to 60 deg C.
*
DF
24x32x2 in.
grd-mob
10 lb
works w/ Model AADF-3100 DF processor.
300W CW
comms ECM
17x16.6 ft.
grd-fix
*
*
*
COMINT
26.3x31.6 in.
grd-fix, grd-mob
31 lb
*
*
COMINT
5.25x29 in.
grd-fix, grd-mob
45 lb
Operating temp -32 to +55 deg C.
*
DF
16x6 in.
*
8 lb
High-accuracy DF for low- and high-frequency bands.
DF
100x40 cm
air
20 kg
DF and intercept antenna arrays for ground applications.
DF
60x150 cm
air
70 kg
DF and intercept antenna arrays for ground applications.
DF
190x30 cm
grd-fix, shp
100 kg
*
*
ESM/RWR, DF
55x50 mm
air
*
*
100W CW
COMINT, comms ESM, comms ECM
4.6x2.5x4 in.
*
9 oz
Antenna is available with a DC grounded center conductor, and it is designed for supersonic aircraft.
100W
ELINT, RWR/ESM, radar ECM
3x1.25 in.
*
3 oz
Can operate up to 70,000 ft.
200W CW
ELINT, RWR/ESM, radar ECM
1x1.29 in.
*
1.1 oz
Can operate up to 70,000 ft.
*
DF
21x25x21 in.
air
<60 lb
Fast mechanical scanning, 20-bit pointing resolution.
high power
RWR/ESM, radar ECM
23x18 in.
air
14 lb
LT Connector
25W
COMINT, ELINT
various
shp
*
N-type antenna
*
ESM
12x12x3 in.
air, shp
<8 lb
Available with custom integrated front electronics.
*
ESM
2.2x2 in.
air, grd-fix, grdmob, shp, sub
0.22 lb
2-SMA connector outputs.
*
ESM
12x4x3 in.
air, grd-fix, grdmob, shp, sub
<3 lb
Available with custom integrated front electronics.
200W
COMINT, ELINT, comms ECM, radar ECM
50x5 in.
grd-fix, grd-mob
12 lb
Dual input 100-500MHz and 500-6000MHz.
*
DF, RWR/ESM
2.2x1.8 in.
air, grd-mob, grdfix, shp
0.16 lb
Can be used in matched sets.
200W
COMINT, ELINT, comms ECM, radar ECM
27x27x1.5 in.
air, grd-mob, grdfix, shp
11 lb
Flat panel, wideband, high power and directional.
200W
comms ESM, comms ECM
220x150 mm
grd-mob
2.3 kg
*
80-200W
comms ESM, comms ECM
410 mm (h)
grd-mob
2.2 kg
No ground plane required.
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
EW/SIGINT Application
33
EW, SIGINT & DF ANTENNAS Product Name/ Model Number
Antenna Type
Operating Frequency
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
Antenna Polarization
Antenna Gain (in dB or dBi)
DRS ICAS LLC; Merrimack, NH, USA; +1-603-429-0111; www.drs.com Tactical Manpack COMINT DF Antenna
array
30-3000 MHz
2.0:1
vertical
varies w/ freq.
ZA-4507
array
30-2700 MHz
3:01
vertical
varies w/ freq.
ZA-4509
array
20-3000 MHz
*
vertical
varies w/ freq.
Electro-Metrics Corp.; Johnstown, NY, USA; +1-518-762-2600; www.electro-metrics.com EM-6855
omni
4.5-40 GHz
vertical
0 dBi
EM-6104
omni
20 MHz-18 GHz
vertical
varies w/ freq.
vertical
*
Elbit Systems EW and SIGINT - Elisra; Bene Beraq, Israel; + 972-3-6175 111; www.elisra.com TDA-1200
array
20-3000 MHz
*
ETS-Lindgren; Cedar Park, TX, USA; +1-512-531-6400; www.ets-lindgren.com 3164-05
quadridged horn
2-18 GHz
*
dual linear
5 to 12 dB
3164-08
quadridged horn
0.7-10 GHz
*
dual linear
4-12 dB
3183
end-fed biconical
1-18 GHz
*
linear
-10 to 0 dB
Exelis Antenna Products and Technology Div.; Bohemia, NY, USA; +1-631-218-5553; www.exelisinc.com
34
SE138-1-1
array
2-18 GHz
2.5:1
RHCP, LHCP
+2 dBi
SE129-1-1
array
0.5-18 GHz
2.5:1
RHCP
0 dBi
DF-360-1-1
Circular Array
2-18 GHz
2.0:1
slant 45 deg.
-1 dBi
*
vertical
*
First RF Corp.; Boulder, CO, USA; +1-303-449-5211; www.firstrf.com
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
RF-124LX
omni
VHF/UHF/L/S/C
GEW Technologies; Pretoria, South Africa; +26 12 421 6212; www.gew.co.za LPDA 5-30
log periodic
5-30 MHz
< 2.5:1
horizontal
6 dB
MRA55
active monopole
9 kHz-2 MHz
< 2.5:1
vertical
*
MRA7067
array
1-6000 MHz
*
vertical
*
Greenwave Scientific; Raleigh, NC, USA; +-.919-876-6220; www.greenwavescientific.com BULLET-1570
3D Vivaldi
1.5-7 GHz
*
linear
8-10 dBi
BLADE-2070
modified Vivaldi
2.5-7 GHz
*
linear
9-12 dBi
ELITE-0530
3D modifed tapered Vivaldi
500-3000 MHz
*
linear
4-7 dBi
JEM Engineering; Laurel, MD, USA; +1-301-317-1070; www.jemengineering.com 901-0126-001
spiral
500 MHz-6 GHz
<2.0:1
RHCP, LHCP
3-5 dBiC
The Sentry (901-0162-000)
array
400-2700 MHz
<2.5:1
RHCP
16 dBic
901-0176-000
spiral
100-8500 MHz
<2.5:1 @100-4500 MHz; ≤3.0:1 @45007500 MHz
RHCP
6 dBic
L-3 Communications - Applied Signal & Image Technology; Linthicum Heights, MD, USA; +1-443-457-1111; www.l-3com.com/asit BIA-2/3/4/5/6
omni
20-3000 MHz
*
vertical
3 dB
DF-125C
DF antenna head
30-3000 MHz
*
vertical
0 dBi
RDF-210
array
400-3000 MHz
*
vertical
0 dBi
Power Handling Capacity (In Watts)
Size
Platform
Weight
Additional Features
*
COMINT/DF
38x18x18 in.
grd-fix, grd-mob
10.75 lb
Built-in GPS antenna, lower bay elements operate in 3 positions (open, half-open, closed), Rugged
*
COMINT/DF
126.7x60 in.
shp
185.1 lb
*
*
COMINT/DF
104x106 in.
grd-mob
<79.2 lb
*
*
*
2.25x2.25 in.
grd-fix
.25 lb
*
*
*
12x10 in.
grd-mo, /grd-fix
1.8 lb
Active in the 20- to 1000-MHz range, requires external clean +12VDC.
*
DF
3.2x4.2 in.
grd-fix
50 kg
Suitable for TDF-2020 and TDF-1200 DF systems.
*
*
17.1x17.1x18.4 in.
grd-fix
1.56 lb
*
*
*
36x36x36.5 in.
grd-fix
11.4 lb
*
*
*
14x6x6 in.
grd-fix
*
*
*
linear interferometer 16x7x5 in.
air, shp
9 lb
Includes 8 apertures.
*
linear interferometer 49x11x6 in.
air, shp
40 lb
Includes 12 apertures.
*
circular interferometer
12 in. dia
shp, sub
40 lb
Includes vertically stacked circular arrays.
100W CW
comms ESM, comms ECM
83 in.
grd-mob
28 lb
Designed to meet MIL-STD 810 environments.
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
EW/SIGINT Application
35
1000W
comms ECM
15x10.8x19.8 m
grd-fix
250 kg
Mast heights selectable up to 30 m, rotatable.
*
COMINT
1800x130 mm
grd-fix, grd-mob
4 kg
*
*
DF
780x405 mm
grd-mob
4.2 kg
Watson-Watt applications
*
comms ESM, comms ECM
6x5x6.5 in.
*
1 lb
Metal-plated plastic design, supports multiple polarization configurations.
*
comms ESM, comms ECM
4.3x1.2x1.5 in.
*
0.26 lb
Near-freqeuncy independent patterns, easy array configuration.
*
comms ESM, comms ECM
13x4.7x5.5 in.
*
0.75 lb
Metal-plated plastic design, modular design for easy arraying.
10
COMINT; DF; ELINT; comms ESM; RWR/ ESM
2.28x5.79x5.59 in.
air, grd-fix, grdmob, shp
15.5 oz
Optimized for max gain in a small package.
100W CW
COMINT; DF; ELINT; comms ESM; RWR/ ESM
2.5x16x16 in.
air, grd-fix, grdmob, shp
7.5 lb
*
10W
COMINT; DF; ELINT; comms ESM; RWR/ ESM
2x12x12 in.
air, grd-fix, grdmob, shp
2.8 lb
Rugged and weather resistant.
*
intercept
7.5x9.25 in.
grd-fix, grd-mob
4 lb
For vehicle roof and mast applications
*
DF
33x15 in.
grd-mob
45 lb
For vehicle roof-mount applications
*
DF
13.6x7.5 in.
grd-fix, grd-mob
12 lb
For tripod, vehicle roof, mast, and manpack applications.
EW, SIGINT & DF ANTENNAS Product Name/ Model Number
Antenna Type
Operating Frequency
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
Antenna Polarization
Antenna Gain (in dB or dBi)
L-3 Communications Linkabit Division; San Diego, CA, USA; 800-331-9401; www.l-3com.com/linkabit MA-445C
array
2-2000 MHz
*
vertical
18 dB
MA-458/723
array
20-2000 MHz
*
vertical
20 dB
L-3 Communications Randtron Antenna Systems; Menlo Park, CA; 866-900-7270; www.l-3com.com/randtron Broadband Sinuous
DF, interferometer
0.4-18 GHz
*
horiz and vert, slant +45 and -45 deg.
-8 dBli to 3 dBli
Broadband Spiral
DF, interferometer
0.5-42 GHz
*
dual CP
-8 dBli to 3 dBli
Quad Monopole
array
0.7-2 GHz
*
vertical
-1 dBli to 5 dBli
Pharad, LLC; Glen Burnie, MD, USA; +1-410-590-3333; www.pharad.com BW-800/900/1800/1900
wearable antenna
800-900 MHz, 1800-1900 MHz
< 2.0:1
linear
0 dBi
MP-800-6000
gooseneck
800-6000 MHz
< 2.0:1
vertical
varies w/ freq.
Covert Antenna for Nontactical Vehicles
covert/conformal
30-6000 MHz
< 3.5:1
linear
+3 dBi to -15 dBi
*
vertical
*
PLATH GmbH; Hamburg, Germany; +49-40-23-73-40; www.plath.de DFA 2405
interferometer DF
20-3000 MHz
U646
Watson-Watt DF
1-30 MHz
*
vertical
*
CMA 2400
interferometer DF
20-3000 MHz
*
vertical
*
Poynting Antennas; Johannesburg, South Africa; +27 11 262 5155; www.poyntingdefence.com
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
36
SYST-A0004
stacked array
20-3000 MHz
*
horiz and vert
varies w/ freq.
OMNI-A0180
omni
20-500 MHz
< 2.5:1
vertical
0 dBi
LPDA-A0067
log periodic
800-3000 MHz
< 2.0:1
vertical
12 dBi
Q-par Angus Ltd; Leominster, Herefordshire, UK; +44 1568 612138; www.q-par.com QSPDCP2-18S
sinuous
2-18 GHz
< 2.0 :1
dual circular, right and left
-5.2 to 2.6 dBiL
QSPCP0.5-18S
spiral
0.5-22 GHz
<1.5:1
RHCP, LHCP
varies w/ freq.
WBHDP18-40K
horn
18-40 GHz
2.0:1
dual linear
12 to 16.9 dBi
Rohde & Schwarz; Munich, Germany; +49-89-4129-0; www.rohde-schwarz.com R&S HE500
active antenna
20-3000 MHz
*
linear, vertical
-26 to 15 dBi
R&S HL050
log periodic dipole
0.85 MHz-26.5 GHz
*
linear
8.5 dBi
R&S HL223
log periodic dipole
200-1300 MHz
*
linear
> 6 dBi
Rockwell Collins; Richardson, TX, USA; +1-972-705-1438; www.rockwellcollins.com/ewsigint CS-3120
phase interferometer array
2-18 GHz
*
circular
2-10 dBi
ANT-1040A
spinning DF
0.5-40 GHz
*
slant linear, 45 deg.
5-21 dBi
CS-1040
spinning/omni stack
0.5-40 GHz
*
slant linear, 45 deg.
5-21 dBi
Saab, Electronic Defence Systems; Centurion, South Africa; +27-12-672-6000; www.saabgroup.com 470063-00000
spiral
1-18 GHz
*
circular
-12 to +1 dBli
470159-00000
biconical omni
0.5-18 GHz
*
slant linear
-4.5 to +1dBli
471325-00000
spinning DF with omni
0.5-40 GHz
*
slant linear
4.5-18 dBli
Power Handling Capacity (In Watts)
Size
Platform
Weight
Additional Features
*
COMINT, DF
13x5.5 in.
grd-mob, grd-fix
9 lb
Combine with MD-405A or PRD-13(V)3 SIGpac receiver for manpack SIGINT/DF system.
*
COMINT, DF
36x4.5 in.
grd-mob, grd-fix, shp
35 lb
Mast mountable; MIL-STD-810E.
7W CW
DF
various
air, grd-fix, grdmob, shp, sub
4 oz-5 lb
Can be built to specification, alternative radomes.
8W CW
DF
various
air, grd-fix, grdmob, shp, sub
5 oz-2 lb
Can be built to specification, alternative radomes.
20W CW
DF
5x5x7 in.
air/grd-mob/shp
4 lb
Can be built to specification: opt BIT and omni ports.
5W
COMINT, DF, comms ESM
2.5x4x0.5 in.
grd-mob
< 2 oz
Antenna provides wearable DF capability for locating cellular devices.
25W
COMINT, ELINT, EW, comms ECM, comms ESM
14.5x1.3 in.
grd-mob
15.9 oz
Flexible, antenna provides a high performance DF/ EW capability from cellular bands, though L-, C-, and S-bands.
100W
COMINT, ELINT, EW, * comms ESM
grd-mob
*
Antenna is covertly integrated into OEM features of vehicles.
*
COMINT, DF
3956x3254 mm
grd-fix
150 kg
7 elements, passive, very high bearing accuracy.
*
COMINT, DF
15x40 m
grd-fix
*
Self-supporting masts, passive, low-maintenance.
*
COMMS ESM, DF
80x75x75 cm
grd-mob
35 kg
*
*
COMINT
102x216.5 in.
grd-fix
125 kg
3-band DF & monitoring stack.
50W CW
comms ECM
33x1.4 in.
grd-fix, grd-mob
0.6 kg
Wideband high efficiency VHF manpack antenna.
200W CW
comms ECM
6x22x28 in.
grd-fix, grd-mob
4.5 kg
Array of hig- gain log-periodic antennas in a common radome.
2W CW
DF, RWR
81x108 mm
air, grd-fix, grdmob, shp
444 g
Simultaneous dual CP operation via both SMA connectors
2W CW
COMINT, SIGINT
152x120 mm
air, grd-fix, grdmob, shp
740 g
Extremely wide band operation.
20W CW
COMINT, SIGINT
47x47 mm
air, grd-fix, grdmob, shp
270 g
*
*
COMINT, DF
170x65x365 cm
grd-mob
1.2 kg
*
0.7 kg
*
*
COMINT, DF
30x21 cm
grd-fix, grod-mob, shp
1,500W, 600 W CW
COMINT, DF
28x29.9x4.7 cm
grd-fix
2 kg
*
*
ELINT, ESM, precision DF
27x12x5 in.
air, grd-fix, grdmob, shp
30 lb
Monopulse DF antenna array; option for 0.5 to 18 GHz.
*
ELINT, ESM, DF
20.5x19.5 in.
air
46 lb
Small form factor, airborne high gain antenna; 0.5 to 18 GHz version also available.
*
ELINT, ESM, DF
40x19.5 in.
grd-fix, grod-mob, shp
<80 lb
Integrated DF and omni antenna array; 0.5 to 18 GHz version also available.
*
RWR/ESM
6.5x5 cm
air, grd-fix, grdmob, shp
0.14 kg
Amplitude and phase track applications.
*
ELINT
37.4x27.9 cm
grd-fix, grod-mob, shp
4.5 kg
Wide elevation coverage.
*
ELINT
90x80.2 cm
air, grd-fix, grdmob, shp
21 kg
Low profile 200 RPM.
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
EW/SIGINT Application
37
EW, SIGINT & DF ANTENNAS Product Name/ Model Number
Antenna Type
Operating Frequency
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
Antenna Polarization
Antenna Gain (in dB or dBi)
RHCP
1.5 dBic
Seqtor of Denmark; Grenaa, Denmark; +45-8-632-6300; www.seqtor.com Lambda 150
spiral
150-2300 MHz
2.0:1
Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio, TX, USA; +1- 210-522-2766; www.swri.org AA-580
DF antenna pod
2-3000 MHz
*
vertical
-40 to -10 dBi
AP-460
array
20-3000 MHz
*
vertical
-40 to -10 dBi
AS-140
DF array
0.5-30 MHz
*
horiz and vert
-40 to -10 dBi
TCI, An SPX Company; Fremont, CA, USA; +1-510-687-6100; www.spx.com/en/tci/ Model 625
loop
2-30 MHz
*
vertical
5 dBi
Model 632
monopole
0.3-30 MHz
*
vertical
5 dBi
TECOM Industries, Inc.; Thousand Oaks, CA; +1-805-267-0100; www.tecom-ind.com ELPAR II DF Antenna
DF array
1-18 GHz
2.0:1
slant 45 deg.
14.7-17.8 dBil
Type 201564-3
bicone
0.5-18 GHz
*
slant linear
-6 dBi
Type 201516
log periodic
0.5-18 GHz
3.0:1
dual linear
7.5 dBi
Thales Communications & Security; Gennevilliers, France; +33-1-46-13-27-62; www.thales.com ANT184X
DF interferometry
20-3000 MHz
*
vertical
*
ANT194X
DF interferometry
20-3000 MHz
*
vertical
*
ANT205
DF interferometry
30-3000 MHz
*
vertical
*
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
38
Sur vey Key – EW, SIGINT & DF Antennas MODEL Product name or model number ANTENNA TYPE • DF = direction-fi nding • omni = omnidirectional OPERATING FREQUENCY Operating frequency in kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz) ANTENNA POLARIZATION LHCP = left-hand circular polarized RHCP = right-hand circular polarized vert = vertical horiz = horizontal ANTENNA GAIN Typical installed gain in decibels expressed as dB, dBi, dBLi, and dBiC POWER HANDLING CAPACITY (If the antenna supports jamming applications.)
EW/SIGINT APPLICATIONS • COMINT = communications intelligence • comms = communications • DF = direction-fi nding • ELINT = electronic intelligence • ECM = electronic countermeasures • ESM = electronic support measures • RWR = radar warning receiver • SIZE Antenna size in inches (in.), feet (ft), millimeters (mm) or centimeters (cm) PLATFORM Host platform • air = airborne • grd-fi x = ground-fi xed • grd-mob = ground-mobile • shp = shipboard • sub = submarine WEIGHT Weight in pounds (lb), grams (g) or kilograms (kg)
Power Handling Capacity (In Watts)
Size
Platform
Weight
Additional Features
200W CW
COMINT, ELINT, Comms ECM
24x25 in.
grd-mob
4-12 kg
Performace up to 3 GHz.
*
DF
38x14x4.5 in.
air
<65 lb
Low profile aircraft-mounted DF antenna pods; 2-5 deg RMS DF accuracy.
*
DF
20.5x20.5x20.5 in.
grd-mob
<5 lb
Man-transportable DF “tent” antenna; 5-deg RMS DF accuracy.
*
DF
4.25x4.5x25 in.
grd-mob, shp
50 lb
Rugged HF DF antenna for surface combatants w/ low radar cross section
*
DF
14.4 ft.
grd-fix
*
*
*
DF
192 in.
grd-fix, grd-mob
34 lb
54 x 6 in. stored position.
*
DF
47.25x40 in.
air, grd-mob, grdfix, shp
140 lb
*
5W CW
ELINT
9.1x10.25 in.
air
8 lbs
Altitude: 40,000 feet; airspeed: 500 mph. Receives horizontal, vertical and dual CP signals.
≤ 5 typ
ELINT
1.7x15.1 in.
air, grd-mob, grdfix, shp
10 lb
Wide bandwidth.
*
COMINT DF
45x110 cm
air, grd.mob
<17 kg
DF accuracy < 2 deg RMS
*
COMINT DF
500x310 cm
grd-mob
<180 kg
DF accuracy < 1 deg RMS; lightning protection included.
*
COMINT DF
220x135 cm
grd-fix, grd-mob
<13 kg
DF accuracy < 2deg RMS; foldable.
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
EW/SIGINT Application
39
OTHER ABBREVIATIONS USED • > = greater than • AZ = azimuth • BW = bandwidth • config = configuration • deg = degree • dia = diameter • EL = elevation • FOV = field of view • freq = frequency • max = maximum • typ = typical • UHF = ultra high frequency • VHF = very high frequency * Indicates answer is classified, not releasable or no answer was given.
OTHER COMPANIES This reference list includes websites for additional companies in the field that were unable to provide survey information due to security constraints or publication deadlines, or that declined to participate. Company Name Website FS Antennentechnik.........................................www.fsant.de Fractal Antenna Systems ........................ www.fractenna.com Radio Reconnaissance Technologies ........ www.radiorecon.com Trival Antene .......................................http://trivalantene.si UB Corp. ........................................................... www.ub.com
EW 101
Infrared Systems and Countermeasures – Part 2
IR Guided Missile Threats By Dave Adamy
I The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
40
nfrared (IR) guided missiles are significant threats to aircraft because the hot aircraft make easily distinguishable thermal targets against the cold sky. These can be air-to-air or ground-to-air missiles, including shoulderfired Man-Portable Air Defense Systems (MANPADS). Open-source literature states that up to 90 percent of aircraft losses are caused by IR missiles. IR missiles passively home on emitted IR energy from a target. As discussed last month, the wavelength of the energy emitted by an object depends on its temperature. The hotter the object, the shorter the wavelength at which its IR emission peaks. IR missile sensor material is chosen for maximum response in the wavelength of peak emission at the temperature of the chosen target of the missile. Early IR missiles operated in the near IR region, requiring very hot targets. Their sensors needed to see the hot internal parts of engines, so the missiles were restricted to attack from the rear of a jet airplane. Later IR missiles use sensors that can operate against cooler targets, such as the engine plume or the aerodynamically-heated, leading edges of wings. Thus, they can attack from any aspect.
THE IR MISSILE
Mirrors (Symmetrical) IR Dome IR Sensing Cell
Incident
Optical Axis
Radiation Reticle
Figure 2: The IR seeker focuses received IR energy onto a sensing cell through a reticle.
IR SEEKER As shown in Figure 2, the seeker receives radiated IR energy from the target through the IR lens, and focuses it onto an IR sensing cell using multiple shaped mirrors. The IR signals are filtered and passed through a reticle to the IR sensing cell which generates a current proportional to the power of the
Target Track
Figure 1 is a diagram of a heat seekθ θ ing missile. On the nose, there is a lens θ θ that is transparent at IR wavelengths. θ Behind the lens is an IR seeker which rack ile T θ generates signals from which the guidMiss θ ance and control circuitry can determine the direction to the target. The guidance and control group controls steering surfaces, such as rollerons, which conFigure 3: IR missiles use proportional guidance to avoid the requirement for a high-g turn as they trol the direction of flight. Then there is approach their targets. a fuse and warhead. Because the missile homes on the target, it will actually hit the target and can, received IR signal. Note that the seeker is oriented along an therefore, use a contact fuse in many cases. Finally, there are a optical axis which is offset from the missile’s thrust axis. As solid state rocket motor and stabilizing tail fins. shown in Figure 3, the missile uses “proportional guidance” so that it will approach the target at a gentle angle. If the missile were aimed directly at the target, it would be required to make IR Dome a “high-g” turn near impact. Seeker
Rollerons
Guidance Control Group
Fuze/Warhead
Rocket Motor
Tail Fins
Figure 1: The amplitude of the signal into the sensing cell varies with the angle between the target and the optical axis of the seeker.
RETICLES There are several types of reticles with different characteristics. Figure 4 shows a “Rising Sun” reticle which was used in early IR missiles. This reticle has 50 percent transmittance over half of its surface and the other half has alternating clear and
E W101
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
reticle. Thus, when the missile is trackopaque wedges. This causes the IR enerTarget ing a target near the center of its reticle, gy entering the sensing cell to receive IR a flare at the outer edge of the reticle energy from the target with the energy would generate a larger signal, making it vs. time characteristic shown in Figure easier for the missile to be decoyed to5. The square wave portion of the patward the flare. A second problem is that tern starts as soon as the vector from the the ultimate aiming point occurs at the seeker toward the target enters the alminimum received signal in the sensor ternating portion of the reticle. This encell. Next month, we will discuss several ergy vs. time pattern causes the sensing other types of reticles which overcome cell to output a current to the guidance these and other problems. and control group which has the same pattern. As the direction to the target changes, the time at which the square IR SENSORS wave portion of the waveform starts will Early sensors were made of Lead Sulbe appropriately shifted in time. Thus, phide (PbS) which operates in the 2 to 2.5 Figure 4: A rotating “rising sun” reticle has the guidance and control group can µm band (in the near IR region). PbS senalternating clear and opaque areas over half generate the proper steering command sors can operate without cooling, which of its area. to center the optical axis of the seeker simplifies the missile. Later missiles on the target. As the IR target direction approaches the center cooled PbS sensors to 77 degrees Kelvin (K) for greater sensitivof the reticle, its energy is reduced by the narrowing of the ity and lower required target temperature, but these sensors still clear wedges (i.e., part of the target is blanked by the opaque require a rear-aspect attack on a target. Note that cooling to 77 wedges). Thus, the error signal varies with the steering error degrees K can be done with expanding gas. angle as shown in Figure 6. One problem this causes is that the Later, “all aspect” missiles used sensors made from several greater signal energy from signals at the outer edge of the reticle other chemicals, including Lead Selinium (PbSe), operating in will dominate over energy from a target at the center of the the 3 to 4 µm band (in the Mid IR region) and Mercury Cad-
41
Maximum Signal 0
Minimum Signal π
2 π
Angular Placement of Reticule 3 π
Time
Figure 5: The IR energy into the sensing cell has a square wave pattern with a 50 percent duty cycle as the alternating part of the reticle passes the IR target.
Error Signal
mium Teluride (HgCdTe) operating around 10 µm (in the Far IR region). These sensors must be cooled to about 77 degrees K. If you will refer back to the Atmospheric Transmittance chart in Figure 3 of the December 2012 JED, you will note that each of these operating bands falls into one of the transmittance “windows” so that the IR energy from targets can be efficiently received by the missile’s IR sensor.
WHAT’S NEXT
Error Angle Figure 6: The amplitude of the signal into the sensing cell varies with the angle between the target and the optical axis of the seeker.
Next month, we will continue our discussion of IR missiles with descriptions of several other types of tracking reticles. For your comments and suggestions, Dave Adamy can be reached at
[email protected]. a
EM-6857 Ultra-Wideband Antenna The Electro-Metrics EM-6857 Ultra-Wideband Passive Omni-Directional Antenna has an amazing frequency coverage from below 20 MHz to well above 40 GHz. With nominal gains of 0 dBi or higher over 99.5% of the antenna coverage frequency range, this antenna is the perfect device for SIGINT or any other application where a small, rugged, high performance antenna is required.
www.electro-metrics.com 42 The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
614078_Electro.indd 1
06/12/12 1:37 615170_Qpar.indd AM 1
11/27/12 3:17:11 PM
Join the AOC
AOC MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION
FIRST _________________________ MIDDLE ______LAST ______________________________ RANK/TITLE ______ MAILING ADDRESS _________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ CITY ______________________________STATE ___________ZIP CODE _____________ COUNTRY _______________ TELEPHONE _____________________________________FAX (OPTIONAL) ___________________________________ EMAIL ____________________________________________________________________________________________
PAYMENT INFORMATION (Make checks payable to: Association of Old Crows) 1yr $45
3yr $115
LIFE $500
STUDENT $15
RETIRED $15
AOC EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION DONATIONS $ __________________________________________________ Payment (US dollars only) Check One:
Check enclosed
Visa
MasterCard
American Express
Credit Card Number_______________________________________________Expiration Date ______________________ Please Sign _________________________________________________________________ Date ______________________ Recruited By ____________________________________________________________________________ Check here if you would like to be a part of the Information Operations Institute (IOI): The IO Institute is a department of the Association of Old Crows chartered by the AOC Board of Directors to give members of the IO community an opportunity to exchange ideas and keep informed about current and discrete developments in the field of Information Operations.
EMPLOYER TYPE R R R R R R R
Army Navy Coast Guard Marines Air Force DoD Civilian Government Non-DoD R Industry R Education R Other PRINCIPAL JOB FUNCTION R Management, Corp. R Management, General R Engineering R&D R Operations R Marketing R Data Processing R Procurement R Production R Engineering Support R Training R Testing R Other
PRODUCT/SERVICE/ APPLICATION R EW R Avionics R Intelligence R Cyberspace R Computers R Electronics R Electro-Optics R Communications R Test/Diag. R Logistics R Spectrum Mgmt. R Consultant R Components R Space Applications R Radar R Directed Energy R IO R Other
Association of Old Crows
1000 North Payne Street, Suite 200 • Alexandria, VA 22314 • Phone: 703-549-1600 • Fax: 703-549-2589 • www.crows.org
AOCMembership_HALFPG_EditorialAd.indd 1
1/4/11 1:42:42 PM
association news The Dixie Crow Chapter of the AOC will host its 38th annual Regional Technical Symposium March 24-28, 2013. This year’s theme, “Maximizing EW/ISR Capabilities in an Austere Defense Budget Environment,” illustrates collaboration within the Information Operations (IO) environment. It prepares the battlefield before combat operations, serves as a force multiplier during battle, and defends our forces throughout. IO is also key to America’s protection at home. Papers should include issues relating to Electronic Warfare (EW), Intelligence Surveillance & Reconnaissance (ISR) and collaboration within the IO environment. Efficient utilization and control of the electromagnetic spectrum is necessary for defense of our forces and our homeland. Collaborative improvement is necessary to assure our tactics and products are affordable and successfully protect the warfighters.
Abstracts must be unclassified and may be submitted electronically any time before February 1, 2013 and should be less than 200 words. Presenters will be notified by February 15, 2013, if accepted. Along with the abstracts, please provide the classification and releasability information for the presentation along with the speaker’s short bio. E-mail unclassified abstracts, speaker biographies and releasability documents to all members of the Technical Session committee: Doug Nation, (478) 971-2417, e-mail: Doug.
[email protected]; John Shawhan, (478) 922-833, ext. 256, e-mail:
[email protected]; Mark Swann, (478) 2224481, e-mail:
[email protected]. For the latest information, check out our Home Page at: www.crows.org/ chapters/dixie-crow
ITALIAN AOC EW SYMPOSIUM The first one-day EW Conference was hosted by the Italian Scuola Telecomunicazioni delle FF.AA. in Chiavari in northern Italy on November 9. The conference had over 200 delegates from all three services with 30 percent being Joint Staff, 26 percent Navy, 4 percent Air Force, 4 percent Army and 6 percent academia in attendance. Notably, the Navy attendees comprised four Admirals and eight Captains. The conference was sponsored by EW industry from several European countries and supported by the AOC. The event took place in the 16th century Auditorium San Francesco in Chiavari and was opened by the Mayor of Chiavari and hosted by the Commandant of the Scuola Telecomunicazioni, Captain Silvano Beneditti. A total of 20 technical and operational papers were presented during the day including sessions on EW test and evaluation, sensor integration and signal intelligence in EW. Italian AOC members attended in abundance and International Region 1 Director, Dr Bob Andrews was a guest of honor and opening speaker representing the AOC.
TIDEWATER CROWS CHAPTER MEETING
Greg Kern (left), the Tidewater Chapter President, thanks CAPT Rob Gamberg (right), the Incoming Director of the Fleet Electronic Warfare Center (FEWC) after he presented a briefing to the Tidewater Chapter titled “Navy Electromagnetic Maneuver Warfare and the Fleet EW Center” on December 6. The Chapter members were very thankful to receive the informative presentation and support from CAPT Gamberg as well as CAPT Gregg Smith who is the current Director of the FEWC. CAPT Gamberg will assume the Director’s position in January. a
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
CALL FOR PAPERS: DIXIE CROW SYMPOSIUM 38
43
AOC Industry and Institute/University Members SUSTAINING Agilent Technologies Applied Research Associates Inc. Argon ST BAE SYSTEMS The Boeing Company Chemring Group Plc DRS Defense Solutions Electronic Warfare Associates, Inc. Elettronica, SpA Exelis General Dynamics Northrop Grumman Corporation Raytheon Company Rockwell Collins Saab TASC Thales Communications Thales Aerospace Division
INSTITUTE/UNIVERSITY Georgia Tech Research Institute Mercer Engineering Research Center MIT Lincoln Laboratory National EW Research and Simulation Center
GROUP
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
44
3dB Labs Inc. 453 EWS/EDW Research AAI Corporation Active Spectrum Inc. Advanced Concepts Advanced Testing Technologies Advanced Reconnaissance Corp. Aeronix Aethercomm, Inc. A.G. Franz, LLC Air Scan Inc. Akon, Inc. Alion Science and Technology Alpha Design Technologies Pvt. Ltd. American Systems AMPEX Data Systems Amplifier Technology Limited Anaren Microwave, Inc. Anatech Electronics Annapolis Micro Systems, Inc. Anritsu ApisSys SAS Applied Geo Technologies Applied Signal Technology ARC Technologies Solutions ARIEL Group, Inc. ARINC, Inc. Aselsan A.S. ATDI ATK Defense Electronic Systems Atkinson Aeronautics & Technology, Inc. Atos IT Solutions and Services AG Avalon Electronics, Inc. Azure Summit Technologies, Inc. Ball Aerospace Technologies Corp. B&Z Technologies, LLC Battlespace Simulations, Inc. Bharat Electronics Ltd. Blackhawk Management Corporation Blue Ridge Envisioneering, Inc.
Booz & Allen Hamilton CACI International CAE CAP Wireless, Inc. Ceralta Technologies Inc. Clausewitz Technology ClearanceJobs.com Cobham DES M/A-Com Cobham Sensor Systems Colorado Engineering Inc. Communications Audit UK Ltd. Comtech PST Concord Components Inc. CPI Crane Aerospace & Electronics Group CSIR CSP Associates Cubic Defense Curtiss-Wright Controls Embedded Computing CyberVillage Networkers Inc. DARE Electronics Inc. Dayton-Granger, Inc. dB Control Defence R&D Canada Defense Research Associates Inc. Delta Microwave DHPC Technologies, Inc. DRS Tactical Systems D-TA Systems, Inc. Dynetics, Inc. EADS Deutschland GmbH, Defense Electronics EADS North America Electro-Metrics Elektrobit Wireless Communications Ltd. Elisra Electronic Systems, Ltd ELTA Systems Ltd EM Research Inc. Empower RF Systems EMS Technologies Inc. Eonic B.V. ESL Defence Limited ESROE Limited Esterline Defense Group ET Industries ETM Electromatic Inc. e2v Aerospace and Defense, Inc. EW Simulation Technology Ltd EWA-Australia Pty Ltd. FEI-Elcom Tech, Inc. GBL Systems Gigatronics Inc. Herley CTI Hittite Microwave Honeywell International Huber + Suhner Hunter Technology Corp. Hutchins & Associates, Inc. Impact Cases Inc. Impact Science & Technology Impulse Technologies Inc. Information Warfare Technologies Innovationszentrum Fur Telekommunikation -stechnik GmbH (IZT) Integrated Microwave Technologies, LLC
ISPAS as ITCN, Inc. iVeia, LLC Jabil Circuit JB Management, Inc. JP Morgan Chase JT3, LLC Keragis Corporation KRYTAR, Inc. KMIC Technology KOR Electronics, Inc. L-3 Communications L-3 Communications-Applied Signal & Image Technology L-3 Communications Cincinnati Electronics L-3 Communications/ Randtron Antenna Systems LNX Corporation Lockheed Martin Lockheed Martin Aculight Corporation Logos Microwave Longmont Machining Lorch Microwave LS telcom AG MacAulay-Brown MANTECH Security Technologies Mass Consultants MC Countermeasures, Inc. MegaPhase Mercury Computer Systems Micro-Coax, Inc. Microsemi Corporation Micro Systems Midcon Cable Company MiKES Microwave Electronic Systems Inc. Miles Industrial Electronics Ltd. Milso AB MITEQ, Inc. The MITRE Corporation Modern Technology Solutions, Inc. MRSL Multiconsult Srl My-konsult New World Solutions, Inc. Nova Defence Nurad Technologies, Inc Ophir RF Inc. Optocon USA, Division of Impulse Orion International Technologies Overlook Systems Technology Overwatch Systems Ltd. Parker Aerospace (SprayCool) Peralex Phoenix International Systems, Inc. Plath, GmbH Protium Technologies, Inc. QUALCOMM Queued Solutions, L.L.C. Rafael-Electronic Systems Div. Research Associates of Syracuse, Inc. RF Simulation Systems Inc. Rheinmetall Air Defence AG Rising Edge Technologies Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG Rohde & Schwarz USA RUAG Holding
Science Applications International Corporation Scientific Research Corporation SELEX Galileo Inc. The Shephard Group Siemens IT Solutions and Services Sierra Nevada Corporation Sivers IMA AB Soneticom, Inc. SOS International SOURIAU PA&E Southern Marketing Associates, Inc. SpecPro-Inc. Spectranetix, Inc. Spectrum Signal Processing by Vecima SR Technologies SRC, Inc. SRCTec, Inc. SRI International STI Electronics, Inc. Strategic Influence Alternatives, Inc. Subsidium Sunshine Aero Industries SURVICE Engineering Co. Symetrics Industries, LLC Sypris Data Systems Systematic Software Engineering Systems & Processes Engineering Corp. SystemWare Inc. Tactical Technologies Inc. Tadiran Electronic Systems Ltd. TASC TCI International Tech Resources, Inc. Technical Information Products & Services LLC (TIPS) Technology Management Consultants TECOM Industries TEK Microsystems, Inc. Tektronix, Inc. Tektronix Component Solutions Teledyne Technologies Teleplan AS Teligy TERASYS Technologies, LLC TERMA A/S Thales Components Corp. Thales Homeland Security Times Microwave Systems TINEX AS TMD Technologies TRAK Microwave TriaSys Technologies Corp. Tri Star Engineering TRU Corporation Ultra Electronics Avalon Systems Ultra Electronics Telemus URS Corp. Vigilance VMR Electronics LLC W.L. Gore & Associates W5 Technologies, Inc. Wavepoint Research, Inc. Werlatone Inc. Wideband Systems, Inc. X-Com Systems ZETA Associates Zodiac Data Systems
Index
of ad ve r tise r s
Agilent Technologies Inc. ..............................www.agilent.com ............................... inside back cover JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense (ISSN 0192-429X), is published monthly by Naylor, LLC, for the Association of Old Crows, 1000 N. Payne St., Ste. 200, Alexandria, VA 22314-1652.
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense, c/o Association of Old Crows, 1000 N. Payne St., Ste. 300, Alexandria, VA 22314-1652. Subscription Information: Glorianne O’Neilin (703) 549-1600
[email protected]
Cobham Antenna Systems, ............................www.cobham.com .................................................... 27 Microwave Antennas Cobham Sensor Systems – Hunt Valley .........www.cobham.com/sensorsystems.............................. 29 Crane Aerospace & Electronics.......................www.craneae.com/electronics................................... 19 Electro-Metrics ...............................................www.electro-metrics.com ......................................... 42 Emhiser Research ..........................................www.emhiser.com .................................................... 10 Empower RF Systems, Inc. .............................www.empowerrf.com ................................................ 21 ETM Electromatic Incorporated .....................www.etm-inc.com .................................................... 18 EW Simulation Technology Ltd......................www.ewst.co.uk.........................................................5 GEW Technologies (PTY) Ltd .........................www.gew.co.za ..........................................................8 Hunter Technology Corp. ...............................www.hunter-technology.com .................................... 28 L-3 ASIT ..........................................................www.l-3com.com/asit ............................................... 30 MECA Electronics, Inc. ...................................www.e-meca.com .......................................................9 Mercury Defense Systems ..............................www.mrcy.com ..........................................................3 Mercury Systems ............................................www.mc.com ........................................................... 11 PLATH AG – Go2SIGNALS ...............................www.go2signals.ch .................................................. 26 Q-par Angus Ltd. ............................................www.q-par.com ........................................................ 42 Raytheon Company ........................................www.raytheon.com .......................... outside back cover Rohde & Schwarz ............................................www.rohde-schwarz.com .......................................... 13
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
Periodicals postage paid at Alexandria, VA, and additional mailing offices. Subscriptions: JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense, is sent to AOC members and subscribers only. Subscription rates for paid subscribers are $160 per year in the US, $240 per year elsewhere; single copies and back issues (if available) $12 each in the US; $25 elsewhere.
ATK Defense Electronics Systems ..................www.atk.com.................................... inside front cover – Woodland Hills
TECOM .............................................................www.tecom-ind.com................................................. 16 45
JED Sales
Offices
Naylor, LLC – Florida 5950 NW 1st Place Gainesville, FL 32607 Toll Free (US): (800) 369-6220 Fax: +1 (352) 331-3525 Project Manager: Jason White Direct: +1 (770) 810-6970
[email protected] Advertising Sales Representatives: Shaun Greyling Direct: +1 (352) 333-3385
[email protected] Erik Henson Direct: +1 (352) 333-3443
[email protected] Chris Zabel Direct: +1 (352) 333-3420
[email protected] Naylor – Canada 300 – 1630 Ness Ave. Winnipeg, MB Canada R3J 3X1 Toll Free (US): (800) 665-2456 Fax: +1 (204) 947-2047
Whether you’re in the office or on the go,
Stay on Top with eCrow
More than 13,000 subscribers trust eCrow to provide weekly updates on industry news, AOC events, new contracts and more. eCrow pushes up-to-date information to your inbox every Wednesday. View relevant news from any computer, tablet and most smart phones.
To read past issues or to subscribe, visit www.ecrow.org/newsletterArchive.asp
Official eNewsletter
JED
quick look
Details
The Journal of Electronic Defense | January 2013
46
Page #
Air Launched Integrated Countermeasure Expendable (ALICE) ............. 16 Alloy Surfaces, MJU-49/B flare contract............................................. 19 AMT Microwave, EW antennas ........................................................... 32 Antenna Authority, EW antennas ...................................................... 32 Antenna Research Associates, EW antennas ....................................... 32 Anti-Ship Missile threats .................................................................. 24 Applied EM, EW antennas.................................................................. 32 Aselsan, EW antennas....................................................................... 32 Astron Wireless Technologies, EW antennas........................................ 32 ATK, AAR-47 Missile Warning System contract ................................... 18 BAE Systems, ALE-55 contract ........................................................... 18 BAE Systems, flares and impulse cartridges contract .......................... 18 Barry Phelps, Empower RF ................................................................. 18 Boeing, Hornet upgrade for Switzerland............................................. 22 CAPT Douglas Small, US Navy ............................................................ 24 Chgendu SIWI Electronic Co, EW antennas.......................................... 32 Closed Loop IR Countermeasures (CLIRM) technology .......................... 29 Cobham Antenna Systems, EW antennas ............................................ 32 Cobham Defense Electronics, EW antennas ......................................... 32 COJOT-Oy, EW antennas .................................................................... 32 Curtiss-Wright Controls, US Marine Corps Ground/Air Task Oriented Radar (G/ATOR) contract ....................... 19 Dave Beard, Lockheed Martin ............................................................ 25 Dixie Crow Symposium, Call for Papers ............................................... 43 DOD Defense Science Board summer EW study .................................... 20 DRS ICAS, EW antennas..................................................................... 34 Elbit Systems, EW antennas .............................................................. 34 Electro-Metrics, EW antennas ............................................................ 34 ETS-Lindgren, EW antennas .............................................................. 34 Exelis Antenna Products, EW antennas .............................................. 34 Exelis, radar signal simulators contract.............................................. 18 First RF Corp, EW antennas ............................................................... 34 Frank Kendall, undersecretary of defense for acquisition, technology and logistics ............................................................. 20 FY2013 Defense Authorization Bill..................................................... 20 GEW Technologies, EW antennas ........................................................ 34 Greenwave Scientific, EW antennas ................................................... 34 Individual Counter Radio-Controlled Improvised Explosive Device Electronic Warfare Systems (ICREW) ............................................. 16 Infrared Systems and Countermeasures, part 2 ................................... 40 Integrated Topside (InTop) science and technology effort ................... 27 IR guided missile threats .................................................................. 40 Italian AOC EW Symposium ............................................................... 43 JEM Engineering, EW antennas.......................................................... 34 Joe Ottaviano, Lockheed Martin ........................................................ 25 Jon Jacocks, Empower RF .................................................................. 18 L-3 ASIT, EW antennas ...................................................................... 34 L-3 Linkabit, EW antennas ................................................................ 36
Details
Page #
L-3 Randtron, EW antennas ............................................................... 36 Lockheed Martin, F-16 FMS contract .................................................. 22 Lockheed Martin, SEWIP Block 2 ....................................................... 25 Lockheed Martin, SHIELDS contract .................................................. 29 Marty Hunter, Northrop Grumman ..................................................... 28 Mercury Systems, digital signal processing module contract ................ 19 Miniature Air Launched Decoy-Jammer (MALD-J) ............................... 16 Niitek, MBDA Italia contract ............................................................. 22 Northrop Grumman, InTop program ................................................... 27 NSWC Crane, RFI for EA payloads ....................................................... 16 ONR, BAA for new EW technology research ......................................... 15 Pat Antkowiak, Northrop Grumman ................................................... 28 Pharad, EW antennas ........................................................................ 36 Phoenix Air Group, Electronic Warfare Training (EWAT) program contract............................................................. 18 PLATH GmbH, EW antennas ............................................................... 36 Poynting Antennas, EW antennas...................................................... 36 Q-par Angus, EW antennas ................................................................ 36 RAF Spadeadam, new SA-6 radars for training .................................... 22 Raytheon UK, GPS Anti-Jam system contract ..................................... 22 Raytheon, HARM contract for US Air Force and multiple countries....... 19 Raytheon, SLQ-32 ............................................................................. 25 Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) maritime exercise ................................... 27 Rob Lauria, Empower RF ................................................................... 18 Rockwell Collins, EW antennas .......................................................... 36 Rohde & Schwarz, EW antennas ......................................................... 36 Saab, EW antennas ........................................................................... 36 Sagem, sale of IR detector technology to Sofradir ............................... 22 SAIC, AFRL contract for Blue Devil Block 1 ......................................... 19 Seqtor, EW antennas......................................................................... 38 SEWIP Block 3 RFP ........................................................................... 26 Shipboard Integrated Electro-Optic Defense Systems (SHIELDS) ........... 29 Sierra Nevada Corp, ICREW contract ................................................... 16 Sofradir, acquisition of IR detector technology from Sagem and Thales ................................................................ 22 Sofradir, IR detector contract from India ........................................... 22 Southwest Research Institute, EW antennas ....................................... 38 Straight Flush, ex-East German SA-6s ................................................ 22 Surface Electronic Warfare Improvement Program (SEWIP) .................. 25 TCI, EW antennas ............................................................................. 38 Technology Survey, EW, SIGINT and DF antennas ................................ 31 TECOM, EW antennas ........................................................................ 38 Thales, EW antennas......................................................................... 38 Thales, sale of IR detector technology to Sofradir ............................... 22 Tidewater Crows ............................................................................... 43 USMC EW Report to Congressional defense committees ........................ 20 Wojskowe Zadlady Uzbrojenia (WZU), SA-6 refurb for RAF Spadeadam ........................................................... 22
With more than 50 years of electronic warfare experience, BAE SYSTEMS is pleased to sponsor the JED Quick Look.
Tight quarterss, crowded condditions, no room for error. It’s all in a day’s work.
See how FieldFox measures up — watch the video. Scan the code or visit http://qrs.ly/r520pow
People count on you every day. And you can count on the compact Agilent FieldFox vector network analyzer (VNA). It’s a full 2-port VNA delivering the precise measurements you’ve come to expect from a benchtop unit, but in a kit-friendly 6.6 lb. package. So no space is too small to stop you from achieving big success.
Agilent and our Distributor Network Right Instrument. Right Expertise. Delivered Right Now. © Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2012
800-463-9275 www.newark.com/agilent
FieldFox Vector Network Analyzers Four models up to 26.5 GHz MIL-PRF-28800F Class 2 rugged Agrees with benchtop measurements 94 dB dynamic range
Learn about hassle-free calibration and more with our application note series www.newark.com/Agilent_FieldFox
NEXT GENERATION JAMMER
POWER YOU
CAN COUNT ON. Raytheon’s Next Generation Jammer weapon system brings game-changing AESA technology to the airborne electronic attack mission. It provides unmatched power to deny, degrade, disrupt and deceive enemy threats even in the most challenging anti-access and area denial environments.
Learn how Raytheon’s NGJ solution delivers 10 times the radiated power of older EA systems. Raytheon.com | Keyword: NGJ Follow us on:
© 2013 Raytheon Company. All rights reserved. “Customer Success Is Our Mission” is a registered trademark of Raytheon Company.