JED Magazine 2013-02

FEBRUARY 2013 Vol. 36, No. 2

SIGINT for

Special Mission Aircraft

Also in this issue: EW Careers: Riding Uncertainty

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February 2013 •

Volume 36, Issue 2

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News

EW Careers: Riding Out the Uncertainty 29

The Monitor 13 Army Defines New EW Planning and Management Tool Requirements. Washington Report 18 AOC Focuses on EW Advocacy With Renewed Government Affairs Initiative. World Report 19 SIGINT-Equipped EuroHawk Logs First Flight, Order from South Korea.

Features SIGINT For Special Mission Aircraft

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John Haystead and John Knowles

The demand for airborne SIGINT collection has been growing, and companies are leveraging new technologies and creating new solutions to meet the demand. Can SIGINT stay on top of the emitters?

Cover photo courtesy of PEO IEW&S, US Army.

Elaine Richardson

With sequestration on the way, uncertainty and confusion is driving much of the defense marketplace. JED takes a look at what this means for the employment prospects of current and incoming EW professionals, and offers some tips on how to keep yourself in the game as the rules keep changing.

Departments 6

The View From Here

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Conferences Calendar

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Courses Calendar

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From the President

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Book Review

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EW 101

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AOC News

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Index of Advertisers

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JED Quick Look

For EW T&E Ranges

MERTS and PRS Whether you need short, medium or long EW T&E ranges, EWST has the solution. MERTS and PRS systems are in service and deployed around the world.

24 USER COUNTRIES CAN’T BE WRONG! Herley-CTI 9 Whippany Road, Whippany , NJ, 07981 Tel: 973-884-2580 Email: [email protected]

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s JED was going to press, some of the top EW leaders in the DOD were scheduled to participate in an EW roundtable on the February 3 edition of This Week in Defense News. I am looking forward to watching the event because it includes an excellent line up: COL Jim Ekvall (US Army), Col James Pryor (US Air Force), CAPT Gregg Smith (US Navy) and LtCol Jason Schuette (US Marine Corps). I am always delighted when EW professionals have an opportunity to reach an audience beyond the EW community, and I applaud Vago Muradian for arranging an EW roundtable on his show. At the same time, however, this line-up of EW leaders illustrates one of the biggest challenges facing the EW community: among the Services, our most senior EW leaders are O-5s and O-6s. I should note that US Strategic Command has recently stood up a new Joint EMS Operations Organization with Brigadier General, Richard J. Evans, in command. This is a start, but it does not penetrate into the Services. Without more general officers leading at the top of its EW organizations, the US EW community will struggle to evolve at a time when US fighting forces are becoming more dependent on access to and control of the EM Domain. Why does EW need senior advocacy today? Aren’t we coming off of two wars in which EW was widely identified as a critical capability? Yes, we are, but those lessons will soon be forgotten or ignored without senior EW leaders who can reach into the DOD leadership on a daily basis. Today, EW leaders need to wait for an invitation in order to engage with the top levels of DOD leadership. Those invitations will become less frequent as NATO forces complete their withdrawal from Afghanistan and the DOD leadership focuses on austere budgets and tough program decisions over the next several years. Following the pattern of the 1990s, EW programs could go from “must have” status to “attractive bill payers” in just a few years. This summer marks the five-year anniversary of the Joint EW Center’s EW Capabilities Based Assessment (CBA), which identified 34 critical gaps across the DOD’s EW enterprise. The number one gap identified in this study: lack of senior leadership. Without senior leaders, EW will never achieve the kind of advocacy that its needs to address most of the other 33 gaps in the EW CBA. It is time for EW to make a leap forward and improve its standing in the DOD instead of languishing for another decade as it did in the 1990s. We need advocacy, and that means we need general officers in our senior leadership. – J. Knowles

FEBRUARY 2013 • Vol. 36, No. 2

EDITORIAL STAFF Editor: John Knowles Managing Editor: Elaine Richardson Senior Editor: John Haystead Technical Editor: Ollie Holt Contributing Writers: Dave Adamy, Barry Manz Marketing & Research Coordinator: Heather McMillen Sales Administration: Chelsea Johnston

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Mr. Tom Arseneault Vice President for Product Sector and Chief Technology Officer, BAE Systems Inc. Mr. Gabriele Gambarara Elettronica S.p.A. CAPT John Green Commander, EA-6B Program Office (PMA-234), NAVAIR, USN Mr. Micael Johansson Senior Vice President and Head of Business Area, Electronic Defence Systems, Saab Mr. Mark Kula Vice President, Tactical Airborne Systems, Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems Col Steve Ling Director, Joint Electronic Warfare Center, US Strategic Command LTC James Looney Chief, Electronic Warfare Division, Directorate of Training and Doctrine, Fires Center of Excellence, US Army CAPT Paul Overstreet Joint Strike Fighter Weapons System Program Manager, Naval Air Systems Command, USN Mr. Jeffrey Palombo Senior VP and GM, Land and Self-Protection Systems Division, Electronic Systems, Northrop Grumman Corp. Col Jim Pryor Chief, Electronic Warfare, Operational Capability Requirements Headquarters, USAF Mr. Steve Roberts Vice President, Strategy, Selex Galileo Mr. Rich Sorelle President, Electronic Systems Division, Exelis Gp Capt P.J. Wallace Chief of Staff, Joint Air Land Organisation, UK MOD Dr. Richard Wittstruck Director, System of Systems Engineering, PEO Intelligence, Electronic Warfare and Sensors, USA

PRODUCTION STAFF Layout & Design: Barry Senyk Advertising Art: Christina O’Connor Contact the Editor: (978) 509-1450, [email protected] Contact the Sales Manager: (800) 369-6220 or [email protected] Subscription Information: Please contact Glorianne O’Neilin at (703) 549-1600 or e-mail [email protected]. The Journal of Electronic Defense is published for the AOC by

Naylor, LLC 5950 NW 1st Place Gainesville, FL 32607 Phone: (800) 369-6220 • Fax: (352) 331-3525 www.naylor.com ©2013 Association of Old Crows/Naylor, LLC. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced by any means, in whole or in part, without the prior written authorization of the publisher. Editorial: The articles and editorials appearing in this magazine do not represent an official AOC position, except for the official notices printed in the “Association News” section or unless specifically identified as an AOC position. PUBLISHED FEBRUARY 2013/JED-M0213/8689

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MARCH

Aero India 2013 February 6-10 Bengaluru, India www.aeroindia.in

Dixie Crow Symposium 39 March 24-28 Warner Robins, GA www.dixiecrow.org

Navy League Sea-Air-Space April 8-10 National Harbor, MD www.seaairspace.org

AFA Air Warfare Symposium February 20-22 Orlando, FL www.afa.org

Langkawi International Maritime & Aerospace Exhibition (LIMA) March 26-30 Langkawi, Malaysia www.lima.com.my

LAAD Defence & Security 2013 April 10-12 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil http://laadexpo.com.br 2013 Palmetto Roost Cyber Defense Competition April 13-14 Charleston, SC www.palmettoroost.org AOC Capitol Club: EW Symposium – Onboard Countermeasures Technology April 17 Washington, DC http://aoccapitolclub.com/ SPIE Defense, Security and Sensing April 29-May 3 Baltimore, MD http://spie.org

MAY EW Symposium May 21-24 NAS Whidbey Island, WA

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

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AOC EW Europe 2013 May 28-30 Cologne, Germany www.crows.org

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IEEE International Microwave Symposium June 2-7 Seattle, WA www.ims2013.org AOC Kittyhawk Week June 3-6 Dayton, OH www.kittyhawkaoc.org

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4th Annual EW, IO and Cyber Capabilities Conference June 4-6 Charleston, SC www.crows.org

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Paris Air Show June 17-23 Paris, France www.paris-air-show.com

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Items in red denote AOC Headquarters or AOC Global Connections events. Items in blue denote AOC Chapter events.

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AOC EW Asia 2013 June 26-27 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia www.crows.org a

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EXHIBIT & SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES ●

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Don’t forget to reserve your booth space and sponsorship at the 50th Annual AOC International Symposium and Convention, October 27-30, 2013, in Washington DC! The Annual AOC International Symposium and Convention is the leading trade event of the global Electronic Warfare and Signals Intelligence market. Across the globe, governments spend more than $7 billion per year on EW and SIGINT equipment and services. How do companies (from systems manufacturers to subsystem and component suppliers) reach their customers in this unique market? They exhibit & sponsor at the AOC Convention!

BOOK YOUR BOOTH TODAY!

www.crows.org/conventions/ exhibit-information-2013.html

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The AOC is soliciting original, unclassified, technical papers for the 50th International Symposium and Convention to be held October 27-30, 2013 in Washington, DC

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Papers should follow the symposium theme: “Proud Legacy—Strong Future”

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Submission Deadline is May 15, 2013

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Submission Information: E-mail the following information to the AOC Convention Abstracts Review Committee at [email protected] —Title of proposed paper —Name of presenter and organization represented —One or two short paragraphs describing the scope of the paper —One or two short paragraphs describing the credibility of the presenter on this subject.

www.crows.org/conventions/call-for-papers-2013.html

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DRFM Executive Overview February 6 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu

Radar Cross Section Reduction March 11-13 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu

Introduction to Radar and Electronic Warfare February 12-15 Alexandria, VA www.crows.org

Aircraft Survivability March 11-15 Shrivenham, Oxfordshire, UK www.www.cranfield.ac.uk

EW and ISR Basics Short Course February 26-27 Warner Robins, GA

Modeling & Simulation of RF Electronic Warfare Systems March 19-22 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu

APRIL Fundamental Principles of Electronic Warfare April 9-12 Alexandria, VA www.crows.org

Essentials of 21st Century Electronic Warfare March 12-15 Alexandria, VA www.crows.org

Basic RF Electronic Warfare Concepts April 16-18 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) Technology April 16-18 Aurora, CO www.pe.gatech.edu Directed Infrared Countermeasures: Technology, Modeling and Testing April 16-18 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu Introduction to Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Concepts, Systems, and Test & Evaluation April 16-19 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu

10 The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

MAY Infrared Countermeasures May 7-10 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu Electronic Warfare – Communications May 14-16 Shrivenham, Oxfordshire, UK www.www.cranfield.ac.uk Developing Radio Frequency (RF) Prototype Hardware May 21-23 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu

JUNE Basic RF Electronic Warfare Concepts June 18-20 Las Vegas, NV www.pe.gatech.edu

JULY Basic RF Electronic Warfare Concepts July 30-August 1 Denver, CO www.pe.gatech.edu a

AOC courses are noted in red. For more info or to register, visit www.crows.org.

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EW EUROPE 2013 Advancing Electronic Warfare & Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations MAY 28-30 // COLOGNE, GERMANY Electronic Warfare Europe is an unrivalled forum discussing the latest in EW across land, maritime, air/ space and EM environments including capabilities such as ISTAR and SIGINT. Intelligence Workshop on May 28 (sponsored by Plath GmbH). EW Conference and Exhibition May 29-30, 2013. Future operations will be conducted in congested and contested environments across the spectrum of conflict in hot spots around the world – in cyberspace, counter-piracy, and against terrorism everywhere. The changes necessary to move from counter insurgency (COIN) to contingency operations will be a challenge especially for EW and EMO. Successive defense spending cuts have also created new challenges, yet the need for accurate and timely information has never been greater and the requirement to counter potential adversaries’ systems through EW is growing.

EW Europe gives you the opportunity to... + View the full capability of the international EW industry + Discover the latest developments in thinking, products and services - learn and take home new ideas that will improve performance + Touch and see the future of EW with the help of our international exhibitors + Make new contacts – It’s the major meeting point for the global EW industry at this time of year + Network with every element of the EW supply chain + Participate in information sharing + TO BE ON THE AGENDA! If you’re interested in being a speaker, the deadline for abstracts is March 1. Visit www.crows.org or www.eweurope.com for more information. With the widest ranging attendance of any EW gathering in the world and an exhibition showcasing the latest technology, tools and equipment all under one roof, this is an opportunity not to be missed.

WE WELCOME YOU TO COME AND MEET THE LEADERS A N D O P E R A T O R S A C R O S S G O V E R N M E N T, D E F E N S E A N D I N D U S T RY T H AT A R E S H A P I N G T H E F U T U R E O F E W.

LEARN MORE AT WWW.CROWS.ORG OR VISIT WWW.EWEUROPE.COM.

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TELL THE SPECTRUMINFORMATION STORY

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he AOC serves as the international advocate for electromagnetic spectrum operations and associated capabilities in all operational domains. It is important that every member leverage opportunities to tell the electronic warfare and electromagnetic spectrum operations story, particularly in today’s budget environment. While the formal AOC organization normally focuses on decision-makers in capital cities around the world, the AOC’s most effective tools to inform, educate and advocate in support of spectrum and information policy, plans and programs are its members. Chapters can organize events that bring together government and industry to collaborate on topics of mutual interest, and individual members can facilitate similar discussions in their own workplace. For maximum effectiveness, it is useful for AOC’s messages to be coherent and consistent, so facilitating their coordination is one of the most critical roles for the international organization. These messages are highlighted in Journal of Electronic Defense (JED) articles every month, and members can find these key messages readily available for their use on the AOC website. The board recently approved five overarching messages for AOC advocacy: Electronic Warfare (EW) and Electromagnetic Spectrum Ops (EMSO) are an increasingly important part of US and allied national security strategies. EW and EMSO capabilities are key enablers for all military operations, from irregular warfare to major combat campaigns. Military operations are increasingly dependent upon advanced technologies; but counter-capabilities are becoming available to a wide range of competitors. Relatively permissive spectrum environments have led to complacency about the need to resource EW. Freedom of Action is lost without proper EMS control. As spectrum and information professionals, these messages are obvious to us; however, they are not widely understood outside the AOC community. Therefore, it is important that every AOC member look for opportunities to inform, educate, and (where appropriate) advocate the critical importance of spectrum and information as a cornerstone of national security. Your own personal stories will carry more weight than any generic narrative. For example, you can explain how important spectrum control is to the counterIED effort. You can convey experiences where spectrum use by one military organization impeded another’s to the detriment of both. You can discuss competitor capabilities to inject false information through spectrum into radar, navigation, and communications systems, and highlight that most of these technologies can be readily purchased over the Internet. Almost every member can vividly describe the technology obsolescence on key electronic warfare platforms. To conclude, virtually all of us have experienced degraded capabilities due to loss of spectrum control. Tell your story, and ensure that your colleagues and representatives in government understand the importance of electromagnetic spectrum operations and the need to resource them properly! – Lt Gen Bob Elder, USAF (Ret.)

Association of Old Crows 1000 North Payne Street, Suite 200 Alexandria, VA 22314-1652 Phone: (703) 549-1600 Fax: (703) 549-2589 PRESIDENT Robert Elder VICE PRESIDENT Wayne Shaw SECRETARY Robin Vanderberry TREASURER Charles Benway AT-LARGE DIRECTORS Michael Oates David Hime Tony Lisuzzo Lisa Frugé Ron Hahn Robin Vanderbury Todd Caruso Vickie Greenier Paul Westcott REGIONAL DIRECTORS Southern: Wes Heidenreich Central: Joe Koesters Northeastern: Charles Benway Mountain-Western: John Wikheim Mid-Atlantic: Douglas Lamb Pacific: Joe Hulsey International I: Robert Andrews International II: Gerry Whitford IO: Al Bynum

AOC STAFF Jennifer Bahler Don Richetti Registrar Executive Director [email protected] [email protected] Mike Dolim Director, Education [email protected]

Keith Jordan IT Manager [email protected]

Shelley Frost Director, Logistics [email protected]

Glenda M. ReyesMontanez Business Manager reyes-montanez@ crows.org

Glorianne O’Neilin Director, Member Services [email protected] –––—Brock Sheets Director, Marketing [email protected] John Clifford Director, Global Programs [email protected] Stew Taylor Exhibits Manager [email protected] Tanya Miller Member and Chapter Support Manager [email protected]

Tasha Miller Membership Assistant [email protected] Miranda Fulk Logistics Coordinator [email protected] Lauren Stewart Logistics Coordinator [email protected] Bridget Whyde Marketing/ Communications Assistant [email protected]

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ARMY DEFINES NEW EW PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT TOOL REQUIREMENTS

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

The Army has released the request for proposals (RFP) for Increment 1 of its Integrated Electronic Warfare System (IEWS) Electronic Warfare Planning and Management Tool (EWPMT). Focused on the Brigade Combat Team (BCT), IEWS is intended to provide commanders from corps to company with an organic EW capability to control and exploit the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS). Specifically, the Increment 1, or EWPMT, component of IEWS will give the Army’s EW officers (EWOs) a powerful toolset to plan, coordinate, manage and de-conflict unit EW activities in support of maneuver operations. The EWPMT software will run on a laptop workstation within the Common Operating Environment (COE) Command Post Computing Environment (CPCE) and on one or more “presentation-layer widgets” running on client laptops linked via a Local Area Network (LAN). The system will use standardized infrastructure software and common software components. A government-supplied system internetworking specification will be used to communicate between separate EW control nodes and workstations as well as for communications with EW assets. The newly released specification focuses on Capability Drop (CD) 1 of the EWPMT requirement, which will comprise the system’s initial operational capability (IOC). CD1 provides software to integrate data for friendly, enemy, and non-aligned emitters; and for the planning and management of EW capabilities across the range of military operations. It also reduces the risk of electromagnetic fratricide by identifying potential frequency conflicts between friendly systems. The scope of the new capability envisioned for the EWPMT can be seen in the detailed performance characteristics and functions that must be met by the CD1 increment – in particular, the

13 amount and types of data to be collected, managed and integrated by the system. For example, the system must be able to import data from a wide range of government and DOD databases and in various military specification formats. These include digital terrain elevation data (DTED), light detection and ranging (LIDAR), terrain imagery and map data, spectrum data, electromagnetic operating environment (EMOE) data, as well as weather data from the Distributed Common Ground System (DCGS-A), including temperature, precipitation and wind data which are required inputs for operational planning and/or propagation modeling. The system must also have the capability to import air tasking orders

(ATO) published by the Air and Space Operations Center including EW platform information such as platform type, mission location, time on station, and asset(s) the EW platform is supporting. It will also import EW request forms including Joint Tactical Air Strike Request (JTASR) and Electronic Attack Request Forms (EARF) issued from lower and adjacent echelons. The EWPMT will also import friendly, enemy and neutral EW asset information including position/location, system capabilities, RF parameters, system availability information, and information on EW techniques. To aid EWOs in formulating electronic attack (EA) plans, the system will be interoperable with and able to import enemy target information, including target tracking information, from systems that publish to the data dissemination service (DDS) including Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and Below (FBCB2), Global Command and Control System – Army (GCCSA), Command Post of the Future (CPOF), Air and Missile Defense Workstation

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(AMDWS), Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System (AFATDS), as well as DCGSA enemy target information. Specific emitter data parameters for enemy emitters will be available to mission planners, including output power as a function of frequency and trans-

mit mode; peak antenna gain values, antenna pointing angle; peak effective radiated power (ERP); 3dB antenna beamwidth values; antenna polarization; in-band and out-of-band emitter spectrum characteristics; and modulation type. The system will also include

all available enemy receiver parameters, including sensitivity value; jammer-tosignal (J/S) threshold; IF filter data; and 1 dB saturation level. Included as part of its mission planning capabilities, the EWPMT will automatically identify threats (and the

ARMY ISSUES RFI FOR NEW UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEM EW CAPABILITIES The US Army Communications-Electronic Research, Development and Engineering Center (CERDEC), Intelligence and Information Warfare Directorate (I2WD) and Program Manager Electronic Warfare (PM EW) have issued a request for information (RFI) for unmanned aerial system (UAS) electronic warfare (EW) capabilities. The RFI is aimed at “determining what systems, capabilities and techniques currently exist, or could be modified, as well as longer term concepts, that can help provide Army commanders with organic UAS-based EW capabilities including potential surgical/targeted EW techniques (with emphasis on successful completion of an airborne electronic attack [AEA] mission).” The RFI requests information regarding the extent to which systems have been integrated, flight tested and evaluated for performance; technology and integration readiness levels; and descriptions of potential system CONOPS, mission scenario vignettes, and effective operational al-

titude/ranges taking into account the available power of Group 1 to 3 UAS platforms. It also seeks information on the techniques and technology to be utilized to mitigate out-of-band interference and de-conflict with use of Blue Force communication and intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) collection; as well as descriptions of methods and software tools used for command and control and monitoring of the payload via graphical user interfaces (GUI), the knowledge and experience of UAS payload ground control station (GCS) operations and processing exploitation and dissemination (PED) and how it relates to the EW officer. The solicitation number is: W15P7T-13-R-A211. The point of contact is William Taylor, e-mail: usarmy.APG.cerdec. [email protected]. The Army contracting office point of contact is Yanina Iantorno, (443) 861-4639. – J. Haystead

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MAJOR CONFLICTS WORLDWIDE: SOLDIERS IN ACTION: 530,000 ONE PARTNER FOR SECURITY SO SECURITY OF DEPLOYED FORCES. Wherever in the world, situations arise in which interventions inevitably have to be made and force has to be applied, all while trying to avoid collateral damage. Thousands of soldiers depend on the quality of their training and the reliability of their equipment. We are proud that partners around the globe have selected us for our outstanding capabilities to protect armed forces in these conĻict ]ones. www.cassidian.com

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ployments. It will allow EWOs to utilize “canned” scenarios and to create training scenarios to provide realistic and relevant training. Future EWPMT capability drops (2-6) will incorporate additional display capabilities, such as graphical display of friendly emitter interference, disruption, and degradation; allow EW personnel to transfer control of the EW mission resources to any echelon in order to provide backup support; provide the capability to conduct post mission analysis that will aid in determining mission accomplishment; provide the capability to rapidly reconfigure organic EW assets; and provide reprogramming of organic EW assets and the ability to provide immediate targeting information to fires and maneuver elements. Several companies, including BAE Systems, Exelis, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, and Raytheon have expressed interest in the EWPMT development program, which is valued at $97 million for the initial phase. Proposals for the EWPMT development contract are due February 4. – J. Haystead

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GLOBAL HORIZONS STUDY SEEKS REVOLUTIONARY TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS US Air Force Materiel Command has issued a request for information (RFI) for near-, mid- and far-term science and technology (S&T) research, operational concepts and mission support innovations for possible inclusion in its upcoming “Global Horizons Science and Technology” study. The Global Horizons study is aimed at the creation of “an integrated, Air Force-wide, S&T vision to advance revolutionary capabilities to support core Air Force missions,” including nuclear deterrence operations, air superiority, space superiority, cyberspace superiority, command and control (C2), global integrated intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (GIISR), global precision attack, Special Operations, rapid global mobility, personnel recovery and agile combat support (ACS). Revolutionary capabilities are defined as those “S&T areas that provide 10x to 100x, as opposed to incremental (<10x) performance improvements over the current state of the art.”

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

times and areas), where blue forces are vulnerable to EA, including radio controlled improvised electronic devices (RCIEDs) during planned missions. It will also compute alternative locations, frequencies, techniques, coverage and time requirements of organic EA assets in synchronization with friendly maneuver plans, as well as generate an EA plan that prioritizes high value targets. An important element of the CD1 capability is the identification of EMS conflicts and prevention of potential system degradation, or fratricide, of friendly forces using the Joint Restricted Frequency List (JFRL) when developing EW plans. The system will also be able to display simulated effects using defined measures of effectiveness (MOEs) and measures of performance (MOPs) to help predict mission outcome and conduct after-action reviews. Training is another important aspect of the Army’s EW mission, and the EWPMT will incorporate a training module to allow EW personnel to train both at home station and during de-

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To meet its objective of “assured global advantage across the air, space and cyberspace domains,” the Air Force has identified a number of specific technology areas that must be advanced. For the air domain, these include stealth, propulsion, air vehicle design and subsystem integration, test and evaluation in contested environments across the entire acquisition lifecycle, software for guidance, navigation and control as well as electronic warfare, secure air-to-air and air-to-

ground communications and data links, advanced communications and datalinks for network-enabled weapons, anti-tamper technologies, self-protection and warning, encryption, survivability against high power microwave (HPM) or directed energy threats, autonomous operations, intelligent sensors, and the entire logistics systems. For space, they include space launch, space born segments (including space-to-surface ISR), satellite ground control and data processing systems,

Wherever they go, there you are.

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and end user receiving systems. And, in the cyber domain, the Air Force is interested in S&T and operational support innovations that can assure missions, dynamically map cyberspace with critical mission functions and provide integrated mission/cyber situation awareness, including timely indications and warning. Analysis of commercial off-the-shelf technologies (COTS) to assess threats and vulnerabilities is also of interest, as are linkages between cyber and intelligence along with capabilities for the command and control of cyber assets. The Air Force is also interested in integrated, full spectrum solutions to include cross-domain command, control, communications, cyber, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (C4ISR) and mission support/sustainment; with special interest in S&T that can provide “game changers that will revolutionize multiple classes of USAF operations or missions (e.g., autonomy promises cost, speed, and accuracy improvements across C2, ISR, and many operations in air, space, and cyberspace.)” The solicitation number is: RFIRIK-13-01. The submission deadline is February 15. The primary point of contact is Lynn G. White, e-mail: Lynn. [email protected]. Phone: (315) 330-4996.

ARMY PLANS UPGRADE TO TRAINING CENTER SPECTRUM MONITORING SYSTEM

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8/2/12 11:32:31 AM

The US Army Program Executive Office for Simulation, Training and Instrumentation (PEO STRI) has issued an RFI for market research aimed at life-cycle replacement of the current Spectrum Monitoring and Engineering Control System (SMECS) located at the National Training Center (NTC), Fort Irwin, CA. The SMECS monitors, measures and records all relevant NTC electromagnetic emissions that may interfere with the NTC or other signals in the surrounding area. The effort includes the procurement and installation of hardware and software components for continuous monitoring of the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) and direction finding (DF) of basic electromagnetic radiation parameters, as well as initial spares, New

t h e

✪ ✪ ✪ Raytheon-BBN (Cambridge, MA) is being awarded an indefinite deliveryindefinite quantity (IDIQ), sole-source contract for the manufacturing, testing, and delivery of an Acoustic Hostile Fire Indicator (A-HFI) system by the US Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), Technology Applications Contracting Office (TAKO). The A-HFI will be integrated into existing SOAR(A) aircraft including the ARSOA AASE suite and CAAS mission computer system.

✪ ✪ ✪ X-COM Systems (Reston, VA) has been awarded a $3.5 million Firm Fixed Price contract by the Army Contracting Command Installation Division for a mobile and transportable RF recording/direction finding system and eight fixed-site spectrum monitoring and geo-locating system. The system will be provided to the US Army Aberdeen Test Center (ATC), at Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. The eight fixed site nodes will be capable of monitoring the RF spectrum coverage envelope (10 MHz to 18 GHz), with a selectable RF bandwidth of up to at least 20 MHz. The mobile platform will be able to autonomously determine the direction to and location of many types of conventional

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emitters of interest operating within the required coverage envelope (50 MHz to 18 GHz) using angle of arrival (AOA) methodology.

✪ ✪ ✪ Northrop Grumman (Rolling Meadows, IL) has been awarded $7.2 million by Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) to exercise an option on a previously awarded firm fixed price contract to procure 40 sensors, 20 upgrade processors and associated technical data in support of the advanced threat missile warning (ATW) system, a subsystem of the Department of Navy Large Aircraft Infrared Countermeasures (LAIRCM) system.

✪ ✪ ✪ BAE Systems (Nashua, NH) has received a $50.8 million firm fixed price contract from Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) for the procurement of full rate production lots 2 through 6 for the AN/ALE-55 Fiber Optic Towed Decoy (FOTD) and electronic frequency converter (EFC) systems for the Integrated Defensive Electronic Countermeasures (IDECM) Radio Frequency Countermeasure (RFCM) program. The contract will consist of a base year with four options. Base year quantities are 46 EFCs and 282 FOTDs. a

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

Equipment Training (NET) and integration/testing support. The SMECS is comprised of two elements. The Real Time Monitoring Frequency (RTMF) component consists of two remote, fixed-site locations controlled from a central Spectrum Management Facility via fiber-optic link through the Range Monitoring and Control Subsystem (RMCS). The RTMF continuously monitors the electromagnetic environment over the 20-MHz to 40-GHz frequency range. The second DF component, covering the 20-MHz to 3-GHz frequency range, is also composed of two remote, fixed-site locations controlled via the RMCS together with a mobile system installed in a NTC G6 HMMWV (V-30B) communications shelter. The project office is seeking contractors with existing fielded capabilities currently in use in a military/government operational/training environment supporting the same or similar requirements, and able to show evidence of being capable of meeting a 12-monthafter-contract-award delivery schedule, with no development funding provided. A draft set of technical documents and draft acquisition strategy information is expected to be released in February, followed by an RFP in March, and contract award in June. The solicitation number is: W900KK13RFISMECS. The point of contact is Christopher Camp, (407) 208-3373, e-mail: [email protected]. mil. The technical point of contact is Frank Lumley, e-mail: Frank.Lumley@ us.army.mil. – J. Haystead

m o n i t o r

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IN BRIEF Cobham (Lansdale, PA) has been awarded a $31.7 million contract by Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) for additional AN/ALQ-99 low band transmitters (LBTs) for US Navy and Marine Corps EA-6B and EA-18G electronic attack aircraft. The contract funds the sixth full-rate production lot, and includes the first installment of a two-part procurement for the Royal Australian Air Force, which is buying 12 EA-18Gs. The award brings the total number of ALQ-99 LBTs ordered to 314, with 230 units delivered to date. 620870_Plath.indd 1

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washing t on repor t AOC FOCUSES ON EW ADVOCACY WITH RENEWED GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS INITIATIVE

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

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The AOC has re-energized its government affairs program to help the EW community successfully navigate anticipated DOD budget cuts and introduce EW to a new freshman class of Congressmen and staffers on Capitol Hill. The US Government has demonstrated a strong focus on EW over the past year. The Government Accountability Office released two EW reports (GAO-12-479 and GAO-12-175), US Strategic Command has established the Joint Electromagnetic Operations (JEMSO) office and the OSD has tasked the Defense Science Board to address “21st Century Military Operations in a Complex Electromagnetic Environment” in its 2013 summer study. The AOC’s Government, Industry and Public Relation (GIPR) Committee, led by AOC board members Paul Westcott and Ron “Fog” Hahn, is engaging with several Government organizations and offices to help build a better understanding of EW and EMS operations. The main AOC messages in this effort are: 1) EW and EMSO are an increasingly important part of US and allied national security strategies; 2) EW capabilities are key enablers for all military operations, from irregular warfare to major combat campaigns; 3) Military operations are increasingly dependent upon advanced technologies; but counter-capabilities are becoming available to a wide range of competitors; and 4) Relatively permissive electromagnetic operational environments have led to complacency about the need to resource EW. The bottom line message is, “Freedom of action is lost without proper EMS control.” In 2013, the AOC will focus on supporting and strengthening ties with the Congressional EW Working Group (EWWG). The AOC plans to encourage members of Congress with EW interests to join the EWWG; facilitate engagements between EWWG members and EW experts from DOD, think tanks and industry; and re-start the Capitol Hill Round-Up. – J. Knowles

DOD READIES STTR SOLICITATION The DOD has issued a pre-solicitation list of technology study areas of interest to potentially receive 9-month Phase 1 Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) contracts. The Department issues two STTR solicitations annually. Each contract award has a maximum value of $150,000. The formal solicitation release date will be February 25, 2013 with proposals due February 27. Solicitation topics provided by the Air Force include: “Decision Making under Uncertainty for Dynamic Spectrum Access.” The objective of this project is to research, develop, and evaluate

innovative algorithms and technologies to enhance performance of Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) decision making in conditions of uncertainty, such as non-existent spectrum usage data, unknown antenna side-lobe patterns, and incomplete available satellite or earth station data set. The technical point of contact is Robert Bonneau, Phone: (703) 696-9545, e-mail: [email protected]. Topics provided by the Navy include “Low-Cost-By-Design Mid-Wave Infrared Semiconductor Surface Emitting (SE) Lasers.” The objective is to develop an innovative low-cost-bydesign, power-scalable, chip-based platform solution that enables high-power surface emission from a single aperture with outstanding beam quality from either a single SE quantum cascade laser (QCL) or monolithic coherently, or spectrally beam-combined, SE QCL array at approximately 4.5 μm range. The technical point of contact phone number is: (760) 939-0239. Also: “Gallium Nitride (GaN)-based High Efficiency Switch/ Transistor for L-Band RF Power Amplifier Applications.” The objective is to develop a Gallium Nitride (GaN)-based high efficiency switch/transistor and demonstrate a high efficiency (>90% power added efficiency) solid state RF Power amplifier for the replacement of L-band radar vacuum electronic (VE) tube sources. The technical point of contact is: Paul Maki; email: [email protected]. Also: “Wide Spectral Band Laser Threat Sensor.” The objective is to develop a large dynamic range passive sensor capable of identifying and localizing laser sources over a wide spectral band from 500 nm to 11 μm. The sensors should be capable of sensing irradiance levels from 1 mW/cm2 to 2 kW/cm2 with threat localization accuracy of one degree or better with a near hemispherical field of regard. The technical point of contact is: Lewis Desandre; e-mail: [email protected]. Army topics include: “Solar-blind (Be, Mg) ZnO Photodetectors (260-285 nm wavelengths).” The objective is to develop ZnO based UV photodetectors for the solar-blind detection window of 265-280 nm for various military applications. Absorption data, contact resistance data, and p-doping should be measured and included in reports. The technical point of contact is: Michael Gerhold; Phone: 919-549-4357; e-mail: [email protected]. Also: “Advanced Spectrally Selective Materials for Obscurant Applications.” The objective is to develop a spectrally selective obscurant that can effectively block one area of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum while allowing other areas to pass through. Specific regions of interest are defined by Visible, 0.4 to 0.7 um; Near Infrared, 0.7 – 1.2 μm; Short Wave Infrared (SWIR), 1.5-2 μm; Mid Infrared, 3.0 – 5.0 μm; and Far Infrared, 8.0-12 μm. The technical point of contact is: Jim Shomo; Phone: (410) 436-3047; e-mail: Jim.Shomo@ us.army.mil. – JED Staff a

world repor t SIGINT-EQUIPPED EUROHAWK LOGS FIRST FLIGHT, ORDER FROM SOUTH KOREA This unmanned SIGINT capability is attractive to a number of nations with regional security concerns, including the Republic of Korea. In late December, South Korea requested the purchase of four RQ-4 Block 30 (I) Global Hawks from the US via Foreign Military Sales channels, including equipment, parts, training and logistical support with an estimated cost of $1.2 billion. Korea’s Global Hawk request included Raytheon’s Enhanced Integrated Sensor Suite (EISS) which includes an electro-optic/infrared camera, cloud-penetrating synthetic aperture radar antenna with a ground moving target indicator, mission control element, launch recovery element, SIGINT package and imagery intelligence exploitation. The request noted South Korea’s specific need for the intelligence and surveillance capabilities to assume primary responsibility for intelligence gathering for the US-led Combined Forces Command starting in 2015. – E. Richardson

IN BRIEF

❍ Thales (Paris, France) has opened a Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Radar and Integrated Sensors in Singapore. The center represents a cooperative effort between the company’s operations in the Netherlands and Singapore and has a mission to increase the amount and speed of innovation in naval radar and integrated sensors by performing research and technology with Singapore’s research institutes, industry and defense organizations. The CoE also aims to accelerate solutions development and strengthen skill-sets in Singapore by developing local engineers. ❍ India, whose representatives were in Paris last month as part of ongoing contract negotiations for 126 French-made Rafale fighter jets to fill its medium multi-role combat aircraft (MMRCA) need, is considering an additional 63 jets for the program, according to published reports. The Rafale, made by Dassault Aviation, has seen increased attention with France’s operations in Mali last month. The aircraft was selected by India in January 2012 as the preferred solution to fill India’s fighter

jet replacement requirement. The original deal for 126 aircraft is worth about $11 billion. This total would increase by another $6 billion if the additional 63 aircraft are bought. The addition would offer a financial boost to France’s defense industry, though due to the terms of the contract, much of it would be shared with India, as only the first 18 aircraft would be manufactured in France and the next 108 would be assembled by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. (HAL) in Bangalore. The first aircraft are scheduled for delivery three years after the contract is signed, though negotiations are still occurring. The Rafale is also in the running for several other fighter programs, including those in Brazil, Canada, Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates. ❍ NIITEK (Dulles, VA) has won part of a contract to supply its groundpenetrating-radar-equipped Husky Mounted Detection System to the Spanish Army. The $20 million contract was awarded to a consortium that includes Critical Solutions International (CSI), maker of the Husky 2G, a two-seat variant of the

HUSKY, and Eleycon 21, a Spanish based company representing NIITEK and CSI in Spain. The Husky system detects buried mines and other objects, and is used extensively in Afghanistan for route clearance. Under the contract, NIITEK will receive $4.8 million to deliver six ground penetrating radar systems. ❍ Saab (Järfälla, Sweden) has received an order worth about SEK 100 million from AugstaWestland for an undisclosed number of its Integrated Defensive Aids Suites (IDAS). The deal also includes integrated electronic surveillance payloads (ESP) to provide direction finding and emitter location. IDAS combines radar warning, laser warning and missile approach warning sensors and cues the BOP-L countermeasures dispenser. The ESP adds a lightweight electronic intelligence system for use in situational awareness, threat geolocation and emitter identification. Development and production will take place at Saab’s facilities in Järfälla and at Saab Grintek in Centurion, South Africa. Deliveries are scheduled for 2013-2015. a

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

Last month, Northrop Grumman and Cassidian conducted the first full system test flight of the EuroHawk unmanned aircraft system (UAS), at Manching Air Base in Germany. The two companies are developing the EuroHawk, which is equipped with a Cassidian-developed SIGINT suite, for the Luftwaffe. The flight test flight is a milestone for the RQ-4E EuroHawk program, the international variant of Northrop Grumman’s RQ4B Global Hawk. The EuroHawk’s SIGINT suite, which is fitted in the main fuselage and in six under-wing pods, performs both ELINT and COMINT collection. The system also includes a SIGINT ground station, also supplied by Cassidian, which receives the EuroHawk’s ELINT and COMINT data and performs further processing, analysis and dissemination. It is intended as a cost-effective replacement for Germany’s fleet of manned Breguet Atlantic SIGINT aircraft, which were retired in 2010 after more than 30 years of service. But, no timeframe for the Euro Hawk to begin operations has been announced.

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By John Haystead and John Knowles

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

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Back in 1996, the US Army began formulating an acquisition plan to replace its fleet of RC-12 Guardrail signals intelligence (SIGINT) aircraft and its smaller fleet of RC-7 Airborne Reconnaissance Low (ARL) intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) aircraft. At the time, the RC-12 was the corps commander’s SIGINT workhorse, capable of performing communications intelligence (COMINT), direction finding (DF) and electronic intelligence (ELINT). The most advanced RC-7 – the ARLMultifunction (ARL-M) – had a limited COMINT and DF capability that was used to cue the EO/IR sensors and the synthetic aperture radar (SAR). This multiINT sensor suite made these aircraft extremely valuable to commanders, who were becoming ever hungrier for tactical visual imagery. The Army’s plan was to replace these two aircraft types with a single multiINT model that combined the RC-12’s SIGINT capabilities with the RC-7’s EO/ IR and SAR characteristics. The new aircraft, known as the Aerial Common Sensor (ACS), would feature new SIGINT, electro-optic and infrared (EO/IR), synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and moving target indicator (MTI) sensors, with the possible addition of a hyperspectral sensor in a future spiral. The ACS was to send intercept data, via a satellite communications link, to US-based intelligence organizations. Other SIGINT data, such as emitter location and identification information would be downlinked to in-theater intelligence processing stations for dissemination to ground commanders. According to the Army’s plan at the time, all of the RC-7s and RC-

12s would eventually be retired as the ACS fleet grew to full strength. However, the original ACS program hit a snag in 2001 when the aircraft’s COMINT payload, the Joint SIGINT Avionics Family Low-Band Subsystem (JSAF LBSS) ran into problems during development. The JSAF LBSS was being developed by the Air Force as a joint service solution for a number of SIGINT aircraft programs, and the US Army had some of

the most demanding COMINT requirements that the LBSS would need to meet. The cancelation of the LBSS program forced ACS back to the drawing board in 2002. The delay brought new political pressure for a joint Army-Navy ACS program and a subsequent compromise to use a business jet platform that could offer longer range and more onstation time than the Army requirement specified. By 2004, the Army and Navy

provide near-real-time, detailed battlefield information to brigade-level tactical forces, day or night in all weather conditions. EMARSS aircraft, designated MC-12S, are modified Hawker Beechcraft King Air 350ERs. Among its onboard sensors, the EMARSS carries a Wescam MX-15 EO/IR full-motion video system and a signals intelligence SIGINT system connected by satellite datalink to the Army’s ground-based intelligence database, or Distributed Common Ground System – Army (DCGS-A). The EMARSS platforms will also be equipped with an aerial precision guidance system, tactical communications suites, operator workstations and a self-protection suite. The original EMARSS requirement was for 36 aircraft, and the EMD contract was awarded to Boeing in December of 2010. The contract included the initial four EMD aircraft as well as an option for two additional EMD aircraft and two further options for four and then two additional LRIP aircraft, providing for a potential total of 12 aircraft. That procurement goal seemed to be cut down in February 2012, when the Army released its 2013 budget proposal that did not ask for funding beyond the initial four aircraft. The Army now hopes to buy additional EMARSS aircraft, but its plans are in limbo due to ongoing DOD budget uncertainty and the possibility of severe budget cuts over the next decade. According to LTC Dean Hoffman, EMARSS Product Manager within PEO Intelligence EW & Sensors (IEW&S), “EMARSS is a funded Army program of record, with funding provided in the FY2013 Presidential budget to complete four EMD models.” A further $70.6 mil-

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

had selected a Lockheed Martin team, which had proposed an Embraer ERJ 145 jet to carry the various sensors and several mission crew members that would operate from on-board workstations, as they do on the Navy’s EP-3E Aries aircraft. This time around, however, the contractor team could not fit the multiINT mission suite into the aircraft, and the ACS procurement was cancelled in early 2006. This drove the Army to pur-

sue a new round of RC-12 upgrades in order to maintain its SIGINT capability, part of which resulted in the RC-12X aircraft the Army is using today. However, the goal of fielding a new multi-INT aircraft was not dead. In fact, by the time the Army cancelled the ACS in 2006, the fight against remote controlled improvised explosive devices (RCIEDs) in Iraq and Afghanistan was at its peak and would show how critical the Army’s multi-INT airborne ISR requirement was. That year, the DOD stood up Task Force ODIN (Observe, Detect, Identify, Neutralize) to take on the challenge of finding, tracking and killing the networks of insurgents who were building, burying and detonating the IEDs. The Army and Air Force rapidly modified a variety of manned and unmanned aircraft and fitted them with different combinations of SIGINT, EO/IR and SAR payloads. Hawker Beechcraft RC-12s were modified into ISR variants such as the Aerial Reconnaissance Multi-Sensor (ARMS) and Medium Altitude Reconnaissance and Surveillance System II (MARSS II). The Air Force also fielded the Project Liberty MC-12W aircraft, which was fitted with COMINT and EO/IR sensors. These aircraft, along with other ODIN assets that could track and engage insurgents, helped prevent many RCIED attacks that were being planned and also helped to take the RCIED fight into the insurgents’ networks. Out of this experience, a new program evolved known as the Enhanced Medium Altitude Reconnaissance and Surveillance System (EMARSS). EMARSS is an airborne intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance platform intended to

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lion for the purchase of two additional EMD aircraft is in the works, although it depends on Congress passing a defense budget for FY2013. According to Lieutenant Colonel Hoffman, “the current intent is to be ready to execute a Milestone C review sometime in mid FY2014. We’ve already done a lot of upfront risk reduction on the platform and program, including testing at our Joint Test and Integration Facility (JTIF) [at Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD]. We’ve been able to demonstrate our ability to integrate our sensors into the DCGS-A architecture, which is critical to making sure that the platform will meet the G-2’s 2020 vision of maximizing capabilities by integrating multiple ISR sensors into the intelligence architecture to enhance awareness.” As far as the longer term prospects for the program, though the FY2014 Presidential Budget has not yet been released to Congress, LTC Hoffman observes that “there is, based on analysis of requirements, still a strong requirement for ISR support in the future, especially from the G-2, so we do believe that

once this budget is released, that there will be a future for the program.”

CHOICES AND TRADE-OFFS The US Army’s experience with the ACS and EMARSS programs shows how difficult it can be to advance airborne ISR capability. However, it also serves to highlight the complex choices and trade-offs for any buyer – even an experienced ISR customer like the US Army – that is trying to acquire an advanced airborne SIGINT capability. Today’s airborne ISR market offers a wide range of options, but the growing list of choices can seem daunting. Manned or unmanned aircraft? Onboard and/or off-board information processing? Payload weight? Range, dash speed and on-station time? Dedicated SIGINT aircraft or multi-mission? Will the SIGINT system be used to intercept, collect and record radar and communications transmissions? Will it be used to identify and geolocate emitters? If so, will geolocation be done via multiple aircraft in a networked constellation or with a single aircraft?

For each of these choices, the menu of options is growing because of technology advances in several areas, including new aircraft types, especially UAVs; the evolution of open architectures in mission systems; smaller SIGINT systems, EO/ IR sensors and radars; robust datalinks; and multi-purpose operator consoles, to name a few. “The integration of SIGINT systems onto all types of platforms has actually become easier due to the fact that the sensors that are available today are smaller, lighter and use less power, which all place less requirements on the airborne platform,” says Christo Pelster, director of SIGINT Business Development for Saab’s Security and Defense Solutions Business Area. “The availability of broadband encrypted data links also

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

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NOMINATIONS FOR THE 2013 AOC BOARD OF DIRECTORS Each year AOC’s membership determines the future of the association by electing representatives to its Board of Directors. Nominations for the 2013 election are being accepted now. The deadline is March 1. The election will begin on July 1, 2013 and will end on July 31, 2013.

chapters across the world and meeting with leaders in the Electronic Warfare community. This is a significant but rewarding commitment. The 2013 election slate will also include three At Large Director positions. At Large directors serve a three-year term. In addition, Regional Directors will be elected for three-year terms from the International I, International II and Information Operations Regions. If you want to nominate for than one person, please duplicate the form.

The 2013 election slate will include the position of President-Elect, who will serve as Vice President in 2014 and as President in 2015. The AOC

Nomination packets must be received at AOC headquarters by close-of-

President appoints the Association’s Secretary and Treasurer, presides over

business on March 1, 2013. Nomination Forms are also available on the AOC

the Board of Directors and Executive Committee and appoints committee

website at www.crows.org or by contacting Glenda Reyes-Montanez at

chairs. The President is also the AOC’s primary spokesperson, visiting AOC

[email protected].

For any questions or assistance, please contact: GLENDA REYES-MONTANEZ // AOC Election Coordinator Office: (703) 549-1600 // Fax: (703) 549-2589 // Email: [email protected]

needs. In mid-2012, Italy opted for a Dragon ISR service contract that provides Lockheed Martin’s Airborne MultiINT Laboratory (part of the DragonStar variant) which affords more time for the Italian Air Force to pursue a longer-term SIGINT solution to replace its G.222 SIGINT aircraft. Rockwell Collins is supplying a portion of the COMINT suite in this program. Saab’s AIRTRACER family is a SIGINT solution that provides COMINT across the 2- to 3000-MHz range and ESM/

ELINT from 0.5 to 40 GHz, with the option to extend coverage up to 40 GHz. AIRTRACER is hosted on a Saab 2000 aircraft (and can be adapted to other aircraft types), providing six operator stations. Another version, AIRTRACER Flex, configures the mission suite in a roll-in/roll-out “crew cabin” for temporary installation onboard a transport aircraft. AIRTRACER Lite and AIRTRACER Compact are configured as SIGINT add-ons to special mission aircraft that have limited SIGINT capabilities.

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

allows on-board operators and mission consoles to be exchanged for extra fuel, thereby extending mission durations for smaller platforms.” The once expensive task of integrating new ISR sensors into a mission system also is becoming easier, as expensive and inflexible proprietary system architectures are being replaced by more flexible approaches. “System scalability is an import aspect of new system designs,” says John Payne, president of Esterline’s Eclipse Electronic Systems, which makes COMINT receivers. “Improvements in high-speed data interconnections over 10- and 40-Gig Ethernet now allow the “front ends” of sensor systems to be decoupled from high-performance sensor data processing.  Thus, for SIGINT, RF components can be located wherever they need to be for optimum performance, and processing can be located wherever is best for a given system, all connected by IP LAN. It’s easy to conceive of aircraft reconfigurable for SIGINT by installing standard (size and footprint) pods with antennas and RF gear and 19-in. rollaboard racks for onboard processing. Also, wireless system interconnection feasibility is being demonstrated on most domestic airlines every day with WiFi available to passengers. Open standards defining hardware and software system components are vital to ensure interoperability between various system configurations targeted to a specific class of aircraft. And, it’s important to understand that many of these open standards are driven more from the commercial communications and entertainment markets versus internally by the defense market.” These trends are enabling some airborne ISR providers to create a diverse range of solutions. Lockheed Martin’s Dragon ISR family and Saab’s AIRTRACER family are two such examples. The Dragon ISR family includes six configurations that range from the top-end Dragon Scout, which can be hosted on a large business aircraft, to the roll-on/ roll-off Dragon Shield palette, to the Dragon Star, which can be integrated into a pod. The company even provides Dragon ISR solutions as a contracted service to governments with short-term

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1/11/13 3:24:48 PM

THE EVOLVING SIGNALS ENVIRONMENT While the menu of airborne SIGINT solutions is growing, the ever evolving signals environment is presenting its own daunting set of challenges. “As always, the SIGINT community absolutely must keep pace with the commercialmarkets-driven explosion in both number and bandwidth in consumer mobile communications,” says Payne. “That market is expanding into higher frequency bands as well as use of technologies such as higher level QAM and MIMO to increase effective data bandwidth. The good news is the component and signal processing technologies supporting this commercial technology growth are available for adaptation to SIGINT. The challenge is programs must be structured both technically and administratively for rapid and near continuous capability upgrades to meet rapidly evolving needs.” Others, like Christo Pelster, agree. “The technology used in SIGINT sensors significantly benefits from commercially driven applications such as mobile te-

lephony and data services,” he explains. “High performance Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have become readily available in the last decade addressing the need to process large amounts of intercepted signal data in real-time. Very high rate analog-to-digital converters that are available today have moved the demodulation and processing functions of receivers closer to the antenna system to the extent that direct sampling receivers or digital down converters (DDCs) can be implemented. Furthermore, the flexibility offered by firmware updates that can be performed with ease ensures that SIGINT sensor systems are future proof against a continuously evolving signal environment.”

SIGINT FOR MULTI-INT The market’s shift toward specifying multi-INT suites for tactical ISR aircraft is not a passing trend. “Tactical systems with SIGINT-cued EO/IR have proven significantly superior to systems with stand-alone capabilities,” says Payne. MULTI-INT systems will evolve toward architectures which take advantage of

continuous “Moore’s Law” driven improvements, such as commodity, high -performance, multi-core, commercial processors, by decoupling high performance processing from sensors that generate large amounts of data.” EO/IR systems often include a variety of sensor capabilities, such as highresolution IR sensors, HD full-motion video and daylight EO cameras that can zoom from wide-angle views over an entire city or neighborhood to highresolution close-up imagery that can reveal the numbers of a license plate on a car. Often, the challenge for EO/ IR sensor operators is to know where to point these “soda straw” sensors. By detecting and locating emitters, SIGINT sensors can help cue EO/IR sensors to a specific location. “SIGINT is one of the

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

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broad-field-of-regard sensors,” explains Chris Michalski, ISR Technical Director at Mercury Defense Systems (Chelmsford, MA). “It’s not looking through a soda straw, like an EO sensor. SAR is a little bit wider, but SAR has to be directed, as well.” Because of this, he said, “SIGINT gives you a great cueing ability for all of the other sensors on board.”

GAINING A BETTER SENSE OF DIRECTION

has, until recently, been difficult. Most of the tactical SIGINT data collected today comes from manned ISR aircraft and larger UAVs, such as the RQ-4 Global Hawk and MQ-9 Reaper, which carry the Airborne SIGINT Payload, and the MQ-1C Gray Eagle, which will soon carry the Tactical SIGINT Payload housed in a pod. These aircraft are tasked on a variety of missions for division commanders and higher, and they typically are not able to provide real-time SIGINT support directly to a small unit.

Cobham Antenna Systems, Microwave Antennas Specialist Antenna Design and Manufacture Ultra Wideband Antennas for Defense The most important thing we build is trust

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The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

Aside from its role in cueing other sensors in a multi-INT suite, tactical SIGINT is gaining new appreciation from ground units as a situational tool for the soldier. “SIGINT in the past has been kind of an SCI-level problem. And it’s only been done by the really big platforms with really expensive systems,” explains Mercury’s Michalski. “One of the areas that we have been looking at is trying to extend the directionfinding capabilities of the big systems down to the smaller platforms that are Shadow-sized and Tiger Shark-sized.” These smaller platforms fly much closer to the emitters and can perform emitter geolocation and identification from a single aircraft in the traditional method of taking multiple DF cuts of an emitter as the aircraft travels along its flight path and then mapping where those DF cuts intersect. This isn’t so much SIGINT in its traditional sense of intercepting, collecting and exploiting the message content of signal traffic. This is more akin to radar and communications electronic support measures in which the contextual “metadata” (i.e., emitter geolocation and identification) can sometimes be more valuable than the message content. For example, imagine a small detachment from a US Army rifle platoon is conducting a patrol in Afghanistan. The patrol is approaching a small remote village in the Arghandab valley north of Kandahar. As they approach the village, the soldiers can rely on imagery from UAVs flying overhead. However, the unit’s commander on the scene would have a better understanding of the situation if he knew about current and past signals activity in and around the village. What the unit commander needs is a live direct SIGINT downlink from a

UAV that tells him if there are any emitters in the area and if so what are they and where are they. Are there communications signals from within the village, or is an enemy spotter observing their approach from a hill outside the village and communicating to other insurgents in the area to coordinate an ambush? Knowing this information could change the outcome of a potentially dangerous situation. Delivering such real-time tactical SIGINT directly to a small unit on patrol

25

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Two factors are changing this situation, however. First, the US Army is training a new cadre of EWOs, some of whom are being assigned to provide EW support for brigade commanders. These EWOs are showing how mission success can be improved by providing real-time tactical SIGINT to small units at the tactical edge. The other factor is the recent availability of lightweight SIGINT systems that can be carried on smaller tactical UAVs, such as the Shadow and the Tiger

Shark, without displacing other sensors on the aircraft. One example of this type of SIGINT solution is the Seeker system from Mercury Defense Systems. The Seeker, which is housed in a small pod, provides emitter detection, identification and single-ship direction finding. The receiver system, which weighs in at 9 lb, is designed to minimize platform integrations costs. For example, says Michalski, the Seeker uses its own GPS receiver for navigation rather than increasing the cost and complexity of

using the GPS receiver on the host aircraft. While the SIGINT receiver can take advantage of new technologies to reduce its weight and size, the DF antenna array is still restricted in terms of how small it can be without trading off too much performance. However, by housing the whole system in a pod, the antenna array does not have to find scarce real estate in the Shadow’s already crowded fuselage. The need for high performance from the antenna also is mitigated in part by the UAV’s close proximity to the emitters.

FUTURE CHALLENGES

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

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The commercial and military technology trends that have driven the exploding population of emitters and their growing sophistication will continue to evolve. This will, in turn, drive new innovation in COMINT and ELINT systems. Saab’s Christo Pelster says, “The need to be able to perform message content extraction has always been a requirement for the COMINT parts of SIGINT systems. Spread-spectrum technology, digital modulation techniques, proprietary encoding and encryption makes it complicated to extract message content in real-time. The trend of signals with specialized waveforms as generated by Software Defined Radios is set to continue and is compounded by links that use adaptive transmit power ensuring low probability of detection.” He adds,” ELINT receiving systems will need to have greater sensitivity in order to detect energy in low-power radar signals, which are also spatially directed using Actively Electronically Steered Arrays (AESA). The requirements of processing in a high-density pulse environment in the presence of strong CW like signals will drive receiver front-end technology as well as pulse processing requirements.” Over the past decade, airborne SIGINT providers have addressed some of the market’s most stubborn problems, such as developing SIGINT solutions for more types of aircraft, utilizing open architectures and increasing system performance without a corresponding increase in cost. This level of innovation is likely to continue well into the future, as SIGINT technology continues to evolve and adapt. a

PLAN NOW TO ATTEND THESE GREAT AOC EVENTS IN 2013 FEBRUARY

MAY

AUGUST

February 12-15

May 20-24

Introduction to Radar and Electronic Warfare Course

Prowler Roost: EW Symposium

The Cybersecurity Ecosystem: An Interagency, Public-private, and Coalition Challenge

Whidbey Island, WA

Linthicum, MD

Alexandria, VA May 28-30

Capitol Club Multi-National Forum

12th Annual EW Europe

Washington, DC

September 10-13

Patriots’ Roost: International EW Seminar

MARCH

Alexandria, VA

DSEi AOC EW Pavilion London, UK

Bedford, MA

Patriots’ Roost: Net-Centric Operations Conference

March 12-15

Essentials of 21st Century Electronic Warfare Course

SEPTEMBER

Cologne, Germany

JUNE June 3-6

New Castle, NH

OCTOBER

AOC Kittyhawk Week March 24-28

38th Annual Dixie Crow Technical Symposium Warner Robins, GA

Dayton, OH

October 15-17

June 4-6

Information Operations in the Pacific Theater

4th Annual EW, IO, and Cyber Capabilities Conference Charleston, SC

Patriots’ Roost: Cyber and Law Enforcement Requirements Seminar Bedford, MA

APRIL

October 27-30

50th Annual AOC International Symposium & Convention

June 18-20

Washington, DC

Electromagnetic Warfare Systems Engineering and Acquisition

October 31

Dahlgren, VA

AOC Classified Symposium Washington, DC

June 26-27

April 17

AOC EW Asia 2013

Capitol Club: EW Symposium – Onboard Countermeasures Technology

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Washington, DC

Capitol Club: Town Hall Arlington, VA

April 9-12

Fundamental Principles of Electronic Warfare Course

Honolulu, HI

NOVEMBER November 10-11

AOC EW 2013 Saudi Arabia

DECEMBER JULY

Alexandria, VA

December 10-12 July 16-18

Land EW Conference

Joint Suppression of Enemy Air Defense (JSEAD)

Quantico, VA

Nellis AFB, NV

December 4-5

UK 4-Eyes Classified EW Symposium Shrivenham, UK

Dixie Crow Symposium 38 “Maximizing EW/ISR Capabilities in an Austere Defense Budget Environment” March 24-28, 2013 // Robins AFB Museum of Aviation, Warner Robins, GA JOIN US FOR THE 38 TH ANNUAL DIXIE CROW SYMPOSIUM, MARCH 24-28, AT THE MUSEUM OF AVIATION IN WARNER ROBINS, GA. REGISTRATION IS FREE.

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to the scholarship fund, please send a check with your registration made out to: Dixie Crow Education Foundation. The Educational

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NOTABLES: Industry Panel Discussion addressing: “Maximizing EW/ISR Capabilities in an Austere Defense Budget Environment”. Panel is comprised of VPs from BAE Systems, Raytheon, Northrop Grumman, ITT Exelis, Lockheed Martin and Boeing with Maj Gen Bob McMahon, USAF (ret) moderating. // Keynote Speaker: Brig Gen Rydholm, AFRC A3 // Welcome Address Exhibitor Reception: Col Mitch Butikofer, 78ABW/CC // Banquet Speaker: Brig Gen Cedric George, WR-ALC/CC

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EW Careers:

Riding Out the Uncertainty By Elaine Richardson market is not flooded with candidates – yet. I keep hearing it’s going to [happen], but it’s not happening yet.” At least in the US. In Europe, where austerity is a continuing reality, the employment picture is more than dire. However, world events do change rapidly, and the growth markets – Latin America and Southeast Asia – remain strong options for European companies, which may offer a small ray of light at the end of a very long tunnel. In the US, of course, the situation could change at any moment. With sequestration all but set to go forward, defense companies may be taking another look at what they need to do to ride out the coming storm and deciding that the picture is just too vague to do anything other than hunker down and wait for the storm to pass. Other companies, meanwhile, looking forward to a market full of talent pruned from their competitors, could be thinning their own ranks in anticipation of picking up the cream of the crop. The one thing that is clear in all the uncertainty: Things will probably get worse before they get better. So if you’re looking to make a move, now may be the time. Here’s four important keys to EW professionals navigating the current market:

1. SITUATIONAL AWARENESS It’s not just a must-have for EW systems. Basic situational awareness is key to understanding the current situation of your company’s business and whether you want to make a move. Those working in business development may have a better handle on this than others, but everyone, from marketing and sales down to engineers, needs to have a clear understanding of where their current employer stands in the market. What is your company making and is anyone buying it? What level of the long-lead order book is likely to be held up by sequestration? This also means keeping a close eye on the day-to-day news of the industry. Knowing where you stand can give comfort level about the current situation, or at least give you the knowledge you need to start making moves now, while there are moves to be made. And the opportunities vary depending on what you do. “Business development managers are going to be key in this environment,” Katelhut notes. “They’re the ones that are going to have to go out there and dig up the business. They have the relationships and a good BD manager can make or break a program.” Engineers are also in demand. Although, with contract employees among the first cuts, some engineers not working full time may be coming back to the market, for now, advertising for engineers remains strong.

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

I

n the six months since JED last took a look at the prospects for careers in the electronic warfare industry, the employment environment has become even more muddled, leaving many with a sense of confusion about the state of the overall market for jobs. On the one hand, companies preparing for the arrival of sequestration have been making adjustments needed to ride out the coming lean times through a combination of tactics – including workforce cuts, elimination of contract employees, and hiring freezes. On the other hand, there are still a fair number of employment opportunities – both advertised and not – available for those who are looking. So, while the outlook seems dire, the reality for job hunters, for now anyway, is that the market hasn’t dried up. “It’s a time of transition. There’s a lot of paralysis,” says Bob Katelhut, president of the recruiting firm Warfare Solutions. “There are a lot of opportunities still out there. And the

29

Even if you’re not in an “in-demand” field, it’s good to know how your contemporaries at other companies are faring and to consider whether now is the time to start brushing up on secondary skill sets that might make you more marketable for open positions. Even if you’re just putting out feelers, do it now. “The time to start looking for new opportunities is now,” Katelhut says. “It is devastating to be unemployed, especially if the market turns the way everyone says it’s going to turn. That’s not a good place to be.” And, understanding the entire market situation can help you to assess the opportunities you see and whether you want to make a move into a particular organization at this time. This is also something companies have to remember as they make the necessary adjustments to their structures, while still trying to hire new employees. “If candidates see a company isn’t advertising in JED anymore, and they’re not seeing companies at AOC events and a lot of folks are being laid off… that’s not going to lend well

“There are still a lot of opportunities out there. And the market is not flooded with candidates – yet.” to the company’s reputation on the street,” Katelhut notes. “It’s difficult to attract candidates to those companies. At least until the industry gets flooded with candidates.”

2. INVEST IN YOUR NETWORK Whether you’re making moves or not, the first thing to do is to ensure that you are in touch and involved with your professional network. It’s always key to remember that, for all the jobs advertised, key positions sometimes aren’t. Who you know can be an open door to the perfect position you haven’t even seen. Starting online, ensuring you have a robust “LinkedIn” profile is a must.

Make sure you’re on the various groups for EW professionals, including the AOC. Be social – responding to and initiating conversations shows you’re out there and involved. Getting your network to connect you to the people in their networks is even better. It’s also a good time to shore up your personal connections. Pick up the phone and call people in your network you haven’t seen in awhile. Or a personal note – about advancements in their companies, an article that applies to them, etc. – can be a good way to reconnect with those in your network. If you haven’t been to your local AOC chapter meeting in awhile, you need to go and take advantage of faceto-face communication. If you have the opportunity to attend other upcoming industry events, set aside some time to walk around and talk to people you haven’t seen lately and to pick up new connections. Making your network as strong as you can not only gives you the opportunity to find new work when you need it, but puts you in the position to bring the

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

30

The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), a national leader in scientific research and development located in Laurel, MD, has career opportunities available in the area of electronic attack. The Precision Engagement Business Area is currently seeking candidates to join in its mission to improving operational performance in the realms of command, control, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C2ISR) and non-kinetic and kinetic engagement. Current openings/needs include: t

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talent you know to your company if positions come up, which can help to build your business as well.

3. KNOW WHO’S HIRING

4. CONSIDER ACADEMIA The other place that’s hiring is the academic lab world. From the Johns Hopkins Advanced Physics Lab and MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory to the Georgia Tech Research Institute and others, the academic labs are looking for personnel to help them fight for available technology-development money. Like their corporate counterparts, colleges and universities are also feel-

will be critical for academic labs working to ensure the next generation of EW technology is in development. And, depending on your point of view, academia can be a great place to wait out the current market or the start of a unique new career in a different area of EW. In either case, there are positions being advertised now. Given the fiscal current environment, it’s likely that the career picture will change significantly in the next six months. a

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The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

So who’s hiring? Small and mid-size companies, which haven’t yet seen the trickle down from the pull back, are actively looking for people on sites like “Indeed.com” and other posting aggregators, as well as in postings on their own sites and through active outreach by recruiters. “I seem to be getting a lot more clients that are component companies – companies that are working along the signal path; RF power solutions and things like that,” Katelhut says. “In part, I think it’s because in this austere environment the integrators are having to cut people, they’re having to save money and I think the suppliers are looking at displacing their current vendors by bringing in their products maybe at a lower cost.” In addition, small and mid-size companies may also see the opportunity to pick up some expertise in the market. Considering a shift from a large to a smaller company can be daunting, especially given the usual differences in culture and environment. But, with the number of opportunities, skill sets that might not be as marketable to larger companies in this environment, may offer access to attractive positions in robust companies with less overhead to trim. This is also a place where you can reach out to your professional network to find not only past employees, but those who’ve worked with the company your considering as a vendor, to see what type of situation would be available and to ensure that it’s a good fit

ing the squeeze from the reduction in government financing. And while it seems like money for technology development will be tight, even in the current environment we must continue to prepare for coming spectrum threats; especially given that larger companies, which usually have to fund research and development themselves, will have to be cutting back on those efforts due to sequestration cuts. Some money will be available, and the ability to reel in every dollar

31

book

review

Viper Pilot: A Memoir of Air Combat by Dan Hampton Reviewed by Kernan Chaisson

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

32

It is unusual for a book to have the reader at “pucker-factor twelve” by page 13; especially non-fighter pilots. But that is exactly what Lt Col Dan Hampton, USAF (Ret.) does with Viper Pilot: A Memoir of Air Combat. He flew more than 151 combat missions over his 20-year career (1986-2006) and is credited with pioneering now-standard EW tactics. Dan “Two Dogs” Hampton opens with a mission over Nasiriyah, Iraq, where his flight of F-16CJs rolls in to save a trapped Marine unit. It was the fifth day of the 2003 Iraq War and a unit of the Third Battalion Second Marines had been cut off by Iraqi fighters and called for Emergency Close Air Support. The Wild Weasel four-ship came to the rescue in the face of an intense sandstorm that made the life-or-death situation for the Marines and the flyers much worse. Because they were flying the -CJ, Hampton and his fellow Weasels were equipped for ground attack, and ground attack they did. What followed was a pulsepounding description of a fight that validates the book cover’s claim that Hampton is “one of America’s deadliest F-16 aviators.” From the start, the author is a straight-talking “this ain’t no B/S” fighter jock. He makes plain how he feels about higher-ups and staffers who, many jet-drivers feel, spend a lot of time making things hard for the “real warriors” who routinely face the dangers and hardships of the front line. On the other hand, he has the utmost respect

and gratitude for those who keep the F-16s and their electronics in top condition. While some find such a self-centered attitude a bit much, be-cause of my Red Flag experience, this reviewer can attest that this confidence can be what enables a fighter pilot to face the dangers and challenges of the job. This becomes clear as Hampton relives his life and exploits as an F-16 Weasel driver. The reader has a chance to catch his or her breath after the sweaty-palm opening as the book takes the reader through the making and training of a fighter pilot; starting with the author’s first flying advice from his Dad; “If the trees are getting big, pull back ‘till you see blue.’” From UPT (Undergraduate Pilot Training) through Lead-In Fighter Training (LIFT), to the first-time assignment to a fighter squadron; Hampton lets the reader feel what the life is like. A fascinating, sometimes humorous, often scary, section brings out stories of Hampton’s assignment supporting the Egyptian Air Force by helping train their pilots and performing Functional Test Flights on aircraft coming out of heavy maintenance. Combat is not the only terrorizing side of flying. He also brings us through the vaunted Fighter Weapons School, making it clear why pilots who wear that patch deserve all the respect they can get. “Fighter Weapons School was a tremendous, life-altering experience and you truly emerge as someone else,” he

writes. This makes Nellis Air Force Base true to its name on the sign at the front gate, “Home of the Fighter Pilot,” he points out. With a sense of humor and turn of a phrase, Hampton’s description of the Wild Weasel operations will scare the hell out of readers. He takes us through the gut-wrenching twists and turns as well as ground-scraping attacks on radars, missile sites, and general ground targets. He adds the missions he flew on 9-11 and days after, revealing what it felt like to be in the cockpit that fateful day. He was also in on the first attacks in the Iraq War, 2003. Hampton writes that the F-16CJ “was a quantum leap forward in technology. Tremendously versatile, with an amazing capacity for adaptation, the F-16 is a natural Weasel.” It could be as deadly to other aircraft as it is to SAMs, and unlike the venerable F-4G, it does not need an escort. The new Viper-jet adds a deadly ground attack capability to what has become the Wild Weasel of today. He makes the case for destructive versus suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD vs. DEAD); bombs versus HARM. This “saved the idea of Wild Weasel operations,” Hampton writes. Viper Pilot: A Memoir of Air Combat, ISBN 978-0-06-213035-8, was published by William Morrow an Imprint of Harper Collins Publishers, 2012. a

EW 101

Infrared Systems and Countermeasures – Part 3

Tracking Reticles By Dave Adamy

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The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

ast month, we looked at the various components of heat-seeking missiles, including early tracking reticles. Now we will consider some more modern tracking reticles. In each of these discussions, keep in mind that the objective is to determine the angular position of the target in the tracker’s field of view so that the missile carrying the tracker can be steered to place the target at the optical axis.

WAGON WHEEL RETICLE The wagon wheel reticle is not rotated, but rather nutated to move it in a conical scanning pattern. This causes a target to move through the tracking window in a circular pattern. As shown in Figure 1, the energy to the sensing cell has a number of non-uniform pulses when the target is off axis. To center the target in the tracker, the tracker’s optical axis must be moved in the direction opposite to the narrowest pulses. Note that when the target is centered on the optical axis of the tracker, the clear and opaque segments of the reticle would cause a constant square wave pattern of energy to the sensor as shown in Figure 2. The “rising sun” reticle shown in Figure 4 last month causes the amount of energy in each pulse to the sensing cell to reduce as the target moves toward the optical axis of the tracker – causing a zero signal when the tracker is aimed directly at the target. The wagon wheel reticle has the advantage of a strong signal when the target is centered.

Target

Figure 2: When the target is centered in the tracker (i.e., at the optical axis), the wagon wheel reticle produces a constant square wave of energy into the sensing cell.

MULTIPLE FREQUENCY RETICLE Note that the reticle shown in Figure 3 causes a series of energy pulses into the sensor half of the time just like the rising sun reticle. However, the number of pulses to the sensor as the target passes through the clear/opaque area of the reticle has differing numbers of pulses depending on the angle between the target direction and the optical axis of the tracker. The tracker is only tracking a single target, but the figure shows two targets to illustrate the different energy patterns. The target shown in red is farther away from the optical axis

Energy to sensor

Energy Reaching Sensor

Time Figure 1: The wagon wheel reticle does not rotate. It is offset from the optical axis and moves in a conical pattern.

Figure 3: The multiple frequency reticle produces an energy pattern in which the number of pulses varies with the off-axis angle of the target.

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E W101 to discriminate against straight line interfering optical interference. The horizon has a bright line, and reflections from various objects would reach the tracker as straight, bright lines, which can interfere with the tracking processing. Note that the shape of the opaque area causes a difference in the number of spokes through which a target passes as a function of the angle between the target and the optical axis. If the target is near the outer edge of the reticle, there will be seven pulses of energy covering half of the time. As the target moves toward the optical axis, the number of energy pulses increases, as does the percentage of time that the pulses are present. When the target is very near the optical axis, there are 11 pulses of energy and the pulses occupy nearly 100 percent of the time of a reticle rotation. This allows for proportional guidance just as in the multiple frequency reticle.

ROSETTE TRACKER

Figure 4: The curved spoke reticle discriminates against straight line extraneous inputs (such as the horizon). It also inputs an energy pattern with a number of pulses proportional to the off-axis angle of the target.

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

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than the target shown in green. You will note that the red target causes a pulse pattern with nine pulses, and the green target causes only a six-pulse pattern. This allows the tracking logic to determine the angular tracking error magnitude – so the correct steering correction can be made. Just as in the rising sun tracker, the direction the missile must turn to center the target in the tracker is derived from the time at which the pulse pattern starts.

CURVED SPOKE RETICLE

The rosette tracker shown in Figure 5 moves the focal point of the sensor in the pattern shown. This movement is accomplished by two counter-rotating optical elements, and the rosette can have any number of “petals.” As the sensor is moved through the target, a pulse of energy reaches the sensor. In the figure, the target is shown in a location where it is covered by two petals. Thus, there are two response pulses. The location of the target relative to the optical axis is determined from the timing of the energy pulses.

CROSSED LINEAR ARRAY TRACKER The crossed linear array shown in Figure 6 has four linear sensors. The array is nutated to move it in a conical scan. As the target passes through each of the four sensors, an energy pulse is generated. The location of the target relative to the optical axis of the tracker is determined from the timing of the energy pulse in each sensor.

The reticle shown in Figure 4 has curved spokes and has a large, functionally shaped opaque area. It is rotated around the optical axis of the tracker. The curved spokes are designed

TARGET TARGET

Energy to sensor Time

Figure 5: The timing of the energy bursts into the sensor following a rosette pattern, which determines the angular position of the target.

Figure 6: The crossed linear array has four linear sensors. The array is nutated, and outputs a pulse as each sensor passes through the target location.

E W101

IMAGING TRACKER

green. This does not make a very clear picture of an airplane, but it looks radically different from a thermal decoy. The decoy would likely occupy only a single pixel – allowing the processor to reject the decoy in favor of the target aircraft.

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

The imaging tracker creates an optical image of the target. As shown in Figure 7, the tracker can have a two dimensional array of sensors or can move a single sensor in a raster scan pattern as is done in a commercial television camera. Each location creates a pixel from which the processor can create a What‘s Next representation of the size and shape of the target and its anNext month, we will discuss the sensors, including those gular location relative to the optical axis. for so-called two-color trackers. For your comments and sugAs in all optical devices, the number of pixels detergestions, Dave Adamy can be reached at [email protected]. a mines the resolution that can be achieved. In general, the imaging tracker is usually thought of as a terminal guidance device because it will have relatively few pixels. Thus, to have enough pixels on the target to identify it as the tracked target, the missile (carrying the tracker) must be relatively close. Some literature has given approximately 20 as the number of pixels that can receive target energy at the acquisition range. In the figure, the pixels Figure 7: An imaging tracker has either a number of sensors in a two-dimensional array or a single sensor, which on the target are shown in is moved over an angular area in a raster pattern. It creates an image of the target.

35

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association news UK HOSTS 8TH CLASSIFIED 4-EYES EW SYMPOSIUM

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

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The eighth classified EW Symposium was held December 5-6 at the Defence Capability Centre, part of the UK’s Defence Academy at Shrivenham 80 miles west of London. John Clifford OBE, Director Global Operations, AOC Global, and President of the AOC UK Chapter, organized and ran the operational program while Professor Richard Ormondroyd, Associate Dean for Research in the School of Defence and Security, Cranfield University, ran the industry and academic parts. Michael Hewetson OBE, Director of Symposia at Shrivenham, and his excellent team ran the logistics of the event with his usual humor and thoroughness. The Symposium was judged to be a huge success by delegates, exhibitors, United Kingdom Defence Academy (photo courtesy of Michael Hewetson OBE). speakers and organizers. The theme of the 2012 Symposium was “Full Spectrum EM and simulation. In recognition of the important contribution Operations: The Future of EW, ISTAR and SIGINT.” As described that the SME community makes in EW and ISTAR, contributed in pre-event publicity, the symposium was designed to: “dis- papers from SMEs are particularly welcome.” Brigadier Steve Vickery, himself a former CO of the Britcuss the future of EW, ISTAR, and SIGINT in the context of electromagnetic operations (EMO) derived from the NATO EW ish Army’s 14 Signals Regt (EW) and now Head of the Centransformation concept, which recognizes the EM environment tre for Defence Acquisition and Technology, welcomed more as a real, vital, war-fighting manoeuvre space. Future opera- than 100 delegates to the Academy. He, like all the other tions are increasingly being realized in congested and contest- operational speakers, has a huge amount of warfighting exed complex environments across the spectrum of conflict in perience in a variety of theaters over many years, includhot spots around the world, in cyberspace and counter-piracy ing Afghanistan. He is also a Chartered Engineer and Fellow and against terrorism everywhere. Successive defense spend- of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). He ing cuts have created new challenges for electronic warfare was followed by Lt Col Mark Purves, current CO of 14 Sig and other EM capabilities. Yet the need for accurate and timely Regt (EW), who drew on on-going operations in AfghaniISTAR has never been greater and the requirement to counter stan, where one of his squadrons is currently serving, to talk potential adversary’s systems is growing. Following the format to great effect about the state of current EW, and on work of previous EW Symposia, this Symposium will use a mix of to ultimately transform the Regiment from a COIN-focus to invited and contributed papers. Many of the invited papers will one able to support any potential contingency operation. have an operational bias related to the main theme. These will He used operational vignettes to underline the importance be interspersed with contributed papers that will be an oppor- of ISTAR and EW layering and all-source coordination, contunity for researchers to showcase their latest work in areas cluding that the mature ISTAR-rich and largely uncontested related to EW, ISTAR and SIGINT and other EMO capabilities, EM environment in Helmand Province in Afghanistan should including threats; capabilities; platform, force and area protec- not lead to the wrong conclusions being drawn about the tion; intelligence; advanced technology; integration, modelling future.

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more capable IADS in nearby countries. Richard is shortly to leave the RAF after 22 years’ service and is looking for new challenges. On this showing, he should be snapped up by potential employers. Major Grant Johnston, OC 225 Signal Squadron (ECM(Force Protection)), part of 10 Signal Regt, next gave an overview of his unit, which is responsible for all UK C-RCIED operational support, training of UK and some coalition partners and elements of the Afghan National Army. It is also in charge of updating equipment countermeasures, ensuring vehicle kits work and resolving issues, with a small permanent deployment in Afghanistan. With 35-plus years’ experience, 225 Sig Sqn and its predecessors are uniquely qualified in this field. Capt Rosie Bonnor, Operations Officer, 225 Sig Sqn, then maintained the pace with insights into the actual equipment used, the various threats and plans for upgrades and new capability in the move from COIN to contingency operations. Both officers returned to the UK from Afghanistan just days before the Symposium. Next off, Commander Dave Hewitt briefed on the UK Defence EW Centre and its role in supporting operations, the changes taking place and the challenges and opportunities ahead. John Clifford, as UK Chapter President, rounded off the morning’s operational sessions with a brief used at the NATO School on NATO EW transformation concept and its use by UK forces and implications for industry. The final afternoon had sessions on “RF Countermeasures” with two more classified briefs from DSTL, by Paul Potter and Malcolm Hodkin, on expendable active decoys for air platforms, focusing on the evolution of a revolutionary capability, The final session, on “Electronic Surveillance,” included the communications and cross-cutting EW program by Dr. Giles Bond of QinetiQ and Chris Tarran of Roke Manor Research; autonomic sensor surveillance in the cloud, by Dr Darminder Ghataoura from the University of Surrey, and optimizing detection of pulsed radar in a digital receiver by Graham MacKerron of SELEX Galileo. Malcolm Hodkin of DSTL rounded out the symposium with a brief on radar countermeasures against threat air defence systems. In conclusion, this was a truly content-packed SECRET symposium which left everyone buzzing with ideas and good will and frankly in awe at what the UK armed forces are doing with EW and other EM capabilities. Moreover, all these forces and their commanders, having learnt a great deal about EW in COIN, have set their sights firmly on the transition to perhaps more challenging world-wide contingency operations. The EM concepts and EW terminology that the UK has adopted along with NATO is also proving to be a great success enabling day-to-day operations, understanding across all levels of command, and almost demanding thinking outside the box. A great way for the UK Chapter and AOC Global to end the year and well placed for whatever 2013 brings. Co-hosts Cranfield University and Symposia at Shrivenham performed brilliantly throughout at what was undoubtedly, from the perspective of those delegates, exhibitors and speakers who attended, the classified EW conference of 2012. – John Clifford, OBE, UK Chapter President and Director Global Operations, AOC Global

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

Lt Col Chris Middleton MBE, CO 30 Cdo Royal Marines (RM), and Major Rob Thorpe, OC Y Sqn (EW/SI) RM, took up the gauntlet in the next two presentations on “21st Century Information Exploitation: Taking The Lessons from Helmand in Contingency Operations” and “Beyond Helmand: EW and SIGINT in the Response Forces Task Group.” These presentations were largely written while the Commandos were embarked on RN warships as part of the large-scale COUGAR 12 littoral warfare exercise in the Mediterranean and displayed an incredible level of intellect, capability and resolve. A bonus was a side briefing on COUGAR and the critical role of EW in finding, fixing and defeating opposing forces. The morning concluded with a lively operational panel discussion. The afternoon included sessions on “EW Technology” and “Exploitation of the Spectrum.” The former included “R&D to Support Situation Awareness and Survivability” by Professor Steve Roberts of SELEX Galileo, which led to some spirited debate; Gordon Slater, of Slater Aerosystems, talked about “De-risking Platform Clearance of EW Systems,” increasingly important in these financially challenging times, and Russell Searle of RJD Technology Ltd talked about EW SMEs driving the EW agenda forward. The final session started with Paul Flavell of Logica talking about “Integration in the EM Environment” and concluded with an update on “Passive Coherent Location” by Professor Ormondroyd. A truly outstanding formal dinner was held in a most unusual venue; perhaps the most unusual ever for an EW event, as it took place in STEAM, the Museum of the Great Western Railway. STEAM is housed in a beautifully-restored Grade II railway building in the heart of the former Swindon railway works. There, surrounded by beautiful steam engines and fascinating railway artifacts, with a small brass band playing, a convivial evening was had by all. After the Loyal Toast, the highlight was the informal after-dinner speech given by the Special Guest, Air Chief Marshal Sir Stuart Peach KCB CBE FRAeS RAF, Commander UK Joint Forces Command. Sir Stuart outlined his understanding of the need for advocacy, enthusiasm, leadership and governance for UK EM and EW capabilities, to leverage the past and prepare for the future. He finished by presenting the UK Chapter’s operational award for work in 2011 to 30 Cdo /Y Sqn RM for their great achievements in conducting EW/SI operations. The Dinner was sponsored by Babcock and Boeing, who are to be congratulated on having helped ensure a truly memorable experience. The second day continued with the same operational pace and intellectual content. Brigadier Nick Davies started off with a keynote looking at the thesis and theme of the Symposium and providing great insights, before explaining the role of the new Joint Forces Intelligence Group, which he commands. With the scene so well set, Sqn Ldr Richard Birchenall PhD of the Defence Intelligence Staff gave an impressively detailed and insightful talk on “Integrated Air Defence Systems and the threat they pose to UK Forces” (allies too), comparing and contrasting the IADS of Libya at the start of operations in support of NATO’s Operation Unified Protector with those of significantly

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association news CALL FOR NOMINATIONS: AOC 2013 ANNUAL ELECTION

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

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Nominations for the 2013 AOC Annual Election are currently being accepted. Help determine the future of the AOC by nominating yourself or your colleagues to serve on the board. The 2013 election slate will include the position of President-Elect, who will serve as Vice President in 2014 and as President in 2015. The AOC President appoints the Association’s Secretary and Treasurer, presides over the Board of Directors and Executive Committee and appoints committee chairs. The President is also the AOC’s primary spokesperson, visiting AOC chapters across the world and meeting with leaders in the Electronic Warfare community. The 2013 election slate will also include three At Large Director positions. At Large directors serve a three-year term. In addition, Regional Directors will be elected for three-year terms from the International I, International II and Information Operations Regions. Nomination packets must be received at AOC headquarters by close-of-business on March 1, 2013. If you wish to nominate more than one person, please duplicate the form. Nomination Forms are available on the AOC website at www.

crows.org or by contacting Glenda Reyes-Montanez at [email protected]. For any questions or assistance, please contact: Glenda Reyes-Montanez, AOC Election Coordinator Office: (703) 549-1600 Fax: (703) 549-2589 E-mail: [email protected]

COMING OF AGE – 3RD SUCCESSFUL ELECTRONIC WARFARE CONFERENCE FOR THE GCC With a very successful third foray into Abu Dhabi for an Electronic Warfare Conference under the patronage of the UAE Electronic Warfare Command, EW GCC can justifiably claim to have come of age. The attendance of Gulf Co-operative Council members (GCC) alongside UAE Armed Forces personnel and delegates from 14 nations swelled the numbers to 300, more than justifying the aspirations of the 8 Sponsor Companies as well as exhibitors (which were deliberately limited to a total of 20). A comprehensive program, matching delegates to companies, ensured a worthwhile result in “Connecting Business.” A discerning UAE customer encouraged the inclusion of a broader base of subjects including cyber warfare and directed energy weapons (delivered by local speakers) and complementary presentations on counter-IED from the NATO Communication and Information Agency and Captain Nathan Blencowe, Royal Engineers, part of the team training the Afghan National Army.

Contributions from Wg Cdr John Clifford, RAF (Ret.), Director of AOC Global Operations (and President of the UK Chapter) and Dr. Sami Al Humaidi, Managing Director, Prince Sultan Advanced Technologies Research Institute, Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia’s AOC President) introduced a fresh dimension. UAE EW Command has an intensive program of development for its personnel, (both in-house and overseas), resulting in an attentive and well-informed audience. Company presentations coupled with VIP events ensured networking at a high level, introducing EW products and capabilities to key opinion formers from across the region. For Tangent Link, the event organizer, this positive exposure promises to bring an expansion of its defence and aerospace conferences across the region. Thanks to all who contributed to and supported this highly professional effort. Join us on www.tangentlink.com to view the forward looking Event Portfolio. – Rear Admiral Terry Loughran, Conference Chairman

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AOC CAPITOL CLUB ANNOUNCES THE JOSEPH R. PITTS ELECTRONIC WARFARE SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM reer, he has worked to strengthen the EW community and cultivate leaders to advance the discipline. The $2,500 scholarship will be awarded annually. To be eligible for the scholarship, applicants must be from the greater Washington, DC metropolitan area or be enrolled in a regional school for the fall 2013 semester. Applicants may pursue undergraduate, graduate, post-graduate or professional certificate degrees; however, preference will be given to students pursuing the highest degree to advance their career in EW. The application deadline for the 2013 award is March 1, 2013. The awardee will be announced in April 2013 and the scholarship will be awarded through the selected student’s educational institution. For more information or to download an application, please visit the AOC Capitol Club website at www.aoccapitolclub.com.

AOC TECHNOLOGY HALL OF FAME MEMBER BUD SEARS PASSES William E. “Bud” Sears III, a principal research engineer with GTRI, a member of the AOC EW Technology Hall of Fame, one of the founders of the Peacthree Roost and former lab director of ELSYS, died unexpectedly on Jan. 20. He was 67. Sears had more than 39 years of experience in radar and electronic warfare and served as director of ELSYS from 1996-1997. During his career he served as a branch head and division chief in addition to lab director. “We will miss Bud,” said Tom McDermott, GTRI’s deputy director and director of research. “He took me under his wing when I first came to GTRI and got me started in the professional education program, as well as teaching me the details of electronic warfare techniques and threat systems.” Bob Zimmer, a former ELSYS colleague, recalled how Sears’ work on various radar problems became the foundation for his work in electronic warfare. “In the late ‘70s he was the leader in GTRI receiving its first Electronic Warfare Techniques Assessment program, which exists even today,” Zimmer said. “He was dedicated to modeling and analysis in the electronic defense area and used many of his models in analyzing the effectiveness of electronic countermeasures. He realized the importance of training our employees and made sure all knew the fundamentals of electronic warfare.” His emphasis on internal training led to the development of short courses which were given to the public, Zimmer said. He also provided consulting services to the Department of

Defense Science Board in developing investment strategies for the combined utilization of laser optics and electronic warfare technologies in combat. Bud was born in Buford, Georgia and graduated Valedictorian from Buford High School. He earned his Bachelor of Electrical Engineering and Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology. Bud started working for Georgia Tech while still a student and continued for a 30-year career retiring as the Director of the Electronic Systems Laboratory at Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI). He was one of the founders of the Peachtree Roost of the Association of Old Crows (AOC) in 1977 and was inducted into the AOC EW Technology Hall of Fame. After retiring from GTRI in 1998, Sears continued to support GTRI through multiple sales efforts and administrative support of the Office of Organizational Development. He founded a small consulting firm, EWCA, and continued his educational activities in the fields of Radar and EW at Robins AFB and Eglin AFB. Bud is survived by his wife of forty-six years, Beverly Miller Sears of Sugar Hill, GA; two daughters and sons-in-law and six grandchildren, among others. Funeral services were held Jan. 24. Donations may be made to the Suwanee United Methodist Church, 603 Scales Road, Suwanee, GA 30024 in memory of William Earl (Bud) Sears, III. To express condolences, please sign the online guest book at www.flaniganfuneralhome.com. a

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

The AOC Capitol Club has announced the new Joseph R. Pitts Electronic Warfare (EW) Scholarship Program, a scholarship opportunity designed to help noncommissioned officers serving in the US armed forces pursue postsecondary education degrees to advance their military and career direction in fields related to electronic warfare. The scholarship program is named after the Honorable Joseph R. Pitts in recognition of his military service, career as an educator, and his lifetime support of the electronic warfare discipline. He served five and a half years in the U.S. Air Force, with three tours of duty in Vietnam. He was trained as an EW officer. Joseph Pitts was also a math and science teacher in both Kentucky and Pennsylvania public schools. Additionally, he was elected to Congress in 1996, where he established the Congressional EW Working Group, a bipartisan caucus dedicated to educating government leaders about the importance of EW to military operations. Throughout his military and professional ca-

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AOC Industry and Institute/University Members SUSTAINING Agilent Technologies Applied Research Associates Inc. Argon ST BAE SYSTEMS The Boeing Company Chemring Group Plc DRS Defense Solutions Electronic Warfare Associates, Inc. Elettronica, SpA Exelis General Dynamics Northrop Grumman Corporation Raytheon Company Rockwell Collins Saab TASC Thales Communications Thales Aerospace Division

INSTITUTE/UNIVERSITY Georgia Tech Research Institute Mercer Engineering Research Center MIT Lincoln Laboratory National EW Research and Simulation Center

GROUP

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

40

3dB Labs Inc. 453 EWS/EDW Research AAI Corporation Active Spectrum Inc. Advanced Concepts Advanced Testing Technologies Advanced Reconnaissance Corp. Aeronix Aethercomm, Inc. A.G. Franz, LLC Air Scan Inc. Akon, Inc. Alion Science and Technology Allen Vanguard Alpha Design Technologies Pvt. Ltd. American Systems AMPEX Data Systems Amplifier Technology Limited Anaren Microwave, Inc. Anatech Electronics Annapolis Micro Systems, Inc. Anritsu ApisSys SAS Applied Geo Technologies Applied Signal Technology ARC Technologies Solutions ARIEL Group, Inc. ARINC, Inc. Aselsan A.S. ATDI ATK Defense Electronic Systems Atkinson Aeronautics & Technology, Inc. Atos IT Solutions and Services AG Avalon Electronics, Inc. Azure Summit Technologies, Inc. Ball Aerospace Technologies Corp. B&Z Technologies, LLC Battlespace Simulations, Inc. Bharat Electronics Ltd. Blackhawk Management Corporation Blue Ridge Envisioneering, Inc.

Booz & Allen Hamilton CACI International CAE CAP Wireless, Inc. Ceralta Technologies Inc. Clausewitz Technology ClearanceJobs.com Cobham DES M/A-Com Cobham Sensor Systems Colorado Engineering Inc. Communications Audit UK Ltd. Comtech PST Concord Components Inc. CPI Crane Aerospace & Electronics CSIR CSP Associates Cubic Defense Curtiss-Wright Controls Embedded Computing CyberVillage Networkers Inc. DARE Electronics Inc. Dayton-Granger, Inc. dB Control Defence R&D Canada Defense Research Associates Inc. Delta Microwave DHPC Technologies, Inc. DRS Tactical Systems D-TA Systems, Inc. Dynetics, Inc. EADS Deutschland GmbH, Defense Electronics EADS North America Electro-Metrics Elektrobit Wireless Communications Ltd. Elisra Electronic Systems, Ltd ELTA Systems Ltd EM Research Inc. Empower RF Systems EMS Technologies Inc. Eonic B.V. ESL Defence Limited ESROE Limited Esterline Defense Group ET Industries ETM Electromatic Inc. e2v Aerospace and Defense, Inc. EW Simulation Technology Ltd EWA-Australia Pty Ltd. FEI-Elcom Tech, Inc. GBL Systems Gigatronics Inc. Herley CTI Hittite Microwave Honeywell International Huber + Suhner Hunter Technology Corp. Hutchins & Associates, Inc. Impact Cases Inc. Impact Science & Technology Impulse Technologies Inc. Information Warfare Technologies Innovationszentrum Fur Telekommunikation -stechnik GmbH (IZT) Integrated Microwave Technologies, LLC

ISPAS as ITCN, Inc. iVeia, LLC Jabil Circuit JB Management, Inc. JP Morgan Chase JT3, LLC Keragis Corporation KRYTAR, Inc. KMIC Technology KOR Electronics, Inc. L-3 Communications L-3 Communications-Applied Signal & Image Technology L-3 Communications Cincinnati Electronics L-3 Communications/ Randtron Antenna Systems LNX Corporation Lockheed Martin Lockheed Martin Aculight Corporation Logos Microwave Longmont Machining Lorch Microwave LS telcom AG MacAulay-Brown MANTECH Security Technologies Mass Consultants MC Countermeasures, Inc. MegaPhase Mercury Computer Systems Micro-Coax, Inc. Microsemi Corporation Micro Systems Midcon Cable Company MiKES Microwave Electronic Systems Inc. Miles Industrial Electronics Ltd. Milso AB MITEQ, Inc. The MITRE Corporation Modern Technology Solutions, Inc. MRSL Multiconsult Srl My-konsult New World Solutions, Inc. Nova Defence Nurad Technologies, Inc Ophir RF Inc. Optocon USA, Division of Impulse Orion International Technologies Overlook Systems Technology Overwatch Systems Ltd. Parker Aerospace (SprayCool) Peralex Phoenix International Systems, Inc. Plath, GmbH Protium Technologies, Inc. QUALCOMM Queued Solutions, L.L.C. Rafael-Electronic Systems Div. Research Associates of Syracuse, Inc. RF Simulation Systems Inc. Rheinmetall Air Defence AG Rising Edge Technologies Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG Rohde & Schwarz USA RUAG Holding

Science Applications International Corporation Scientific Research Corporation SELEX Galileo Inc. The Shephard Group Siemens IT Solutions and Services Sierra Nevada Corporation Sivers IMA AB Soneticom, Inc. SOS International SOURIAU PA&E Southern Marketing Associates, Inc. SpecPro-Inc. Spectranetix, Inc. Spectrum Signal Processing by Vecima SR Technologies SRC, Inc. SRCTec, Inc. SRI International STI Electronics, Inc. Strategic Influence Alternatives, Inc. Subsidium Sunshine Aero Industries SURVICE Engineering Co. Symetrics Industries, LLC Sypris Data Systems Systematic Software Engineering Systems & Processes Engineering Corp. SystemWare Inc. Tactical Technologies Inc. Tadiran Electronic Systems Ltd. TASC TCI International Tech Resources, Inc. Technical Information Products & Services LLC (TIPS) Technology Management Consultants TECOM Industries TEK Microsystems, Inc. Tektronix, Inc. Tektronix Component Solutions Teledyne Technologies Teleplan AS Teligy TERASYS Technologies, LLC TERMA A/S Thales Components Corp. Thales Homeland Security Times Microwave Systems TINEX AS TMD Technologies TRAK Microwave TriaSys Technologies Corp. TriQuint Inc. Tri Star Engineering TRU Corporation Ultra Electronics Avalon Systems Ultra Electronics Telemus URS Corp. Vigilance VMR Electronics LLC W.L. Gore & Associates W5 Technologies, Inc. Wavepoint Research, Inc. Werlatone Inc. Wideband Systems, Inc. X-Com Systems ZETA Associates Zodiac Data Systems

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Cobham Antenna Systems, Microwave Antennas ...................................www.cobham.com .................................................... 25 Elisra Electronic Systems ..............................www.elisra.com ....................................................... 23 Emhiser Research ..........................................www.emhiser.com .................................................... 10 EW Simulation Technology Ltd......................www.ewst.co.uk.........................................................5 GEW Technologies (PTY) Ltd .........................www.gew.co.za ..........................................................8 Hawker Beechcraft Corporation ....................www.hawkerbeechcraft.com ..................................... 16 The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory ........................www.jhuapl.edu ....................................................... 30 Mercury Defense Systems ..............................www.mrcy.com ..........................................................3 PLATH AG - Go2SIGNALS ................................www.go2signals.ch .................................................. 17 Raytheon Company ........................................www.raytheon.com ............................ inside back cover Rohde & Schwarz ............................................www.rohde-schwarz.com ................... inside front cover SRC, Inc. .........................................................www.srcinc.com .........................................................7

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Lockheed Martin, Dragon ISR ............................................................ 23

Air Chief Marshal Sir Stuart Peach KCB CBE FRAeS, UK Joint Forces Command ............................................................ 37

Lt Col Chris Middleton MBE, Royal Marines ......................................... 37

AOC, renewed government affairs initiative ....................................... 18 BAE Systems, ALE-55 contract ........................................................... 17 Bob Katelhut, Warfare Solutions ........................................................ 29 Book Review: Viper Pilot: A Memoir of Air Combat .............................. 32 Brigadier Nick Davies, Joint Forces Intelligence Group ........................ 37

Lt Col Mark Purves, 14 Sig Regt ......................................................... 36 LTC Dean Hoffman, PEO IEW&S .......................................................... 21 Major Grant Johnston, 225 Signal Squadron ....................................... 37 Major Rob Thorpe, Y Sqn (EW/SI) Royal Marines ................................. 37 Malcolm Hodkin, DSTL ...................................................................... 37 Michael Hewetson, OBE ..................................................................... 36 NIITEK, Spanish Army contract for Husky ground-penetrating radar.... 19

Brigadier Steve Vickery, UK Defence Acquisition and Technology......... 36

Northrop Grumman, EuroHawk SIGINT-sensor test flight ..................... 19

Capt Rosie Bonnor, 225 Sig Sqn.......................................................... 37 Captain Nathan Blencowe, Royal Engineers ........................................ 38

Northrop Grumman, NAVAIR contract for LAIRCM processor/sensor upgrade ........................................... 17

Cassidian, SIGINT suite for EuroHawk ................................................ 19

Paul Flavell, Logica .......................................................................... 37

Chris Michalski, Mercury Defense Systems ......................................... 25

Paul Potter, DSTL.............................................................................. 37

Chris Tarran, Roke Manor Research .................................................... 37

Project Liberty MC-12W ..................................................................... 21

Christo Pelster, Saab......................................................................... 22

Raytheon BBN, contract for Acoustic Hostile Fire Indicator (A-HFI) ..... 17

Cobham, NAVAIR contract for ALQ-99 low-band transmitters ............... 17

Raytheon, Enhanced Integrated Sensor Suite (EISS) for South Korea Global Hawk purchase ............................................... 19

Commander Dave Hewitt, UK Defence EW Centre ................................ 37 Dan Hampton, Viper Pilot.................................................................. 32 Dassault Aviation, Rafale purchase for India ...................................... 19

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

Page #

Aerial Common Sensor (ACS) ............................................................. 20

AOC, Board of Directors Nominations ................................................. 38

42

Details

Distributed Common Ground System – Army (DCGS-A)......................... 21 DOD, Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) solicitation topics ..... 18 Dr. Darminder Ghataoura, University of Surrey ................................... 37 Dr. Giles Bond, QinetiQ ..................................................................... 37 Dr. Sami Al Humaidi, Prince Sultan Advanced Technologies Research Institute ...................................................................... 38

RC-12 Guardrail ................................................................................ 20 RC-7 Airborne Reconnaissance Low ISR aircraft .................................. 20 Rear Admiral Terry Loughran ............................................................ 38 Richard Ormondroyd, Cranfield University ......................................... 36 Russell Searle, RJD Technology.......................................................... 37 Saab, AIRTRACER ............................................................................. 23 Saab, Integrated Defensive Aids Suite contract from AgustaWestland ..................................................... 19

Electronic Warfare Planning and Management Tool (EWPMT) ............... 13

South Korea, request for SIGINT-equipped Global Hawk purchase ................................................................. 19

Enhanced Medium Altitude Reconnaissance and Surveillance System (EMARSS)........................................................................ 21

Spanish Army, Husky ground-penetrating radar purchase ................... 19

EW advocacy ........................................................................... 6, 12, 18 EW Careers ....................................................................................... 29 EW Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) conference .................................... 38

Sqn Ldr Richard Birchenall, Defence Intelligence Staff ...................... 37 Steve Roberts, SELEX Galileo ............................................................. 37 Task Force ODIN ............................................................................... 21

Gordon Slater, Slate Aerosystems....................................................... 37

Thales, new radar and integrated sensor Centre of Excellence in Singapore ............................................................................... 19

Graham MacKerron, SELEX Galileo ..................................................... 37

UK 8th Classified 4-Eyes EW Symposium report .................................. 36

Hawker Beechcraft, RC-12 ................................................................. 21

US Air Force, RFI for Global Horizons science and technology study ........................................................................ 15

Hawker Beechcraft, modified King Air 350ERs .................................... 21 Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd., Rafale construction for India .................. 19 India, considering additional fighter jet purchase .............................. 19 Infrared Systems and Countermeasures, part 3 ................................... 33 Integrated Electronic Warfare System (IEWS) ..................................... 13 John Clifford, OBE ............................................................................ 36 Joseph R. Pitts EW Scholarship program............................................. 39

US Army, RFI for Spectrum Monitoring and Engineering Control System (SMECS) life-cycle replacement ............................. 16 US Army, RFI for UAS EW capabilities ................................................ 14 US Army, RFP for IEWS Increment 1 ................................................... 13 William E. “Bud” Sears III, obituary................................................... 39 X-Com Systems, US Army contract for mobile RF recording, DF system ............................................................. 17

Quickly find companies and products in the AOC EW/SIGINT Online Resource Guide www.ewsigint.net

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