JED Magazine 2015-02

FEBRUARY 2015 Vol. 38, No. 2

The Electronic Warfare Publication www.crows.org

The Journal of Electronic Defense

Maritime SIGINT: Shipboard Ears for the “Five Eyes”

Also in this issue:

Technology Survey: Analog-to-Digital Converters

ELECTRONIC WARFARE

MISSION: SEIZE THE SPECTRUM

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February 2015 • Volume 38, Issue 2

The Electronic Warfare Publication www.crows.org

The Journal of Electronic Defense

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

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News The Monitor 15 US Navy Moves Ahead on High-Power Laser Demonstrator. World Report 24 Selex ES to Study Enhanced Active Decoy for Ship Defense.

Features

Departments 6 8 10 12 42 47 49 50

The View From Here Conferences Calendar Courses Calendar From the President EW 101 AOC News Index of Advertisers JED Quick Look

Maritime SIGINT: Shipborne Ears for the “Five Eyes” 26 Richard Scott

Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the US and the UK have been “Five Eyes” partners since World War 2. One very successful aspect of this alliance has been intelligence collection, including naval signals intelligence. Technology Survey: Analog-to-Digital Converters 35 Ollie Holt

Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) are essential components of EW and SIGINT systems. This month, JED looks at what ADCs and ADC cards are available on the market.

Cover photo courtesy US Navy.

Keysight N5193A UXG Agile Signal Generator Switch frequency, amplitude and phase in just 250 ns Generate wide chirps that are 10% to 25% of carrier frequency Use pulse descriptor words to generate long pulse trains and individuallyy control pulse characteristics p

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MAINTAINING DOD FOCUS ON EW

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t’s February, and that means the Pentagon leadership will begin its annual pilgrimage across the Potomac to provide testimony in front of Congressional defense committees. This is usually a fairly straightforward process, as Service secretaries, generals and admirals spell out their needs and plans for the next fiscal year. It is timed to coincide with the DOD’s release of its annual budget request. There is new leadership on the House Armed Services Committee in the form of Rep. Mac Thornberry, and Sen. John McCain has taken the reins of the Senate Armed Services Committee. And, as happened in FY2013, the DOD is expected to request far more funding than the Congressional budget caps allow. The last time this occurred, it created significant uncertainty in the defense industry, because big cuts were potentially hanging over many major programs, Electronic Warfare (EW) programs included. Politics aside, it is worth noting how much attention EW programs have received in recent testimony compared with the past. In the 1990s and early 2000s, EW was rarely mentioned, either as part of prepared testimony from Service leaders or in questions posed by Congressional committee members. Today, it’s a different story with EW often listed among the DOD priorities, although this trend is not universal; the Navy typically has far more to say on EW than the Army does, for example. Overall, however, the DOD’s focus on EW has been positive. The US Government has some important spectrum decisions coming its way in the future. One of these issues is how the DOD and the commercial telecommunications providers can work out a plan to share certain spectrum bands. The DOD is interfacing with a newly formed National Spectrum Consortium to help it develop technologies and solutions that could address some of the spectrum “real estate” challenges that DOD’s test and training centers face in the future. Congress can play an important role in this process, especially as it weighs the benefits and negative impacts of upcoming Government spectrum auctions. The attention that EW and larger EMS issues are receiving from the DOD and Congress is a very positive development, especially compared with the benign neglect these issues often endured in the past. Let’s remember what it was like not so long ago and recognize how we can keep EW issues near the top of the priority list. – J. Knowles

Editorial Note JED readers have brought to our attention several technical errors in the article, “GPGPU Rising: A Game Changer for EW?” from the November 2014 JED. As a result, JED is conducting an in-depth editorial review of this article, and we will address these concerns when our review is completed. We sincerely thank the readers who brought the matter to our attention.

The Electronic Warfare Publication www.crows.org

The Journal of Electronic Defense

FEBRUARY 2015 • Vol. 38, No. 2

EDITORIAL STAFF Editor: John Knowles Managing Editor: Elaine Richardson Senior Editor: John Haystead Technical Editor: Ollie Holt Contributing Writers: Dave Adamy, Barry Manz, Richard Scott Marketing & Research Coordinator: Kent Agramonte Proofreader: Shauna Keedian Sales Administration: Candice Blair

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Mr. Micael Johansson Senior Vice President and Head of Business Area, Electronic Defence Systems, Saab Mr. Edgar Maimon General Manager, Elbit Systems EW and SIGINT – Elisra Mr. Jeffrey Palombo Senior VP and GM, Land and Self-Protection Systems Division, Electronic Systems, Northrop Grumman Corp. Mr. Steve Roberts Vice President, Strategy, Selex Galileo Mr. Travis Slocumb VP, Electronic Warfare Systems, Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems Mr. Rich Sorelle President, Electronic Systems Division, Exelis Gp Capt P.J. Wallace Assistant Head Targeting, Military Strategic Effects, UK MOD Dr. Richard Wittstruck Acting Deputy Program Executive Officer, PEO Intelligence, Electronic Warfare and Sensors, USA

PRODUCTION STAFF Layout & Design: Barry Senyk Advertising Art: Elaine Connell Contact the Editor: (978) 509-1450, [email protected] Contact the Sales Manager: (800) 369-6220 or [email protected] Subscription Information: Please contact Glorianne O’Neilin at (703) 549-1600 or e-mail [email protected]. The Journal of Electronic Defense is published for the AOC by

5950 NW 1st Place Gainesville, FL 32607 Phone: (800) 369-6220 • Fax: (352) 331-3525 www.naylor.com ©2015 Association of Old Crows/Naylor, LLC. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced by any means, in whole or in part, without the prior written authorization of the publisher. Editorial: The articles and editorials appearing in this magazine do not represent an official AOC position, except for the official notices printed in the “Association News” section or unless specifically identified as an AOC position. PUBLISHED FEBRUARY 2015/JED-M0215/8947

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FEBRUARY AFA Air Warfare Symposium February 11-13 Orlando, FL www.afa.org

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44th Annual Collaborative EW Symposium March 31-April 2 Point Mugu, CA www.crows.org

APRIL

AOC EW Europe 2015 May 26-28 Stockholm, Sweden www.eweurope.com

JUNE

National EW Workshop India (EWWI 2015) February 11-13 Bangalore, India www.aoc-india.org

Navy League Sea-Air-Space April 13-15 National Harbor, MD www.seaairspace.org

6th Annual Electronic Warfare/ Cyber Convergence Conference June 2-4 Charleston, SC www.crows.org

Aero India February 18-22 Bangalore, India www.aeroindia.in

LAAD Defence & Security April 14-17 Rio de Janiero, Brazil www.laadexpo.org

Paris Air Show June 15-21 Paris, France www.siae.fr/EN

IDEX 2015 February 22-26 Abu Dhabi, UAE www.idexuae.ae

AOC EW Latin America 2015 April 16 Rio de Janiero, Brazil www.crows.org

MARCH

MAY

40th Annual Dixie Crow Symposium March 22-26 Warner Robins, GA www.crows.org

Unmanned Systems 2015 May 4-7 Atlanta, GA www.auvsishow.org

Army Aviation Mission Solutions Summit March 29-31 National Harbor, MD www.quad-a.org

International Microwave Show May 17-22 Phoenix, AZ www.ims2015.org

AUGUST 7th Annual EW Capability Gaps and Enabling Technologies Operational & Technical Information Exchange August 11-16 Crane, IN www.crows.org a

Items in red denote AOC Headquarters or AOC Global Connections events. Items in blue denote AOC Chapter events.

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

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FEBRUARY Essential EW Terms and Concepts February 4 LIVE Online Webcourse www.crows.org AOC Virtual Series: LTE - Ready for Critical Communication? February 12 1400-1500 EST (1900-2000 GMT) www.crows.org

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Fundamentals of Photonics in EW Applications February 16-18 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu

Defence Electro-Optics and Imaging Systems March 2 Swindon, Oxfordshire, UK www.cranfield.ac.uk

AOC Virtual Series: Vulnerabilities of LTE February 19 1400-1500 EST (1900-2000 GMT) www.crows.org

Introduction to Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) March 4 LIVE Online Webcourse www.crows.org Aircraft Survivability March 9 Swindon, Oxfordshire, UK www.cranfield.ac.uk

APRIL Basic RF EW Concepts April 14-16 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu DIRCM: Technology, Modeling and Testing April 14-16 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu EW 104: Critical Thinking and Problem Solving for Electronic Warfare April 14-17 Linthicum, MD www.crows.org

10 The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

Introduction to Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Concepts, Systems and Test and Evaluation April 14-17 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu Advanced Photonic Systems and Applications for EW April 20-22 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu Coping with Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) Radar April 30 LIVE Online Webcourse www.crows.org

MAY Infrared Countermeasures May 5-8 Atlanta, GA www.pe.gatech.edu Essentials of 21st Century Electronic Warfare May 12-15 Alexandria, VA www.crows.org a

Items in red denote AOC Headquarters or AOC Global Connections events. Items in blue denote AOC Chapter events. 724219_DowKey.indd 1

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EW TRANSITIONS: KNOWING WHEN TO ACT

Association of Old Crows 1000 North Payne Street, Suite 200 Alexandria, VA 22314-1652 Phone: (703) 549-1600 Fax: (703) 549-2589 PRESIDENT Ken Israel VICE PRESIDENT Dave Hime SECRETARY Vickie Greenier TREASURER Joe Koesters PAST PRESIDENT Wayne Shaw

“C The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

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oncede the theory and you will have no trouble in practice,” said Winston Churchill. The operational driving metric for any air platform is flying hour costs. The flying hour cost of a B-2 is more than $100K+ per hour; an F-35 is between $40K and 50K per hour; an F-16 is $25K per hour, whereas an MQ-1 is $4K per hour. A friend of mine came up with the comparative term: pound hour per kilodollar. By that, he meant how much does it cost to put a sized payload, measured in pounds, over a threat area for a specified amount of time. Another way of saying this is cost per flying hour. It is clear after extensive analysis (and after debunking the arguments of self-appointed critics) that unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are cheaper to operate. In a world where persistence is considered an asymmetric advantage, being able to hover over a potential threat area is vital. I was often criticized for supporting UAVs because they did not have digital curiosity. Yes, I would respond, but they also do not suffer from digital fatigue. It is natural then to realize the progression of integrating UAVs with different payloads (i.e., sensors, communication packages, Hellfires), and this interest would eventually migrate to EW/IO/Cyber and other EMS payloads. For example, the Pandora EW jamming pod is a multifunction wideband solution that provides electronic attack, support and protect capabilities to ground forces. Another example is the NERO pod (Networked Electronic Warfare Remotely Operated), which also verified that this EW payload could operate at full power without adverse effects to the other electronic systems on a UAV. Tests evaluating both pods verified the viability of using an unmanned aerial system to perform electronic attack and electronic support missions. One of the key findings of the recent Defense Science Board report, “21st Century Military Operations in a Complex Electromagnetic Environment,” was that the Pentagon needed to increase its emphasis on, and speed in, rapidly adapting proven warfighting EW capabilities. We have noted that non-nation entities and extremists use the Internet and its associated IP enabled devices as its Command and Control (C2) system. The average terrorist uses 6 cell phones and 12 SIM cards a day. We must renew our focus on interrupting their C2 nodes and make it impossible for their dispersed and small units to maintain connectivity and share information. The marriage of UAVs and EW payloads provides responsiveness to dynamically changing policies and mission scenarios, and generates a cost-imposing strategy on any adversary. By equipping our sizable fleet of MQ-1s and MQ-9s with EW payloads, we effectively deny Communications on the Move (COTM) capabilities to today’s extremists. It is time someone in the Pentagon takes responsibility for aggressively transitioning EW/IO/ Cyber/EMS capabilities to the field. An industry executive said it very aptly: “Control and exploitation of the electromagnetic spectrum will strongly influence future conflicts.” – Maj Gen Ken Israel, USAF (Ret.)

AT-LARGE DIRECTORS Powder Carlson Todd Caruso Vickie Greenier Craig Harm Brian Hinkley Amanda Kammier Mark Schallheim Muddy Watters Paul Westcott APPOINTED DIRECTORS Robert Elder Anthony Lisuzzo REGIONAL DIRECTORS Southern: Lisa Fruge-Cirilli Central: Joe Koesters Northeastern: Nino Amoroso Mountain-Western: Sam Roberts Mid-Atlantic: Douglas Lamb Pacific: Joe Hulsey International I: Robert Andrews International II: Jeff Walsh IO: Al Bynum AOC STAFF Mike Dolim Executive Director [email protected] Shelley Frost Director, Logistics [email protected] Glorianne O’Neilin Director, Member Services [email protected] Brock Sheets Director, Marketing [email protected] John Clifford Director, Global Programs [email protected] Stew Taylor Exhibits Manager [email protected] Bridget Whyde Marketing/Communications Assistant [email protected]

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OCTAVE BAND LOW NOISE AMPLIFIERS Model No. Freq (GHz) Gain (dB) MIN Noise Figure (dB) Power -out @ P1-dB 3rd Order ICP VSWR CA01-2110 0.5-1.0 28 1.0 MAX, 0.7 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA12-2110 1.0-2.0 30 1.0 MAX, 0.7 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA24-2111 2.0-4.0 29 1.1 MAX, 0.95 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA48-2111 4.0-8.0 29 1.3 MAX, 1.0 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA812-3111 8.0-12.0 27 1.6 MAX, 1.4 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA1218-4111 12.0-18.0 25 1.9 MAX, 1.7 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA1826-2110 18.0-26.5 32 3.0 MAX, 2.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 NARROW BAND LOW NOISE AND MEDIUM POWER AMPLIFIERS CA01-2111 0.4 - 0.5 28 0.6 MAX, 0.4 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA01-2113 0.8 - 1.0 28 0.6 MAX, 0.4 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA12-3117 1.2 - 1.6 25 0.6 MAX, 0.4 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA23-3111 2.2 - 2.4 30 0.6 MAX, 0.45 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA23-3116 2.7 - 2.9 29 0.7 MAX, 0.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA34-2110 3.7 - 4.2 28 1.0 MAX, 0.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA56-3110 5.4 - 5.9 40 1.0 MAX, 0.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA78-4110 7.25 - 7.75 32 1.2 MAX, 1.0 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA910-3110 9.0 - 10.6 25 1.4 MAX, 1.2 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA1315-3110 13.75 - 15.4 25 1.6 MAX, 1.4 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA12-3114 1.35 - 1.85 30 4.0 MAX, 3.0 TYP +33 MIN +41 dBm 2.0:1 CA34-6116 3.1 - 3.5 40 4.5 MAX, 3.5 TYP +35 MIN +43 dBm 2.0:1 CA56-5114 5.9 - 6.4 30 5.0 MAX, 4.0 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1 CA812-6115 8.0 - 12.0 30 4.5 MAX, 3.5 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1 CA812-6116 8.0 - 12.0 30 5.0 MAX, 4.0 TYP +33 MIN +41 dBm 2.0:1 CA1213-7110 12.2 - 13.25 28 6.0 MAX, 5.5 TYP +33 MIN +42 dBm 2.0:1 CA1415-7110 14.0 - 15.0 30 5.0 MAX, 4.0 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1 CA1722-4110 17.0 - 22.0 25 3.5 MAX, 2.8 TYP +21 MIN +31 dBm 2.0:1 ULTRA-BROADBAND & MULTI-OCTAVE BAND AMPLIFIERS Model No. Freq (GHz) Gain (dB) MIN Noise Figure (dB) Power -out @ P1-dB 3rd Order ICP VSWR CA0102-3111 0.1-2.0 28 1.6 Max, 1.2 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA0106-3111 0.1-6.0 28 1.9 Max, 1.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA0108-3110 0.1-8.0 26 2.2 Max, 1.8 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA0108-4112 0.1-8.0 32 3.0 MAX, 1.8 TYP +22 MIN +32 dBm 2.0:1 CA02-3112 0.5-2.0 36 4.5 MAX, 2.5 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1 CA26-3110 2.0-6.0 26 2.0 MAX, 1.5 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA26-4114 2.0-6.0 22 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1 CA618-4112 6.0-18.0 25 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +23 MIN +33 dBm 2.0:1 CA618-6114 6.0-18.0 35 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +30 MIN +40 dBm 2.0:1 CA218-4116 2.0-18.0 30 3.5 MAX, 2.8 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA218-4110 2.0-18.0 30 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +20 MIN +30 dBm 2.0:1 CA218-4112 2.0-18.0 29 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +24 MIN +34 dBm 2.0:1 LIMITING AMPLIFIERS Model No. Freq (GHz) Input Dynamic Range Output Power Range Psat Power Flatness dB VSWR CLA24-4001 2.0 - 4.0 -28 to +10 dBm +7 to +11 dBm +/- 1.5 MAX 2.0:1 CLA26-8001 2.0 - 6.0 -50 to +20 dBm +14 to +18 dBm +/- 1.5 MAX 2.0:1 CLA712-5001 7.0 - 12.4 -21 to +10 dBm +14 to +19 dBm +/- 1.5 MAX 2.0:1 CLA618-1201 6.0 - 18.0 -50 to +20 dBm +14 to +19 dBm +/- 1.5 MAX 2.0:1 AMPLIFIERS WITH INTEGRATED GAIN ATTENUATION Model No. Freq (GHz) Gain (dB) MIN Noise Figure (dB) Power -out @ P1-dB Gain Attenuation Range VSWR CA001-2511A 0.025-0.150 21 5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP +12 MIN 30 dB MIN 2.0:1 CA05-3110A 0.5-5.5 23 2.5 MAX, 1.5 TYP +18 MIN 20 dB MIN 2.0:1 CA56-3110A 5.85-6.425 28 2.5 MAX, 1.5 TYP +16 MIN 22 dB MIN 1.8:1 CA612-4110A 6.0-12.0 24 2.5 MAX, 1.5 TYP +12 MIN 15 dB MIN 1.9:1 CA1315-4110A 13.75-15.4 25 2.2 MAX, 1.6 TYP +16 MIN 20 dB MIN 1.8:1 CA1518-4110A 15.0-18.0 30 3.0 MAX, 2.0 TYP +18 MIN 20 dB MIN 1.85:1 LOW FREQUENCY AMPLIFIERS Power -out @ P1-dB 3rd Order ICP VSWR Model No. Freq (GHz) Gain (dB) MIN Noise Figure dB CA001-2110 0.01-0.10 18 4.0 MAX, 2.2 TYP +10 MIN +20 dBm 2.0:1 CA001-2211 0.04-0.15 24 3.5 MAX, 2.2 TYP +13 MIN +23 dBm 2.0:1 CA001-2215 0.04-0.15 23 4.0 MAX, 2.2 TYP +23 MIN +33 dBm 2.0:1 CA001-3113 0.01-1.0 28 4.0 MAX, 2.8 TYP +17 MIN +27 dBm 2.0:1 CA002-3114 0.01-2.0 27 4.0 MAX, 2.8 TYP +20 MIN +30 dBm 2.0:1 CA003-3116 0.01-3.0 18 4.0 MAX, 2.8 TYP +25 MIN +35 dBm 2.0:1 CA004-3112 0.01-4.0 32 4.0 MAX, 2.8 TYP +15 MIN +25 dBm 2.0:1

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t he

monitor news

The Office of Naval Research (ONR) has issued a Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) for design, development and demonstration of a solid-state, high-power Laser Weapon System Demonstrator (LWSD). The overall goal of the project is to provide a laser weapon system capable of engaging and defeating multiple threat targets with performance characteristics significantly improved over current and previous systems. According to the BAA, ONR believes that substantial improvements in laser weapon system lethality can be achieved through maturation and optimization of a variety of system characteristics, including increased Solid-State Laser (SSL) power. “Government estimates indicate that systems with laser power of 100-150 kW may be supportable using ship power and cooling.” In fact, the BAA notes that recent advancements in the power and durability of commercially available SSL technologies enabled the Navy to execute a quick-reaction effort and operationally field a prototype SSL weapon, know as the Laser Weapon System (LaWS) onboard the USS Ponce last summer, where it has since been undergoing testing and demonstration in the Persian Gulf.

The LaWS is being evaluated onboard the USS Ponce in the Persian Gulf.

Other potential advances in beam quality, beam director architecture, and other physical and optical aspects of the laser, beam director, and system design, are also identified as achievable, as well as improvements in duty

cycle, operability, and maintainability. The program is targeting a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 6 for the system in order to support the Navy’s potential consideration of a Program of Record (PoR) milestone decision. The BAA calls for “fully-integrated system-level proposals for the LWSD,” stating that “proposals that only address partial solutions or component-level technologies will not be considered for award.” The LWSD will consist of a performer-supplied Tactical Laser Core Module (TLCM) that will include “at a minimum: a high power SSL subsystem; a beam director subsystem (including accommodation for Mission Specific Modules (MSMs); a targeting and tracking subsystem; fire control subsystem; and the necessary power or cooling subsystems to address interface or capacity issues that might be presented by the available ship utilities.” The program is to be organized around a three-phased acquisition structure, with an overall 30-month timeline from contract award to project completion with at-sea testing. Phase I will include “development and refinement of the TLCM design package and risk reduction efforts from System Requirements Review (SRR) through Preliminary Design Review (PDR), completing after the Critical Design Review (CDR).” Phase II addresses system fabrication, landbased testing and demonstrator delivery; while Phase III covers installation and sea-based testing. Ultimately, the LWSD will be installed aboard a Navy test ship for at-sea testing and demonstrations. There, it will be “operated from the ship to execute live-fire engagements in day and night conditions under operationally derived test scenarios consistent with ship self-defense missions, including countering threats from adversary Fast Attack Craft/Fast In-Shore Attack Craft (FAC/FIAC), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), and sensor systems used for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR).” Though the program’s current funding and timeline only support testing on the Navy’s Self Defense Test Ship (SDTS) USS Paul Foster, the BAA states that design approaches should address the possibility of subsequent installation on a DDG-51 FLT IIA class destroyer with minimal modifications and cost. The solicitation number is: ONRBAA15-0005. The primary point of contact is: Vanessa Seymour, (703) 696-4591, e-mail: [email protected]. – J. Haystead

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

NAVY MOVES AHEAD ON HIGH-POWER LASER DEMONSTRATOR

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DARPA CALLS FOR “RADIOMAP” PHASE 3 RESEARCH PROPOSALS

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

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The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Strategic Technology Office is seeking innovative research proposals for Phase 3 of the Advanced RF Mapping (RadioMap) program. RadioMap, aims to provide tactical RF situational awareness through a heterogeneous sensor network composed of RF receiver/ transmitters deployed for other purposes and without harming their original functions. “In particular, flexible and tunable devices such as tactical software-defined radios can offer high benefits through their ability to perform a range of scanning, monitoring, and transmission functions.” Among the existing RF devices that may be incorporated into the RadioMap network are: mounted or dismounted tactical radios; systems supporting Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations (EMSO), such as mounted or dismounted CREW devices; and dismount-capable data devices, such as Joint Battle CommandPlatform (JBC-P) or Nett Warrior, employing a low cost RF sensor. The BAA describes the RF Mapping function as including: observation of transmissions; determining the type and characteristics of active devices and networks; and estimating spectrum occupancy and usage throughout the area of interest. Additional capabilities requested include: maximization of RF mapping performance under conditions of randomly changing network link and

sensor availability; detection, geolocation, and efficient implementation of queries for real-time and historical instances of signals of interest within the sensor field; and a capability to perform RF mapping at reduced accuracy in situations where prior RF measurements of the environment are lacking, or building data are lacking, or both. The new BAA reflects DARPA’s plans to transition the technology development work accomplished in the RadioMap Phase 1 and Phase 2 efforts into a complete system for the US Marine Corps in support of small unit operations, spectrum management and other EMSO. As with many DARPA programs, research proposals are strictly restricted to revolutionary (as opposed to evolutionary) advances. The program is composed of two “task areas.” Task 1 covers the development of an integrated RadioMap system suitable for transition to a USMC Program of Record, including a transition roadmap. The roadmap should include: Tactics techniques and procedures (TTPs) applicable to RF Mapping, the RF Tactical Alerting System (RF TAS), and Wireless And Large-scale Distributed Operations (WALDO); hardware and software requirements and configuration standards; user interface guidelines for RF applications; accreditation strategy to include security analysis and information exchange requirements; as well as any added features and modifications

to the final Phase 3 RadioMap system before operational deployment. The BAA states that RF Mapping performance must exceed that established for RadioMap Phase 2 including: accuracy of 10 dB median, 20 dB 90th percentile; latency of 1min delay for 1min of data across 20 devices, excluding data transfer time; update every 10 seconds; and geolocation within 200m median error of any signals of interest that are active for more than one minute. The RF TAS provides RF situational awareness directly to small tactical units. The BAA notes that a key challenge for this system is providing tactical utility despite the high workload of users on other tasks. “Usability and minimization of false alarms are important areas of research,“ and “the application should be able to operate in units disconnected from higher echelons but should also be able to leverage higher echelon resources such as filtering of potential threats by intelligence organizations when connected.” The BAA states that the RF TAS application “should deliver the following performance when there are five devices deployed in an appropriate geometry within 1 km2 – raise an alert reporting any signals of interest (SOI), missing no more than 10% of the signals of interest, with no more than one in 100 of the alerts being a false alarm; raise an alert within 30 seconds of the initiation of a transmission, including Line of

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Bearing and range from the centroid of the sensor devices to the emitter of the SOI, with 90% probability of correctness defined as follows: Line Of Bearing (LOB) within ±45 degrees; and range binned into one of three categories: < 200m, 200m–1km, > 1km.” The Task 1 effort also calls for development of a user interface for WALDO called the WALDO Management System. WALDO is the underlying software system that leverages and coordinates the reception and transmission capability of available RF devices, in support of applications like RF mapping. The BAA states that “the WALDO management system should be capable of: monitoring a large WALDO network (~100 nodes) in near-real-time, including visualization of sensor location, status, and the assignment of tasks for particular applications.” It must also be capable of “executing on computer and display platforms likely to be found in or deployable to a USMC EMSO Staff location.” The BAA stresses that “all aspects of the RadioMap system should minimize

network load and tolerate intermittent connectivity among components” and that “proposers should maintain focus on secure operation in all aspects of the system design.” The Task 1 effort includes demonstration of at least two devices of different types operating as part of the system while simultaneously performing their primary missions. A single contract award is anticipated for the Task 1 effort, which will run for 24 months. Task 2 of the RadioMap Phase 3 effort is intended to develop methods to incorporate data from sensors on lowaltitude aircraft, such as helicopters or Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), to improve RF mapping. The BAA notes that one of the challenges of using airborne platforms for the purpose are their omni-directional antennas, which make it difficult to resolve the spatial origin of an observed transmission. Task 2 will study ways to overcome this challenge. Research on antenna technology is discouraged with solutions that draw on existing antenna

designs preferred. The BAA emphasizes that SWAP and integration costs for deployment of the selected antenna(s) on USMC airborne platforms or UAS are key issues to incorporate in the cost side of the analysis. Multiple awards are anticipated for Task 2 efforts, which will run for nine months followed by a 15-month option. The solicitation number is: DARPABAA-15-07. Proposals are due on February 13, 2015. The point of contact can be reached at: DARPA-BAA-15-07@darpa. mil. DARPA anticipates soliciting additional efforts for RadioMap Phase 3 after contract award of the current opportunity. – J. Haystead

DOD ISSUES 2015 SMALL BUSINESS SOLICITATIONS The DOD has released its first set of topics for Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) awards in 2015. The current solicitations are particularly heavy on topics related to electronic warfare and electromagnetic spectrum

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

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International Microwave Symposium IEEE 17-22 May 2015 • Phoenix, Arizona, USA MTT-S

2015 plenary speaker SOFT ASSEMBLIES OF RADIOS, SENSORS AND CIRCUITS FOR THE SKIN - Dr. John Rogers

Swanlund Chair, Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, Professor of Chemistry

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Professor John A. Rogers obtained BA and BS degrees in chemistry and in physics from the University of Texas, Austin, in 1989. From MIT, he received SM degrees in physics and in chemistry in 1992 and the PhD degree in physical chemistry in 1995. From 1995 to 1997, Rogers was a Junior Fellow in the Harvard University Society of Fellows. He joined Bell Laboratories as a Member of Technical Staff in the Condensed Matter Physics Research Department in 1997, and served as Director of this department from the end of 2000 to 2002. He is currently Swanlund Chair Professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, with a primary appointment in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and joint appointments in several other departments, including Chemistry. He is Director of the Seitz Materials Research Laboratory. Rogers’ research includes fundamental and applied aspects of materials for unusual electronic and photonic devices, with an emphasis on bio-integrated and bio-inspired systems. He has published more than 450 papers and is inventor on over 80 patents, more than 50 of which are licensed or in active use. Rogers is a Fellow of the IEEE, APS, MRS and the AAAS, and he is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. His research has been recognized with many awards, including a MacArthur Fellowship in 2009, the Lemelson-MIT Prize in 2011, the MRS Mid-Career Researcher Award and the Robert Henry Thurston Award (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) in 2013, and the 2013 Smithsonian Award for Ingenuity in the Physical Sciences.

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The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

AIR FORCE Topic AF151-005, “Integrated Photonics,” plans to “develop an Integrated Photonic Design platform for enhancing the performance of analog and mixed signal processing modules for military applications.” Applications include an ultra wide-band receiver for EW. Topic AF151-014, “Breakdown Resistant Materials for HPM Sources,” is looking to advance the next generation of high power microwave (HPM) sources, which will require unique materials capable of conducting current without breakdown. The goal is to design “breakdown resistant materials with high Field Emission (FE) and desorption thresholds at L-band and low emission threshold cathode materials with high current for lower voltages (~300kV).” Topic AF151-025, “Multi-Channel, High Resolution, High Dynamic Range, Broadband RF Mapping System,” seeks to develop a system that will “characterize electromagnetic field maps in the near field of RF emitters” to improve the performance of antennas. Topic AF151-047, “Electronic Warfare Battle Manager Situation Awareness (EWBM-SA)” seeks to “develop and demonstrate innovative software capabilities to increase the commander’s situation awareness of the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) to enhance resiliency of distributed control.” Phase I involves analysis and identification of promising technologies to enable SA in management of the EMS in contested environments, as well as development of a design concept with an eye toward prototype. Topic AF151-079, “Automated Terrestrial EMI Emitter Locator for AFSCN Ground Stations” enters the realm of space programs, seeking to “create an automated system that identifies location of terrestrial and airborne transmitters that cause EMI interference with satellite downlinks.” Topic AF151-109, “Hostile Fire Detection and Neutralization” seeks to “develop an airborne sensor capability to

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rapidly detect and neutralize groundbased weapons. Threats include both optically and non-optically sighted systems.” Topic AF151-144, “Electronic Warfare Circumvent and Recover” tackles issues resulting from the increase in the technology readiness level (TRL) of offensive EW weapons, which can result in teams needing to limit system vulnerabilities. The service seeks to develop “a circumvention and recovery scheme that can sense EW weapon induced effects on electronics, mitigate before damage to the logic and/or hardware is incurred, and resume operations when levels have reduced to safe operating levels.” ARMY Topic A15-016, “True Double-clad Fully Crystalline Laser Fiber Development for DEW Applications” looks at fiber lasers as promising for Directed Energy Weapons (DEWs). Specifically, the solicitation is looking to develop “double-clad fully crystalline coilable fibers to enable HEL power scaling to DEW-sufficient power levels from a single fiber aperture.”

Topic A15-037, “Cognitive Algorithm Development for Aircraft Survivability” looks at a promising addition to modern aircraft survivability suites with development and demonstration of “a Long-Wave Infrared (LWIR) Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) system for Army aircraft optimized for aircraft survivability.” Topic A15-041, “Growth of III-V Antimonide (SB)-based Superlattice Material with Superior Performance” would like to revolutionize size, weight and power issues of infrared sensors and lasers, improving over current state of the art systems by development of “a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth model based on innovative 3-D molecular level models leading to superior III-V strained layer superlattice materials.” Applications include IR countermeasures and detection/location of hostile fire. Topic A15-076, “New Mid-IR Laser Power Scaling Technology via Fiber Combiner” seeks to develop mid-wave infrared lasers to provide high power beam delivery on a single optical fiber

or aperture for use in next generation IR countermeasures and other systems. Topic A15-079, “Beam Director for Ultra Short Pulse Laser Long Range Target Acquisition, Targeting, and Engagement” plans to define and develop Ultra Short Pulse Laser (USPL) beam technology, which can be used, in their native source, as a non-conventional probe for defeat of digital RF memory jammers. NAVY Topic N151-021, “Advanced Modeling and Visualization of Effects for Future Electronic Warfare Systems” seeks to develop “the capability to model and visualize the complex tactical EW environment, including EW effects, threat radars, tactical aircraft, and other tactically-relevant information in support of Airborne Electronic Attack (AEA) mission planning for current and future EW systems, such as the Next Generation Jammer (NGJ).” Topic N151-023, “Low-Cost-By-Design Widely Tunable Mid-Wave Infrared Surface Emitting Lasers” seeks to “develop a low-cost, robust, compact, widely

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tunable Surface-Emitting (SE) semiconductor laser with no mechanical moving parts of any kind.” Topic N151-025, “Ignition Composition with Low Moisture Susceptibility” seeks to “develop an ignition composition that is not susceptible to moisture, is stable with respect to long term storage, is easy to light, provides excellent ignition transfer, is easy to fabricate, and is safe to handle” for use in Airborne Expendable Infrared Countermeasures (AEIRCMs). Topic N151-029, “Advanced Radio Magnetic Powder for Additive Manufacturing” is looking to “develop an additive manufacturing process for low loss, high index, and high wave characteristic impedance magnetic powder utilizing breakthrough technology to improve Navy Electronic Warfare (EW) systems.” Topic N151-036, “Next Generation Electronic Warfare Human Machine Interface (HMI) for Submarines,” seeks to “develop an intuitive, responsive, and open Human Machine Interface (HMI) system for the submarine AN/BLQ-10B (V) ESM system for increased operator efficiency and decision-making for submarine operators.” Topic N151-039, “Compact, Low-Voltage, Multiple-Beam Electron Gun for High-Power Miniature Millimeter-Wave Amplifiers” seeks to meet the Navy requirement for “high-power, low-volume, reduced-weight, efficient and affordable millimeter-wave amplifiers for Electronic Warfare (EW) systems” by developing a multiple-beam electron gun with permanent magnet focusing for a broadband, millimeter-wave amplifier. Topic N151-059 “Digital Direction Finding (DF) System for the Next Generation Submarine Electronic Warfare (EW)” is looking to “develop a new Submarine Imaging Mast Direction Finding (DF) capability for the Next Generation Submarine Electronic Warfare (EW) System” to meet needs for EW and Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) improvements to support force application and battlespace awareness. Topic N151-080, “Counter Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance and Targeting (C-ISRT), Assessment for Electromagnetic Maneuver Warfare (EMW) and Integrated Fires (IF),” seeks to “develop algorithms and methods to

measure the effectiveness of Counter Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance and Targeting (C-ISRT), Cyber and Electronic Warfare effects in near real time in support of Electromagnetic Maneuver Warfare (EMW) and Integrated Fires (IF).” – JED Staff

IN BRIEF The Naval Research Lab (NRL) has issued a request for information (RFI) to help it plan a new start Future Naval Capability (FNC) program that will develop and test a new shipboard EW decoy. The effort, known as the Ship-launched EW Extended Endurance Decoy (SEWEED), is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, Aerospace Science Research Division (ONR Code 351). Specifically, NRL is looking for statements of interest from companies interested in designing and building a limited number of prototype EW decoy platforms or subsystems for testing in FY18-FY19. RFI responses were due on January 13. The point of contact is Reese Van Wyen, (202) 404-2398, e-mail [email protected].

✪ ✪ ✪ Northrop Grumman has named Thomas H. Jones as vice president and general manager, Advanced Concepts and Technologies (AC&T) for the company’s Electronic Systems sector. Jones will have executive responsibility for all AC&T strategic planning activities and operations, including advanced architectures and advanced technologies, according to a company announcement. He will also oversee the shaping of customer research and development, advanced-research relationships with independent laboratories and universities, management of intellectual property and technology partnerships, foundry development, enterprise collaboration for continuous innovation and ensuring the incubation of advanced concepts.

✪ ✪ ✪ The US Army’s Aviation Development Directorate-Aviation Applied Technology Directorate (ADD-AATD) at Fort Eustis, VA, has issued a call for concept papers for the Joint Aircraft Survivability Program (JASP). The solicitation, under BAA 2015W911W6-

15-R-0005, seeks proposals that address three main areas: susceptibility reduction, vulnerability reduction, and survivability assessment (modeling and simulation). In the area of susceptibility reduction, which includes electronic warfare, the JASP has particular interest in 1) technologies or concepts that would benefit operational units in the near-term by solving an immediate need or capability gap (e. g., RPG/small arms fire countermeasures, multi-spectral data fusion, UAS countermeasures, threat exploitation, improved countermeasures dispensing techniques); 2) technologies that improve Blue Force situational awareness; 3) technologies or concepts that will defeat current and future generation EO/IR guided threats; 4) technologies that will defeat current- and future-generation unguided threats (e.g., RPGs); and 5) technologies or concepts that will counter advanced coherent, parameter-agile radar threats (e.g., advanced radars and passive radars countermeasures and/or exploitation, DRFM EA/EP, cognitive electronic techniques and improved chaff). The Army plans to award up to $3 million across multiple contracts for JASP research. JASP project proposals are due February 23. The point of contact is Robert Waible, (757) 878-2062, e-mail [email protected].

✪ ✪ ✪ The Air Force Research Laboratory’s Information Directorate (Rome, NY) has issued a Broad Agency Announcement aimed at further development of its existing “Controllable Contested Environment” (CCE) at its Stockbridge, NY, facility. Under this BAA, the Air Force is seeking white papers that propose new capabilities that will support the warfighter in an anti-access area denial (A2/AD) and contested spectrum environment. These technologies should focus on information technologies including communications, networking and RF technologies. The total award for the five-year program is estimated at $9.9 million. The solicitation number is BAA RIK-2015-0003. The primary point of contact is Gail March, (315) 330-7518, e-mail [email protected]. a

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The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

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Selex ES (Basildon, Essex, UK) has been awarded a £1.2 million contract by the UK’s Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL) to conduct a risk reduction study assessing the performance of an upgraded version of the Royal Navy’s (RN’s) Mk 251 Active Decoy Round (ADR). The Enhanced Active Decoy Round (EADR) would leverage previous Selex ES research into a nextgeneration airborne Expendable Active Decoy (EAD), which was developed under an earlier technology demonstration program. The compact, lightweight EAD, which includes a DRFM-based Techniques Generator (TG), is now in the prototype phase. The MK 251 ADR is part of the RN’s “Outfit DLH” decoy system, a rocket-launched RF seduction decoy that deploys an I/J-band jammer payload suspended beneath a parasail. The Outfit DLH’s launch control system automatically computes the optimum engagement geometry, selects the best-placed launcher, programs the correct RF jamming response, and determines the best position from which to execute the firing sequence. According to DSTL, the EADR risk reduction program, to be conducted over nine months, “will increase confidence that the proposed solution will deliver the required capability.” And, “it will provide evidence to assist the MOD decision whether to go ahead with the Enhanced ADR procurement and to assess the potential of the EADR and its ability to mitigate a capability gap on current and future surface platforms.” – R. Scott

L-3 TRL TECHNOLOGY TO SUPPLY UK MEDIUM WEIGHT ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE CAPABILITY L-3 TRL Technology (Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, UK) has won a contract from the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) to provide UK forces with a modular and scalable land and littoral tactical EW solution able to support expeditionary operations. The company submitted a bid for the “Medium Weight Electronic Surveillance Capability (MWESC)” requirement in early 2014, as did Chemring Technology Solutions’ Roke Manor Research (Romsey, Hampshire, UK), Selex ES (Basildon, Essex, UK), and Communications Audit UK (Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, UK). According to L-3, its solution is based on the company’s Military Off The Shelf (MOTS)-networked tactical EW capability, which incorporates a fully-integrated range of fused sensors and effectors, providing capabilities for electronic support measures (ESM), electronic attack (EA), integrated EW command and control, and secure IP-based communications. Its Modular Electronic Warfare System (MEWS) forms the basis of the ESM component of the overall solution, which is supplemented by situational awareness software technology provided by product partner QinetiQ (Farnborough, Hampshire, UK) – R. Scott

IN BRIEF ❍ Turkey’s Undersecretariat for Defence Industries (SSM) has issued a request for proposals for a stand-off jamming system. The program, known as GÖLGE (which roughly translates to mean “shadow” or “silhouette”), includes many aspects, such as procuring the system, integrating and installing the system into the host platform, as well as spares and integrated logistical support. The scope of the contract also includes constructing barracks and buildings where the system will be maintained. Proposals are due February 23. The program point of contact is Erkmen OZCELIK, Project Manager, phone 00 90 312 411 95 28, e-mail [email protected]. ❍ An advanced electronic warfare suite, developed by India’s Defence Avionics Research Establishment (DARE), a Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) laboratory specializing in avionics and electronic warfare systems for combat aircraft, flew for the first time last month onboard the “Tejas-PV1” Light Combat Aircraft (LCA). The EW suite comprises both radar warning and jamming capabilities, which Ms. J Manjula, OS and Director DARE, noted is the first Indian fighter aircraft to be so equipped. “It has the capability for both radar warning and jamming using a Unified EW Technology, and over the coming few months, (we) will be scheduling further sorties to evaluate the system in various signal scenarios.” It is expected that the DRDO will also be supporting development of advanced EW systems for other Indian Air Force (IAF) combat aircraft such as the MIG-29, Sukhoi-30 Mk1, and Mirage-2000. Indian Defence Minister, Manohar Parrikar, has repeatedly noted that by upgrading the IAF’s Sukhoi-30 MKI fighters with new EW suites, the platform would become a viable alternative to buying 126 Dassault Rafale aircraft for the country’s stalled Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MMRCA) requirement. ❍ Through a subcontract from shipbuilder Saab, Exelis (Morgan Hill, CA) has been awarded a $17 million contract to provide Swedish submarines with the latest model of its ES-3701 ESM system. According to the company, the ES-3701 uses a circular array interferometer antenna to provide precise direction finding over a 360-degree azimuth and at high elevation while maintaining a 100 percent probability of interception. “Through digital technology and modern signal processing, the system intercepts, measures and identifies complex signals, (including Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) in dense RF environments even in the presence of interfering signals.” a

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The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

26

Shipboard tactical communications electronic support measures (CESM) systems provide a means to collect information on known or potential threats through the interception, geolocation, monitoring and analysis of signals of interest (SOI), and are thus a key component of a maritime signals intelligence (SIGINT) capability. In contrast to strategic SIGINT, the objective of which is to build up a broad picture of forces, structures and activities over time, tactical SIGINT product affords theater commanders with vital “indications and warning” – in essence the ability to eavesdrop on communications frequencies that can provide critical real-time situational awareness or near-real-time operational intelligence on the disposition and intent of adversaries. The business of maritime “cryptologic exploitation” has witnessed a transformation on several fronts over the past two decades. For example, the move into the littorals has been accompanied by a new focus against rogue states, irregular combatants, terror groups, organized crime syndicates, traffickers and pirates. At the same time, the accelerating pace of commercial telecommunications technology, driven by an explosion in cellular subscriber networks, together with the emergence of new and increasingly complex waveforms in the military and paramilitary sectors, presents significant technical challenges. This has, in turn, driven a revolution in the design and engineering of maritime CESM systems towards open architectures that facilitate incremental technology refreshment to keep pace with emergent threats through the exploitation of rapidly-evolving COTS technology (receivers, demodulators, tun-

ers, controllers, recorders, software and interfaces). Finally, there is an emergent cyber dimension to consider. Naturally, details of cyber/information warfare capabilities remain highly classified, but the role of SIGINT in finding cyber targets can only increase in the years to come. The approach taken by the US Navy is very much a reflection of this culture and technology shift. Back in April 1997, the service formed a Maritime SIGINT Architecture (MSA) Study Group to establish the feasibility of developing a common technical architecture that would serve the needs of tactical cryptologic systems for the maritime services. The MSA subsequently developed a set of technical standards for interoperability and commonality among maritime systems, an approach enshrined in the Service’s Maritime Cryptologic Systems for the 21st Century (MCS 21) program. MCS 21 is an umbrella under which the USN has introduced a common, scalable software baseline applicable to submarine and airborne systems as well as surface ship suites. In the latter case, the Service has embraced the phased evolution of the Ship’s Signal Exploitation Equipment (SSEE) – embracing the Increment E, Increment F and modifications programs – as a successor capability to succeed the legacy SSQ-124(V) Cooperative OUTBOARD Logistics Upgrade (COBLU), AN/SRS-1 Combat DF and AN/ULQ-20 Battle Group Passive Horizon Extension System (BGPHES) suites. The US Navy’s shipboard information warfare and exploitation program is managed through the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR) Battlespace Awareness and Information Operations

Program Office (PMW 120) under PEO C4I. Argon ST, acquired by Boeing in 2010 and now operating as a wholly-owned

the “Five Eyes” The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

27

Shipborne CESM systems are increasingly recognized as key information warfare assets. Pictured here is USS Farragut (DDG 99). (US Navy photo)

subsidiary of the company’s Electronic and Mission Systems business, is lead contractor for the SSEE Increment E and

the successor Increment F. Both systems, which are fielded on large deck amphibious ships, cruisers and guided missile

destroyers, are underpinned by iterations of the company’s “Lighthouse“system architecture.

Described by the USN as “classified information warfare/EW and tactical cryptologic systems that provide critical tactical intelligence, situational awareness, battlespace awareness, indications and warning and hostile threat assessment,” the SSEE series of systems provide battle groups with real-time acquisition (‘find”) and localization (‘fix”) of signals. SSEE also provides combatant commanders with the surface fleet’s only non-kinetic capabilities (“finish”) via electronic attack and cyber attack.

Current funding for the SSEE program includes a focus on the development and delivery of expanded non-kinetic EW capabilities and a net-centric service oriented architecture. This includes the development, integration and test of the Medusa and SSEE modifications capabilities in support of a classified activity known as Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Executive Committee (EXCOM) Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Executive Board Information Operation (IO) Countermea-

BLOCKS FOR EW SYSTEMS Tekmicro offers: • More channels • More analog resolution • More bandwidth • More FPGA processing

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

28

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8/29/13 2:51 AM

sure Red Flash/Medusa (abbreviated to BMD EXCOM ASW CEB IO Countermeasure Red Flash/Medusa). A development contract for SSEE Increment E was awarded to Argon ST in 2001, with the system achieving Initial Operating Capability (IOC) in early 2005. The system is described as a “highly sensitive automated [CESM] system that provides automatic signal acquisition, direction finding, and target geo-location capability for multiple class platforms.” Improvements to Increment E continue; a recent example being the ongoing introduction of Medusa Splitrock capabilities (the exact nature/function of which remains classified).

SSEE EVOLUTION Following competition, Argon ST was, in April 2006, awarded a $52.8 million contract funding the development of SSEE Increment F over a 30-month period; the contract contained priced options for the delivery of production units over a fiveyear period. Identified subcontractors include Promia (enterprise security), HYPRES (tasked to develop and demonstrate a multi-input Digital-RF channelized receiver system), Raytheon, Cubic, TICOM Geomatics, Northrop Grumman, TASC, Digital Receiver Technology, and ARINC. SSEE Increment F builds on the capabilities of Increment E, but introduces Argon ST’s Lighthouse 3.0 sensor technology and open architecture, together with the latest in FPGA technology, embedded processing and server network technologies. Increment F development included system design, integration and testing of hardware and software for two Engineering Development Models (EDMs) and integrated developmental and operational testing. Design and development activity completed in 2008, followed by an operational assessment completed in late 2009. Following Milestone C approval, Argon ST was, in April 2010, awarded a $36.9 million contract for Low Rate Initial Production (LRIP) of SSEE Increment F. In August 2011, Argon ST announced the award of a $35 million contract option by SPAWAR to transition SSEE Increment F into Full Rate Production (FRP). The contract option for FRP2, valued at $53 million, was placed in February 2012 and covered the delivery of eight systems.

The US Navy DDG-51 Flight IIA guided missile destroyer USS Halsey (DDG 97) pictured in November 2014. The ship is fitted with the AS-4692 DF and acquisition antenna (atop the pole mast) and the AS 4623 transmit antenna (the small “paddle” shaped antenna near the boat crane amidships). (US Navy photo)

A $43 million FRP3 award followed in January 2013 for the delivery of seven systems; a further six systems are being supplied to the US Navy under FRP4, exercised in 2014. Continued FRP buys are planned through to FY19. The SSEE modifications program encompasses the frequency capability enhancements afforded by “Paragon” and “Graywing.” Paragon is a classified tactical signals intelligence frequency extension capability to be integrated into SSEE Increments E and F, which provides simultaneous detection, collection, processing and display of COMINT data from hostile, high-threat and adversary platforms in select frequency ranges that are not currently prosecuted or encountered. Graywing is an electronic sensing and attack capability that shares the Paragon topside exploitation assets. According to the Navy’s program description, SSEE modifications and Medusa capabilities will expand SOI processing capability to allow collection of the newest high-priority modern technology threat signals for tightly integrated IO/non-kinetic capabilities in support of

time-critical military strike operations and subsequent processing and analysis for timely and accurate situational awareness for force protection. Another key component of the SSEE modifications program has been the development, prototyping and test of new antennas, under the leadership of the SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific in San Diego, to support Paragon and Graywing. These include the new AS-4710 High Gain Information Operations antenna, and the AS-4708 Hemispherical Broad Band Direction Finding antenna. In May 2014, Argon ST announced that it had received a first production order from the US Navy under the SSEE modifications program. In a statement, the company confirmed that the effort had completed factory and shipboard tests in late 2013, and that these enhancements would now be rolled out to selected SSEE Increment E and Increment F systems. The contract transitions the program from development to LRIP, with deliveries starting in the second half of 2014. The next iteration, SSEE Increment G, is scheduled to pass Milestone B ac-

UK PURSUES SEASEEKER Three of the US Navy’s “five-eyes” allies have all latterly invested in US-sourced surface ship SIGINT capabilities to meet their own tactical situational awareness needs. For example, the UK Royal Navy (RN) is currently recapitalizing its shipborne CESM capability through the acquisition of the SSEE Increment F cryptologic exploitation system – being acquired under the equipment project name “Shaman” – to fulfill the requirements of the “Seaseeker” maritime SIGINT program. Shaman/Seaseeker is intended to sustain the UK’s shipborne SIGINT and surveillance capability, replacing the capability previously provided by the AN/ SSQ-124(V) COBLU suite fitted to the four Type 22 Batch 3 frigates. COBLU was retired from service in mid-2011 with the final decommissioning of the Type 22 Batch 3 ships. The UK had originally intended that the Shaman capability requirement – once known as the CESM Wider Fleet Fit program – be delivered through a bespoke CESM development for which BAE Systems was, in early 2005, selected by the MOD as its preferred bidder. Its technical solution, known as Sextant, was derived from the Diamond signal exploitation product

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

quisition approval in FY2016. Increment G will build on Increment F, improving upon all aspects of BMD EXCOM ASW CNO CEB IO Countermeasure Red Flash/ Medusa, increasing frequency range throughout the RF spectrum, addressing new SOIs, and opening up new and previously unexplored/unexploited cyber capabilities consistent with integration into the Electronic Warfare Battle Management Network. Furthermore, Increment G will build off of the advancement of the Increment F system to automate and integrate all existing Ship’s Signal Exploitation Space capabilities into a common user interface, while at the same time continuing to incorporate new technologies through an open software architecture that allows for rapid integration and deployment of those capabilities. As such, it will be scalable to the platform, reconfigurable to the mission, modular (“plug and play”) in architecture, and dynamically reprogrammable to support new capabilities.

29

developed by BAE Systems Electronic Systems in the US. However, following assessment of outputs from two advanced development phase contracts, the UK chose to explore an alternative option to purchase SSEE Increment F “off the shelf” through a government-to-government FMS case. By early 2011, the MOD had confirmed that it was now focusing “on a US Department of Defense solution…following full as-

sessment of two potential solutions; the US DOD capability and that proposed by BAE Systems.” In May 2014, Argon ST revealed that four out of the 10 SSEE Increment F systems contracted for by the USN under FRP4 are being supplied to the UK under an FMS case. It is understood that the contract for the remaining three SSEE Increment F equipments for the UK will be placed this year.

The Shaman system will be introduced into service in 2017. The full program covers fits to the six Type 45 destroyers, plus a seventh system for shore-based training and reference. Separately, Babcock has been awarded a seven-year Shaman infrastructure and support contract by the MOD. This will see the company deliver infrastructure upgrades to the existing CESM shore support sites at the Fleet Intelligence

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

30

The Royal Navy Type 23 frigate HMS Westminster pictured with the Mobile Maritime Glaive special fit – based on the US Navy’s TRDF installation – during operations in the Indian Ocean. (Richard Scott/NAVYPIX)

Centre and Maritime CESM Calibration Facility, and provide contractor logistic support to the Shaman system on Type 45 destroyers. Babcock will also supply its own Raven system into the program; this will take tracks from the Shaman CESM and enable their tactical use by the task force though the Recognized Maritime Picture. Platform design, modification, and installation activities will be separately

677599_ARSProducts.indd 1

AUSTRALIAN ACQUISITION Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), based in San Antonio, TX, has a distinguished pedigree in signals exploitation and geo-location. For example, it has previously supplied the antenna systems for the OUTBOARD, COBLU, Combat DF and SSEE programs, while also producing a range of signals surveillance solutions in its own right (examples including the USN’s AN/SSQ-120 TRDF system and the AN/SRD-503 and AN/SRD-504 systems currently fitted to Canadian frigates). In April 2010, SwRI was selected to supply a variant of its MBD-567 shipborne SIGINT system to meet the needs of the Royal Australian Navy’s (RAN’s) HobartClass Air Warfare Destroyer (AWD) program under Project SEA 4000. Covering the HF, VHF and UHF frequency bands, the MBD-567 system (the Hobart Class will carry the AWD-specific MBD-567A version) is described by its manufacturer as a wideband maritime SIGINT system capable of intercepting, demodulating, locating and recording modern SOI, including low probability of intercept signals. Based on a COTS architecture, MBS567 supports a wide range of manual and automatic operating modes. For automatic processing, the operator defines the system’s frequency coverage, specific SOIs, and follow-on processing tasks. Signals analysis tools are provided for operator confirmation and investigation of specific

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

performed by BAE Systems, as Type 45 Class Output Manager. In a separate development, Babcock was, in late 2013, contracted by the MOD for the delivery of an off-the-shelf CESM system to provide RN Type 23 frigates with an enhanced electronic surveillance capability. The new system, given the name “Hammerhead,” will replace a previous Type 23 CESM special fit – known as the Mobile Maritime Glaive – which is believed to have its origins in the US Navy’s Transportable Radio Direction Finding (TRDF) system. To meet the MOD’s requirement, Babcock teamed with Argon ST to deliver the Hammerhead solution, described as being “based on a common core architecture with the specific solution tailored to meet the customers’ requirements.” The two companies have previously worked together on the delivery and sustainment of the Eddystone CESM suite fitted to the RN’s nuclear-attack submarine fleet. Given the gap between the retirement of COBLU and the introduction of Shaman/SSEE Increment F, RN Type 45 destroyers have received an “interim palliative” CESM capability for specific deployments. This is believed to be an “in-house” solution using existing equipment (with items borrowed from other projects and allies). Babcock is providing support to this interim capability.

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and HMNZS Te Mana. Lockheed Martin Canada was awarded a prime contract in April 2014 for the implementation of the FSU in the role of combat system integrator (CSI). Although a replacement CESM (to succeed the obsolete Telegon 10 system) was not part of the CSI scope, the New Zealand MOD separately concluded an FMS case with the US government in May 2014 for a new CESM capability. The system – the designator and source of which has yet to be disclosed – will be provided in “pre-fitted out” containers and delivered in time for installation into the ships during refit in the period 2016-2018. Concept renderings showing the post-FSU ANZAC suggest that the new CESM fit will use the AS-4692 DF and acquisition antenna. Australia’s three new Hobart-class Air Warfare Destroyers will be fitted with the MBD-567A shipborne SIGINT system. (Australian DoD image)

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

32

SOIs, or manual discovery of SOIs in the recorded spectrum. Covering the frequency range 2 – 3,000 MHz, the MBS-567 suite is supplied with a single AS-420C VHF/UHF band mast antenna, and up to six (according to platform size and configuration) AS-145 HF loop/monopole antennas sited in suitable upper-deck locations. The AS-420C, covering 30-3,000 MHz, features an eightelement dipole array and eight-element tapered slot antenna array; the AS-145 covers the sub-30 MHz band and provides three independent outputs (sine, cosine and omnidirectional). Key MBS-567 performance features include a wideband 4.5 – 32 MHz (reconfigurable), a detection bandwidth of 195 Hz in HF and 1.5 kHz in VHF/UHF, and a DF accuracy of 2 degrees RMS. Analysis tools include wideband spectrogram, signal analysis, a geospatial results display, audio replay, and narrowband and wideband spectrogram and spectrum displays. It is largely unrecorded that the RAN is also a customer for the SSEE Increment E system, with two “carry on” systems procured under a FMS case valued at approximately $11 million. Argon ST announced the first delivery in 2008. The Australian Department of Defence told JED, “The systems are in the process of being repackaged to enable greater utilization across the RAN fleet.” In a development that may be related, SwRI

disclosed in 2013 that it had “integrated communications intelligence and electronics intelligence antennas for the Royal Australian Navy ANZAC class frigate upgrade program”.

NEW ZEALAND MODERNIZES Across the Tasman Sea, New Zealand has embarked on a comprehensive Frigate Systems Upgrade (FSU) program for the Royal New Zealand Navy’s two ANZAC class frigates, HMNZS Te Kaha

CANADIAN UPGRADES Canada meanwhile has outlined plans, under the project name StrongBow, to provide a new radio direction finding and signals collection, analysis, fusion and exploitation strategic capability to the Royal Canadian Navy’s Halifax-Class frigates to replace the current AN/SRD504 radio DF system. This will form part of a wider joint Canadian Armed Forces project that will standardize and replace the currently used mission-fit of cryptologic exploitation equipment. According to information released by the Department of National Defence, the new shipborne capability sought under StrongBow “will provide time-critical, tactically relevant warning of threat emissions in the communications intercept and electronic intelligence spectrums.” Furthermore, the mast space and weight allocation required for the antenna fit should not exceed that currently apportioned to AN/SRD-504 on board the Halifax-Class frigates. Definition approval for StrongBow is scheduled for 2015. Implement approval and a request for proposal release should follow in 2016, with a contract award The RNZN’s two ANZAC class frigates are to receive a new CESM fit sourced from the US government via an FMS case. Concept renderings showing the post-FSU mast configuration suggest that the new CESM fit will use the AS-4692 DF and acquisition antenna. (NZ MOD image)

while retaining the legacy antenna design (also recently subject to repair and refurbishment). SwRI has also implemented a project to integrate all shipboard DF assets into an automated, networked, computerbased system. 

FIVE EYES ACROSS THE SEAS The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

The government-to-government cooperation that makes the Five Eyes partnership work has yielded impressive results in the maritime SIGINT arena. As these navies modernize, often with shrinking fleets, they will depend on The Royal Canadian Navy’s 12 Halifax class frigates – HMCS Montreal is pictured – are currently equipped with the advanced SIGINT capabiliSwRI SRD-504 system. A replacement capability, known as StrongBow, is planned. (Richard Scott/NAVYPIX) ties to provide the needed planned for 2017. Final delivery is due coverage while keeping pace with increas(it was originally designated SRD-502). in 2020. The company has conducted a complete ingly complex signal environments. EvolvThe legacy SRD-504 system fitted to upgrade and modernization of the sysing toward SIGINT standards that enable the 12 Halifax-Class ships was originally tem to incorporate new computers, softreal-time information to be shared among designed and built by SwRI in the 1980s ware, and signal processing capabilities, its partners is an important objective. a

33

Evolving Electronic Warfare in Latin America

AOC EW Latin America 2015 APRIL 16, 2015

|

LAAD, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

The AOC is planning to hold its inaugural AOC Latin America symposium during LAAD, Brazil, on April 16, 2015, in conjunction with our logistics partner and LAAD organizer, Clarion Events. The conference language will be predominantly Portuguese. EW Latin America 2015 will be attended by a wide range of leading military, government, academic and industrial leaders and thinkers from across the region and beyond. The inaugural Symposium audience will include senior serving military leaders and operators, security personnel, government officials, leading academics and world class industry leaders, and will discuss the increasingly important field, in Latin America, of Electronic Warfare and associated Electromagnetic Operations (EMO), including signals intelligence, information operations, air platform protection, land EW operations, innovative maritime EW solutions, EW-capable UAVs, operational experience and advanced technology. Focus areas include: • Keynote speakers. • Regional issues and factors.

• EW capability and the maritime, land, air/space, electromagnetic and cyberspace operational environments; platform protection and situational awareness. • Operational experience and lessons. • Information operations, cyber and network enabled capability. • EW operational support and modelling and simulation. • EW Developments from Industry. • EW concepts and critical lines of capability development • Related EM capabilities including C4ISR, SIGINT and Spectrum Management. In common with our other global events, an EW, EMO, SIGINT and associated C4ISR dedicated exhibition is being arranged by Clarion Events within the AOC Pavilion.

Symposium planning is being led the AOC Director Global Operations, Wing Commander John Clifford OBE RAF (retd), who can be contacted at [email protected].

Visit www.crows.org for more information.

JED-M0215 BrazilConferenceAd_HP_MKG.indd 1

15-01-28 9:18 AM

A G END A HIG HLIG HTS :

Session topic presentations are requested and do not guarantee all listed session topic information will be shared. Final Agenda announced in February will list the selected supporting topic presentations.

44th Annual Collaborative Electronic Warfare Symposium “Collaborative Electronic Warfare: Enabling Collaborative EW Through Innovation and Invention” M A R C H 3 1 - A P R I L 3 , 2 0 1 5 | N AW C W D P T. M U G U , C A As EW warfighting requirements continue to evolve in their complexity and interdependency, it is clear that future EW systems must work collaboratively with other Air, Ground, Surface Space and Cyberspace systems. The 44th Annual Point Mugu Electronic Warfare Symposium

Tuesday, March 31 Session 1: Threat Trends: Topics will address the rapid pace of technology and innovation coupled with computing power and relative low cost of capable EW capable systems and how these advances presents unique challenges to existing and planned military systems. Implications to EW in the maritime environment will also be discussed Session 2 Collaborative EW Innovation and Inventions – Science & Technology (S&T) Perspective: Discussions in this topic area will layout current and future Science and Technology (S&T) developments in Enabling Capabilities that are designed to maintain superior spectrum maneuverability and manipulation while maintaining tactical situation awareness.

will facilitate the exchange of enabling concepts and provide a venue to disseminate current research in the fields of Collaborative Electronic

Wednesday, April 1

Warfare. Prominent leaders, contributors and representatives from

Session 3: Cognitive and Adaptive EW Capabilities: Adversaries are exploring and utilizing

the United States and Australian military, government, academia, and industry will come together to address current Electronic Warfare gaps and emerging technologies in Collaborative Electronic Warfare required to address these gaps.

VADM David Dunaway, USN (invited) Commander, Naval Air Systems Command

Exhibit space still available. Secure yours today! Contact Shelley Frost, [email protected]

commercial by-products to develop adaptive and agility technology that will outpace our conventionally cued Electronic Attack (EA). This topic area will discuss new Realtime learning and predictive software algorithms that could provide collective knowledge sharing and autonomous asset management. This new technology is designed to impact adversary decision processes and deny their ability to form an accurate tactical picture.

Session 4: Coordinated / Distributed / NetworkEnabled Systems: Topics in this area will explore distributive technologies supporting spatially and temporally diverse responsiveness to dense and complex threat environments. Of particular interest are technologies that will support EW layering, integration of hard-kill / soft-kill, EW effectiveness, multi-geometry combinatorial techniques, and net-enabled heterogeneous EW architecture and Battle Management. Technologies should be designed to ensure blue force interoperability and provide multiple-point EW to overwhelm adversarial system-of-systems.

Thursday, April 2 Session 5: Warfighter Perspective: From Operation Allied Force to present day, lessons learned have highlighted areas where collaborative EW Data, Networked EW, and EW Decision Aids available to the EW warfighter were employed successfully. Warfighter perspectives on areas for future improvement in these areas taken from “downrange” are welcomed.

For more information visit www.crows.org.

TECHNOLOGY SURVEY

A SAMPLING OF ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS AND A/D CARDS By Ollie Holt

This enabled EW companies to develop 500-MHz Instantaneous Bandwidth (IBW) receivers. Recently even faster sampling A/D converters have become available at up to 4 GHz sampling rates, driving the IBW from 500 MHz towards 1.5 to 2 GHz.

THE SURVEY In the survey table, two of the more important specifications are the number of bits of resolution and the effective number of bits (ENOB). Note that these numbers are not the same. The number of bits defines the resolution of the device. An eight-bit device quantizes the input into 256 unique steps, whereas a 12-bit device would quantize the same input into 4,096 unique steps. The greater the number of bits, the more information contained in the sampled data – plus the greater the number of bits provides some improvement in Spur Free Dynamic Range (SFDR). The effective bits or ENOB defines the number of bits that actually contain useful information. The reason the ENOB does not equal the actual number of bits is because the A/D performance is degraded by noise distortion. The ENOB can be approximated using the theoretical Signal-toNoise (SNR) of the A/D and the following equation: ENOB = (SNR-1.76dB)/6.02. So what is the advantage of more bits if the ENOB for an 8-bit A/D and the ENOB for a 10-bit A/D are both around 7.5? The advantage is that the 10-bit device probably will not need dithering, and it will usually have a better Spur Free Dynamic Range (SFDR). Dither is the addition of noise into the input of the A/D to make the Least Significant Bit (LSB) of the A/D toggle. It may sound strange, but adding enough noise to keep the LSB toggling actually improves device performance. An A/D with two or three more bits of resolution than the ENOB does not need external dithering, since the quantization level will be randomized by its internal noise. The next column in the survey indicates the unit’s the sample speed. The sample speed defines the maximum rate at which the A/D converter can be operated without distortion in the measurements. It can be operated at slower clock rates, but the vendor does not support faster rates. Input Bandwidth defines the input frequency bandwidth limit. The SFDR defines the range between the power level of the highest spur and the maximum input level. In the April JED, our next survey will look at Low Noise Amplifiers.

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

T

his JED survey reviews both analog-to-digital (A/D) converter components and A/D modules. Components can be configured by designers into a module that meets users’ requirements while the A/D modules can be designed to a set of common/standard requirements that could be used by many different system concepts. Since JED last reviewed them the technology has improved, offering more bits (12 or more) and higher sampling speeds (3-4 GHz). What are A/D converters? An A/D converter is a device that converts an analog value into a digital value. If the signal is a time-variant continuous signal and the A/D is set to sample at a periodic rate, the result is a set of digital sampled values that represent the signal’s amplitude at each of the sample times. These periodically sampled digital values can than be processed using Fourier transforms or other methods to obtain useful signal information. This information can be just the external parameters of the signal, such as frequency and amplitude, or internal signal information, such as phase or frequency modulation or coding. With the development of high-speed A/D converters, RF input signals can be sampled and converted to digital data that can than be processed in a computer or Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The result is the ability to provide improved performance over analog receivers at reduced weight and size and easy reconfigurability. The improved performance provides the ability to capture additional signal information that was not easily measured by analog methods. With both new anti-jam radar waveforms and new communication signals modulation techniques, the addition of digital signal processing to recover embedded modulations enabled EW systems to develop jamming techniques and communication demodulation techniques to recover the embedded information. The A/D also has enabled Digital RF Memory (DRFM) systems to sample an incoming radar waveform, for example, and then coherently repeat that signal with jamming at random, reducing pulse Doppler radar performance. A/D converters were first introduced into EW systems in the lower frequency regions to process communication signals where narrow-bandwidth multiple channel systems were required. Eight- to 14-bit A/D converters that could sample at rates up to around 500 MHz provided the technology to easily meet those needs. Further development yielded higher-sampling-speed A/D converters that sampled at speeds around 1.5 GHz with eight bits of resolution.

35

TECHNOLOGY SURVEY: ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS AND CARDS MODEL

A/D MODEL

CHANNELS

BITS

EFF BITS

SAMP SPEED

4DSP, LLC; Austin, TX; +1 (800) 816-1751; www.4dsp.com FMC160

ADC12D1800

1

12

*

3.6 GSPS

FMC170

EV10AQ190

1

10

*

5 GSPS

FMC174

AD9250

4

14

*

250 MSPS

Analog Devices; Norwood, MA; +1 (781) 329-4700; www.analog.com AD9239

AD9239

4

12

10.4

250 MSPS

AD9434

AD9434

1

12

10.7

500 MSPS

AD9650-EP

AD9650-EP

2

16

13

105 MSPS

Annapolis Micro Systems; Annapolis, MD; +1 (410) 841-2514; www.annapmicro.com

36

WILDSTAR G2 Dual 1.6/2.7/4.0GSps 12-Bit ADC Mezzanine Card

*

2

12

*

1.6, 2.7 or 4 GSPS

WILDSTAR G2 16 Channel 125MSps 16bit ADC Mezzanine Card

*

16

16

12

125 MSPS

WILDSTAR G2 Dual 1.5 GSps 12-Bit ADC & DAC Mezzanine Card

*

2

12

*

1.5 GSPS

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

ApisSys SAS; Archamps, France; +33 450360758; www.apissys.com AF202

EV12AS200

2

12

8.9

1.5 GSPS

AV104

EV10AS152

2

10

7.6

3 GHz

AV107

*

4

12

9

2.5 GHz

Curtiss-Wright Controls, Defense Solutions; Ashburn, VA, USA; +1 (703) 779.7800; www.cwcdefense.com CHAMP-WB-DRFM

TADF-4300

1,2

8

*

6 (dual) or 12 (single) GSPS

Hittite Microwave Corp.; Chelmsford, MA; +1 (978) 250-3343; www.hittite.com HMCAD5831LP9BE

HMCAD5831LP9BE

1

3

2.9

26 GS/s typical

HMCAD1511

HMCAD1511

4/2/1

8

7.3

1.0 GS/s

HMCAD1512

HMCAD1512

4/2/2001

8

7.7

900/450 MSPS

Linear Technology; Milpitas, CA; +1 (408) 432-1900; www.linear.com LTC2195

LTC2195IUKG

2

16

12.43

125Msps

LTC2209

LTC2209IUP

1

16

12.51

160Msps

LTC2158-14

LTC2158-IUP-14

2

14

11.2

310Msps

10

*

250 MSPS

Maxim Integrated; San Jose, CA; +1 (408) 601-1000; www.maximintegrated.com MAX1124

MAX1124

1

SPUR

FORMAT

ENVIRONMENT

FEATURES

4.5 MHz-3.6 GHz

*

FMC

Operating temp.: 0°C to 70°C (Level A), -40°C to 85°C (Level B)

Provides one 12-bit A/D channel at 3.6Gsps and one 14-bit D/A channel at 5.6Gsps.

*

*

FMC

Operating temp.: 0°C to 55°C (EAC4) and -40°C to 70°C (EAC6) (air cooled), 0°C to 55°C (ECC1) and -40°C to 85°C (ECC4) (conduction cooled).

Provides one 10-bit A/D channel at 5Gsps and one 10-bit D/A channel at 5Gsps.

*

*

FMC

Operating temp.: 0°C to 70°C (Level A), -40°C to 85°C (Level B)

Provides four 14-bit A/D channels at 250Msps and two 14-bit D/A channels at 5.6Gsps.

780 MHz

77dBc

72 Lead LFCSP

Operating temp.” -40°C to +85°C

Quad, 12-bit, 250 MSPS analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with an on-chip temperature sensor and a high speed serial interface.

1 GHz

78 dBc

56-lead LFCSP

Operating temp.” -40°C to +85°C

12-bit monolithic sampling analog-to-digital converter (ADC) optimized for high performance, low power, and ease of use.

500 MHz

93 dBc

80 Lead TQFP

-55° to +85°C

LVDS Output NiPdAu Lead Finish Optional on-chip dither Integrated ADC sample-and-hold inputs Low Power: 328mW per channel

*

*

WS7/A5

Commercial or Industrial

ADCs have built-in DDC/NCO/Decimation features which reduces FPGA resources.

*

*

6U Open VPX

Commercial or Industrial

Support for WILDSTAR A5 (Altera Stratix® V) and WILDSTAR 7 (Xilinx Virtex™-7) PCIe and OpenVPX mainboards.

300 MHz-1.5 GHz

*

6U Open VPX

2.3 GHz

63 dBc

FMC

Convection and Conduction cooled, -40°C to +70°C

Suited for EW, radar, SDR.

>4 GHz

52 dBc

3U VPX

Convection and Conduction cooled, -40°C to +85°C

Virtex 7 FPGA

2.5 GHz

65 dBc

3U VPX

Convection and Conduction cooled, -40°C to +85°C

Virtex 7 FPGA

*

*

Open VPX

Operating temp.: 0°C to 50°C (air cooled), -40°C to +71°C (conduction cooled)

12 GS/s 8-bit ADC and 12 GS/s 10-bit DAC, single user-programmable Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGAs (X690T or X980T).

18 GHz

27.2 dBFS (@+19 GHz)

9mm x 9mm 64pin SMT

Max Tcase=+75°C

XOR input, Demux-by-2 CML digital outputs.

650 MHz (-3dB bandwidth)

49 dBc

7mm x 7mm 48pin QFN

Ta=-40C to +85°C

Very low power (0.7W typical). Digital gain allows operation at lower signal amplitudes without loss in SNR.

650 MHz

64 dBc

7mm x 7mm 48pin QFN

Ta=-40C to +85°C

Contains 2 ADCs that can be interleaved by the user to act as a single channel or two channels.

550MHz

90dB

52-Pin 7x9 QFN

Operational –40°C to 85°C, Storage –65°C to 150°C

Serial LVDS Outputs, 432mW

700MHz

100dB

64-Pin 9x9 QFN

Operational –40°C to 85°C, Storage –65°C to 150°C

Internal Transparent Dither, Data Output Randomizer

1250MHz

88dB

64-Pin 9x9 QFN

Operational –40°C to 85°C, Storage –65°C to 150°C

Data Output Randomizer, Easy-to-Drive 1.32Vp-p Input

2.8GHz

71 dBc @ 100 MHz

68 QFN-EP

-40 to +85°C

Conversion rates of up to 250Msps while consuming only 477mW.

Specifically designed for DRFM applications with 24ns latency from SMA to SMA.

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

INPUT BAND

37

TECHNOLOGY SURVEY: ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS AND CARDS MODEL

A/D MODEL

CHANNELS

BITS

EFF BITS

SAMP SPEED

Mercury Systems, Inc.; Chelmsford, MA; + 1 (866) 627-6951; www.mrcy.com DCM-V5-2R250-VXS

AD9647

8

16

11.4 bits @ 174 MHz

250 MHz (250MSamples/Sec)

DCM-V6-1R3600-1T2500-XMC

ADC12D1800RF

1

12

8.8 bits @ 498 MHz

3.6GHz (3.6GSamples/ Sec)

DCM-V6-2R2300-2T2300-OVPX / DCM-V6-2R2500-2T2500-OVPX

ADC12D1600RF

2

12

9.3 bits @ 498 MHz

2.3GHz (2.3GSamples/ Sec) / 2.5GHz (2.5GSamples/Sec)

16

*

200 MHz

Pentek Inc.; Upper Saddle Rver, NJ, USA; +1 (201) 818-5900; www.pentek.com Model 78761

TI ADS5485

4

Signatec / DynamicSignals; Lockport, IL; 1-800-567-4243; www.signatec.com Signatec PX1500-4

ADC08D1520CIYB/NOPB

4 individual / 2 interleaved

8

7.4

1.5 GHz on 4 Channels or 3.0 GHz on 2 Channels

Signtec PX14400

ADS5474IPFP

2

14

11.2

400 MHz on 2 Channels

Signatec EC14150

AD9254BCPZ-150

2

14

11.6

150 MHz on 2 Channels

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

38

Spectrum Signal Processing by Vecima; Burnaby, BC, Canada; +1 (604) 676.6700; www.spectrumsignal.com RF-7102

Intersil ISLA214P50

1

14

11.34

490 MSPS

RF-4902

Intersil ISLA214P50

1

14

11

490 MSPS

RF-4102

Intersil ISLA214P50

1

14

11.34

490 MSPS

SPUR

FORMAT

ENVIRONMENT

FEATURES

5 MHz – 325 MHz (3dB BW)

86 dBFS @ 174 MHz

6U VXS

Air-Cooled – Commercial Temperature Operating 0°C to 40°C / Storage -40°C to +85°C / ruggedization available

MOSA; double width FMC for analog mezz; extendable multi-channel sync; FMC card support for 3 Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGAs (up to SX240T FPGAs); Mercury secure FPGA controller

325 MHz - 2.3 GHz (3dB BW)

65 dBFS @ 498 MHz

XMC

Air-Cooled – Commercial Temperature Operating 0°C to 40°C / Storage -40°C to +85°C / ruggedization available

MOSA; paired with 14-Bit 2.5 Gs/sec DAC For EW solution; supports Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGA available for user algorithms

125 MHz - 2.2 GHz (3dB BW)

68 dBFS @ 498 MHz

6U VPX

Air-Cooled – Commercial Temperature Operating 0°C to 40°C / Storage -40°C to +85°C / ruggedization available

MOSA; double width FMC for analog mezz; paired with 14-Bit 2.5 Gs/sec DAC For EW solution; suppports 3 Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGAs

*

*

PCIe

Operating temp.: 0°C to 50°C

Multichannel, high-speed data converter with programmable DDCs (Digital Downconverters).

Amplifier Front End Option: AC-Coupled: 1.0 MHz to 1.0 GHz ; DC-Coupled: DC to 1.0 GHz / Transformer Front End Option: ACCoupled: 5.0 MHz to 2.0 GHz

Amplifier Front End Option: SFDR (1500 MHz): 55 dB / Transformer Front End Option: SFDR (5-1000 MHz): 55 dB; SFDR (@ 1500 MHz): 48 dB

PCI Express (PCIe) x8 Circuit Card

Operating Temperature: +32°F to +122°F (0°C to 50°C) / Storage Temperature: -4°F to +158°F (-20°C to +70°C); Operating Relative Humidity: 10% to 90%, non-condensing

1.4 GB/s Continuous Data Streaming Rate; ADC Sampling Rate can be set to any value from 200 MHz to 1.5 GHz; Optional Onboard Programmable Xilinx Virtex-5 SX95T FPGA for Customized Embedded DSP Operations; Programmable FIR Filtering for 1 or 2 Channels with FPGA Processing Option.

Amplifier Front End Option: AC-Coupled: 100 KHz to 200 MHz; DC-Coupled: DC to 248 MHz / Transformer Front End Option: ACCoupled: 500 KHz to 400 MHz

Amplifier Front End Option: SFDR (@ 100 MHz): 73 dB; Transformer Front End Option: SFDR (@100 MHz): 73 dB

PCI Express (PCIe) x8 Circuit Card

Operating Temperature: +32°F to +122°F (0°C to 50°C) / Storage Temperature: -4°F to +158°F (-20°C to +70°C); Operating Relative Humidity: 10% to 90%, non-condensing

1.4 GB/s Continuous Data Streaming Rate; ADC Sampling Rate can be set to any value from 20 MHz to 400 MHz with Frequency Synthesized Clock.

AC-Coupled: 200 KHz to 200 MHz DC-Coupled: DC to 75 MHz

SFDR (@ 100 MHz) : 78 dB

ExpressCard/54 Circuit Card

Operating Temperature: +32°F to +122°F (0°C to 50°C) / Storage Temperature: -4°F to +158°F (-20°C to +70°C); Operating Relative Humidity: 10% to 90%, non-condensing

High-Speed Digitizer Card for Laptop Use at 4.0 to 4.5 Watts; 170 MB/s Continuous Data Streaming Rate; ADC Sampling Rate can be set to any value from 45 MHz to 150 MHz with Frequency Synthesized Clock.

200 MHz receiver analog bandwidth

20 MHz to 200 MHz 3U OpenVPX frequency: SFDR is (VITA 65) Module -70 dBc typical (Direct Digitizing Mode, input power at -20 dBm) / 200 MHz to 2700 MHz frequency: SFDR is -70 dBc typical (RF Mode, input power at -30 dBm)

Temperature: 0 to +55° C (forced air-cooled) / -40 to +70 degrees C (conduction-cooled)

RF Transceiver operating frequency range from 200 MHz to 2.7 GHz full duplex; Also features Analog Devices AD9122 16 bit interpolating DAC at 980 MSPS; Xilinx Virtex-5 SX95T-2 User FPGA; 512 MB DDR2 SDRAM

170 MHz receiver analog bandwidth

75 dB (typical @ 1 GHz,10 MHz BW)

3U CompactPCI

Temperature: 0 to +55°C (forced air-cooled) / -40 to +70 degrees C (conduction-cooled)

RF Transceiver operating frequency range from 200 MHz to 2.7 GHz full duplex; Also features Analog Devices AD9122 16 bit interpolating DAC at 980 MSPS; Xilinx Virtex-5 SX95T-2 User FPGA; 512 MB DDR2 SDRAM

200 MHz receiver analog bandwidth

20 MHz to 200 MHz 3U CompactPCI frequency: SFDR is -70 dBc typical (Direct Digitizing Mode, input power at -20 dBm) / 200 MHz to 2700 MHz frequency: SFDR is -70 dBc typical (RF Mode, input power at -30 dBm)

Temperature: 0 to +55°C (forced air-cooled) / -40 to +70 degrees C (conduction-cooled)

RF Transceiver operating frequency range from 200 MHz to 2.7 GHz full duplex; Also features Analog Devices AD9122 16 bit interpolating DAC at 980 MSPS; Xilinx Virtex-5 SX95T-2 User FPGA; 512 MB DDR2 SDRAM

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

INPUT BAND

39

TECHNOLOGY SURVEY: ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS AND CARDS MODEL

A/D MODEL

CHANNELS

BITS

EFF BITS

SAMP SPEED

TEK Microstems, Inc.; Chelmsford, MA, USA; +1 (978) 244 9200; www.tekmicro.com Aries V6 VME/VXS

AD9467

10

16

*

250 MSPS

Atlas V6 VXS

ADS5400

4 or 8

12

*

1 GSPS

Tektronix Component Solutions; Beaverton, OR; +1 (503) 627-4133; www.component-solutions.tektronix.com TADC-1000 Reference Digitizer

HFD204

1 or 2

8

6.7 @3GHz

12.5 GS/s or 6.25 GS/s

Texas Instruments; Dallas, TX; +1 (512) 434-1560 ; www.ti/dataconverters.com ADC12D1800RF

ADC12D1800RF

1/2

12

9.3

3600 MSPS / 1800MSPS

ADS42JB69

ADS42JB69

2

16

12.2

250 MSPS

ADS4449

ADS4449

4

14

11.5

250 MSPS

Survey Key – Analog-to-Digital Converters and Cards The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

40 A/D MODEL Specific analog-to-digital model number; if on a circuit card, indicates the A/D part number. CHANNELS Number of analog-to-digital channels BITS Number of analog-to-digital bits ENOB Number of effective bits SAMP SPEED

ENVIRONMENT Any specific environmental features, such as operational and storage temperatures and humidity ranges. FEATURES Other functionality for circuit cards OTHER ABBREVIATIONS USED • MOSA = modular open system architecture • LVDS = low-voltage differential signaling • t/x = transmit/receive * Indicates answer is classified, not releasable or no information was provided.

Sample speed in KHz, MHz or GHz msps = mega samples per second Gsps or GS/s = giga samples per second INPUT BAND The input bandwidth in KHz, MHz or GHz SPUR Spur free dynamic range FORMAT If circuit card, 6U, 3U, PMC, XMC or component package type

April 2015 Product Survey: Low Noise Amplifiers This survey will cover low noise amplifiers (LNAs) for military applications. Please e-mail [email protected] to request a survey questionnaire.

SPUR

FORMAT

ENVIRONMENT

FEATURES

500 MHz

*

VME, VXS

Operating temp.” -40°C to +85°C

3 Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGAs.

1.5 GHz

*

VXS

Operating temp.” -40°C to +85°C

Combines high resolution wideband signal acquisition and generation with the onboard high density FPGA processing for a range of radar and Electronic Warfare applications such as target generation, jamming, and CM / CCM techniques.

9 GHz

56 dBc @3 GHz

3U card

0-55°C operational; -40° to 70°C storage

FPGA processing, streaming output, PCI interface

2700 MHz

68.1

DDR LVDS

-40° to 85°

Internal Input Mux, Interleaving Correction

650

90

JESD204.B

-40° to 85°

JESD204B Subclass 0, 1, 2 compliant; Dither; Internal Clock Divider; Programmable Input Full Scale Range

500

87

DDR LVDS

-40° to 85°

365mW/ch power; 10x10mm BGA

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

INPUT BAND

41 41

our Y k r a M s! r a d n e Cal 6th Annual Electronic Warfare/Cyber Convergence Conference JUNE 2-4, 2015

|

S P AWA R , C H A R L E S T O N , S C

Visit www.crows.org for more information.

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23/01/15 5:24 PM

EW 101

Independently Maneuvering Decoys

Radar Decoys – Part 8 By Dave Adamy

I

ndependently maneuvering decoys are used to protect both aircraft and DECOYS ships. Like expendable and towed TARGET decoys, they provide attractive false targets for hostile radars at locations away from the radar’s intended targets. However, because this type of decoy maneuvers, it has the advantage that it can be placed in an optimum location and moved as required to provide optimum deception of the enemy radar (and hence optimum miss distance by an enemy misFigure 1: Independently maneuvered decoys can imitate the motion of targets to make it more sile guided by that radar). These decoys difficult for a radar to distinguish them from targets. can be maneuvered by command or can Figure 1: Independently maneuvered decoys can imitate the motion of targets to follow preprogrammed trajectories away make it more difficult for a radar actual butthem if not, they should be close enough to require totargets, distinguish from targets. from their launching locations. significant processing by the radar to reject decoys.

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

42

SATURATION DECOYS

DETECTION DECOYS

In the September 2014 “EW 101” column, we discussed saturation decoys, which force a hostile radar to either attack a very large number of targets or to distinguish actual targets from decoys. Independently-maneuvering decoys can perform this mission ideally, since they can move in a realistic imitation of a radar’s intended target as shown in Figure 1. However, they can avoid locations that would place an enemy missile in a position to reacquire the target or acquire an alternate friendly ship or aircraft. Ideally, decoys would be indistinguishable from

Detection decoys, also discussed in the September 2014 column, must by their nature, maneuver independently. They can be payloads of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or can be air launched decoys which fly into protected enemy airspace well ahead of any controlling or attack aircraft. The decoy payloads must transmit signals close enough to actual skin returns to be accepted as real, high-priority targets by acquisition radars. Note that sophisticated modern radars may apply significant sophistication to their analysis of signals to differentiate between decoys and real targets. Thus, the decoy payloads must also be sophisticated. You may want to review the series of “EW 101” articles from October 2013 to JanuIndividual Skin Return ary 2014 which cover the applications of TARGET Digital RF Memories (DRFMs). Figure 2 compares a real skin return pulse from an idealized pulse. The flight paths of these decoy platforms must also accurately imitate atCombined Returns tacking aircraft. If successful, a detection decoy will cause an integrated air defense system to activate tracking radars. Then, when the tracking radar is active, it can be located and bombed or attacked by a Figure 2: A radar receives several skin returns from different parts of the target. Each return has a radar homing missile. different amplitude and is delayed by its individual round trip path length.

Figure 2: A radar receives several skin returns from different parts of the target. Each return has a different amplitude and is delayed by its individual round trip path length.

D I X I E

C R O W

S Y M P O S I U M

4 0

The Power of EW & ISR for Sustained Air Supremacy March 22-26, 2015

//

Museum of Aviation, Warner Robins, GA

Event Registration: dixiecrow2015.infinity-international.com Exhibitor Registration: dixiecrow2015exhibitor.infinity-international.com

Exhibit and Sponsorship Opportunities SPONSORSHIPS

Crows N.E.S.T. sponsorship

$5,000

fund the Dixie Crow Education fund,

Platinum

$5,000

and STEM education. This is a great

Banner displayed in exhibit hall (company provided, limited to 4’ x 20’) • Logo on sign near stage in exhibit hall • Logo on sign in Hospitality suite • Logo on sign at golf tournament • Golf hole sign

Sponsorship opportunities to help

way to get your name out there to all the 2,400+ attendees and show your support for the Dixie Crows. All sponsorships go directly into the Dixie Crow Educational Foundation and can be used as a tax deduction. Thank you in advance for all the support you can provide.

Gold

$2,500

• Logo on sign near stage in exhibit hall • Logo on sign at golf tournament

• Logo on sign in Hospitality suite • Golf hole sign

Silver

$1,000

• Logo on sign in Hospitality suite • Golf hole sign

• Logo on sign at golf tournament

Bronze

$500

• Logo on sign at golf tournament

Golf Hole sign only

• Golf hole sign

$100

2ND ANNUAL THE CROW’S N.E.S.T. (Novel Experiments with Science & Technology) Wednesday, March 25 // 11:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. // Museum of Aviation Century of Flight Hangar The Dixie Crow Chapter of the Association of Old Crows Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Robotics displays and technology demonstrations, are an interactive experience that will capture the minds and hearts of students, parents, and teachers. The display is a collaborative effort between local military, government civil service, academia, defense industry, and volunteers designed to inspire students to pursue STEM careers. Interacting with the robotics displays and technology demonstrations will demonstrate to students that STEM can be both fun and engaging. Enthusiastic workers in STEM fields will also be on hand to answer questions and help students learn how they can prepare to enter the exciting world of STEM. Make time to visit our Crows N.E.S.T. displays and technology demonstrations.

PREPARE TO BE AMAZED! We are looking for Academia, Industry and other Organizations to display their creative robotic talents and/or interactive technological products!!! We look forward to your participation in this fantastic opportunity to interface with our STEM Leaders of tomorrow! If you have any questions and/or would like to participate please feel free to contact: Matt Bryant, [email protected], (478) 926-1008 Lisa K. Fruge-Cirilli, [email protected], (478) 319-0179

For more information and exhibit/sponsorship forms visit www.crows.org/chapters/dixie-crow-symposium.html

E W101

Decoy Acquired by RADAR

Decoy Moves Resolution Cell Away from Target

RADAR’s Intended Target

Figure 3: A saturation decoy “seduces” the tracking of a radar away from its intended target and leads it to another location.

signal is an accurate enough depiction of the skin return with enough power advantage over the skin return. The decoy can, alternately, be maneuvered through the radar’s resolution cell as shown in Figure 4 to capture the tracking. Either way, the decoy then moves away from the target in some optimum direction, taking the resolution cell with it. Note that, since an enemy missile may detonate its warhead on the decoy, there must be adequate distance between the decoy and the protected platform at the time of detonation to place the platform outside the burst radius of the missile warhead.

SHIP PROTECTION EXAMPLES

There are many examples of independently-maneuvered decoys for ship protection. They can be Seduction decoys are designed to be acquired by radars which mounted on ducted fan platforms or inflatable boats, or can be Figure 3: A saturation decoy “seduces” the tracking of a radar away from its are locked onto targets. Thisitmeans thatlocation. the decoy must initially launched from the ship. There are also decoy payloads suspended intended target and leads to another be within the radar’s resolution cell. The decoy transmits a signal below manned helicopters. A particularly interesting ship prowith the modulation of the skin return but with larger signal tection decoy is the NULKA, as shown in Figure 5. This decoy is strength. After the decoy is acquired by the radar, it moves away fired from a special launcher on the protected ship and is held from the target, causing the enemy radar’s resolution cell to leave aloft by a rocket motor. It is not recoverable. In each of these cases, the decoy turns on when its platform the target location as shown in Figure 3. Note that some modern tracking radars employ pulse compres- is very near the protected ship and then moves away in an sion. This can be either “chirp” or “Barker code,” as discussed most optimum direction at a speed consistent with the motion of a recently in the January and February 2014 “EW 101” columns. maneuvering ship. In this way, the decoy captures the tracking These electronic protection techniques significantly reduce the function of an anti-ship missile and draws the missile toward effective depth of the threat radar’s resolution cell and thus itself – and thus away from the targeted ship. make it more difficult for a decoy to activate while it is in the resolution cell along with the intended target. If an independently AN AIRCRAFT PROTECTION EXAMPLE maneuvered target is launched from the target location and imThe Miniature Air Launched Decoy (MALD) is an important mediately activated, it will be acquired by the threat radar if its example of an independently maneuvered decoy. (See figure 6.)

SEDUCTION DECOYS

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

44

DECOY

DECOY ACQUIRED BY RADAR HERE

COMPRESSED RADAR RESOLUTION CELL TARGET

RADAR

Figure 4: If a decoy is moved through a radar’s resolution cell and returns more 4: Ifto a decoy is moved RADARsitresolution cell and signal Figure strength the radar than through the skina return, can capture the returns radar’s more tracking signal strength to the radar than the skin return, it can capture the RADAR’s tracking function away from the intended target. function away from the intended target.

Figure 5: The NULKA decoy is launched from a ship and then moves away in an optimum direction to lead an antiship missile away from its intended target.

Figure 5: The NULKA decoy is launched from a ship and then moves away in an optimum direction to lead an anti-ship missile away from its intended target.

15th Annual AOC Electronic Warfare Europe Future EW - Innovation, Information & Interoperability M AY 2 6 - 2 8 , 2 0 1 5

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STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN

As Nations re-focus on contingency operations after over a decade of counter-insurgency there are many challenges and opportunities for governments, the military, academia, science and technology and industry. Events in 2014 have reminded us of the deadly nature of RF guided weaponry and that the counter-insurgency threat has not gone away, but intensified. Air attacks on IS terrorists in Syria and Iraq are inevitably enabled by the usual panoply of Electromagnetic (EM) operations: SIGINT; C4ISR; precise navigation and timing; targeting; communications, spectrum management and the whole gamut of EW. EM-enabled cyber operations are part of defeating terrorists as well as state actors across the spectrum of warfare, starting with influence and counter-propaganda and most likely going much further. National forces are being re-shaped and re-equipped to face the future which will be contested, congested, complex, connected and constrained and potentially chaotic unless the right informed choices are made now. AOC EW Stockholm 2015 will look at future EW from three connected perspectives – innovation by industry, government agencies and academia, the importance of information (including cyber) and interoperability both of capabilities like EW, SIGINT and ISR, and between services and partners in joint, combined and coalition operations.

SAVE THE DATE

A global EW networking, exhibition, seminar and conference not to be missed!

For more information visit www.crows.org.

E W101 It flies like an airplane and carries a payload that imitates the airplane’s skin return but with increased power. Remember that fooling sophisticated radars requires sophisticated circuitry in the decoy in order for the decoy to be accepted as a valid target. The MALD is launched from the protected aircraft and maneuvers away in an optimum direction with speed and turning values consistent with the capabilities of the protected aircraft. Figure 6: A MALD captures the tracking function of an enemy radar and moves its resolution cell away from Since it is a large decoy, its intended target. an aircraft will carry very few MALDs, and they are not recoverable. Thus, they are most apMALD-J can also protect an aircraft against modern missile propriate for use during the terminal phase of a missile attack systems which have “home-on-jam” capability. or in some situation in which an attack is imminent. It is interesting to note that there Figure is also a6: version of the WHAT’S NEXT function of an enemy radar and A MALD captures the tracking MALD called the MALD-J which has a jamming payload. This cell away Nextfrom month, will starttarget. a (short) new series on radio propamoves its resolution its we intended jammer is most valuable in a “stand-in” role in which it is gation over water. There are several future column series subjects f lown nearer to one or more threat radars than the aircraft under consideration: including navigation warfare, high energy it is protecting. It’s close proximity to the radar allows it microwave and lasers, and low frequency radars. Your comments to create very significant jamming to signal ratio (J/S) and suggestions are always welcome. Dave Adamy can be reached to overcome the capabilities of modern threat radars. The at [email protected]. a

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

46

AOC Professional Development Courses Plan now to attend upcoming AOC courses and take advantage of expanded LIVE online webcourse options. FEBRUARY 4

APRIL 30

Essential EW Terms and Concepts

Coping with Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) Radar

Location: LIVE Webcourse | Instructor: Dr. Patrick Ford

Location: Live Webcourse | Instructor: Dr. Richard Wiley

APRIL 14-17  

EW 104: Critical Thinking and Problem Solving for Electronic Warfare

MAY 12-15

Location: NGC Linthicum, Maryland  | Instructor: Dr. Patrick Ford

Essentials of 21st Century Electronic Warfare

 MARCH 4

Location: Alexandria, VA | Instructor: Mr. Robert Samuel

Introduction to Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Location: LIVE Webcourse | Instructor: Dr. Patrick Ford

Visit www.crows.org for more information

JED-M0215 AOC Course Ad HP_MKG.indd 1

15-01-26 12:54 PM

news WINDY CITY CHAPTER RECOGNIZES COLONEL MOCIO

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

47

DIXIE CROW SYMPOSIUM 40

AOC Industry and Institute/University Members SUSTAINING

Allen-Vanguard

Electro-Metrics

Microsemi Corporation

SR Technologies

Alpha Design Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

Elektrobit Wireless Communications Ltd.

Micro Systems

SRC, Inc. SRCTec, Inc.

AMPEX Data Systems

ELTA Systems Ltd

MiKES Microwave Electronic Systems Inc.

Amplifier Technology Limited

EM Research Inc.

Miles Industrial Electronics Ltd.

STI Electronics, Inc.

Anaren Microwave, Inc.

Empower RF Systems

Milso AB

Stay On-Line

Annapolis Micro Systems, Inc.

ESL Defence Limited

MITEQ, Inc.

Sunshine Aero Industries

ESROE Limited

The MITRE Corporation

Anritsu

SURVICE Engineering Co.

Esterline Defense Group

ApisSys SAS

Symetrics Industries, LLC

ETM Electromatic Inc.

Modern Technology Solutions, Inc.

ARINC, Inc.

e2v Aerospace and Defense, Inc.

Mountain RF Sensors Inc.

Aselsan A.S.

Multiconsult Srl

ATGI

EW Simulation Technology Ltd

ATK Defense Electronic Systems

EWTW LLC

New World Solutions, Inc.

Systems & Processes Engineering Corp.

Atkinson Aeronautics & Technology, Inc.

FEI-Elcom Tech, Inc.

Nova Defence

SystemWare Inc.

Gigatronics Inc.

OPAL-RT Technologies Inc.

Tactical Technologies Inc.

Rohde & Schwarz USA

Atos IT Solutions and Services AG

GMRE Inc.

Overlook Systems Technology

Saab Electronic Defense Systems

Parker Aerospace (SprayCool)

Tadiran Electronic Systems Ltd.

Auriga Microwave

Hittite Microwave Honeywell International

Peralex

Tech Comm Inc.

Hunter Technology Corp.

Tech Resources, Inc.

Impact Science & Technology

Phoenix International Systems, Inc.

Impulse Technologies Inc.

Plath, GmbH

TECOM Industries

Information Warfare Technologies

Protium Technologies, Inc.

TEK Microsystems, Inc.

Q-Microwave

Tektronix Component Solutions

Innovationszentrum Fur Telekommunikation -stechnik GmbH (IZT)

Q-Par Angus

Tektronix, Inc.

Queued Solutions, L.L.C.

Teledyne Technologies

Radio Frequency Simulation Systems

Teleplan AS

BAE Systems Ball Aerospace Technologies The Boeing Company Chemring Group Plc DRS Defense Solutions Electronic Warfare Associates Exelis General Atomics General Dynamics Keysight Technologies Lockheed Martin Mercury Computer Systems Northrop Grumman Raytheon Company Rockwell Collins

TASC Thales Communications

Azure Summit Technologies, Inc.

MILITARY UNITS

Battlespace Simulations, Inc.

453 EWS/EWD Research 51 Sqn, Royal Air Force Japan Air Self-Defense Force

48

JEWOSU VMAQ-1

BJG Blue Ridge Envisioneering, Inc. Booz & Allen Hamilton Cobham DES M/A-Com Colorado Engineering Inc.

Integrated Microwave Technologies, LLC

COMINT Consulting

Intelligent RF Solutions

Comtech PST

ISPAS as

Concord Components Inc.

IW Mircowave Products Division

CPI

Cobham Sensor Systems

Sypris Data Systems Systematic Software Engineering

Technology Security Associates

Teligy

Radixon

Ten-Tec Inc.

Research Associates of Syracuse, Inc.

TERASYS Technologies, LLC

JP Morgan Chase

Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG

Textron Systems

Crane Aerospace & Electronics

JT3, LLC

Roschi Rohde & Schwarz AG

Georgia Tech Research Institute

CRFS Limited

Keragis Corporation

Mercer Engineering Research Center

CSIR

KRYTAR, Inc.

Rotating Precision Mechanisms Inc.

CSP Associates

Kudelski Security

RUAG Holding

CyberVillage Networkers Inc.

L-3 Communications

SAT Corporation

L-3 Communications-Applied Signal & Image Technology

SAZE Technologies

VMAQ-2

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

Avalon Electronics, Inc.

My-konsult

SRI International

VMAQ-3 VMAQ-4

INSTITUTE/ UNIVERSITY

MIT Lincoln Laboratory National EW Research and Simulation Center

GOVERNMENT GROUP Defence Science & Technology Agency (DSTA) Naval Research Center, Dahlgren Division

Dayton-Granger, Inc. dB Control Defense Engineering Corporation Defence R&D Canada Defense Research Associates Inc.

L-3 Communications Cincinnati Electronics

Science Applications International Corporation

TERMA A/S Thales Components Corp. Thales Homeland Security Times Microwave Systems TINEX AS TMD Technologies TRAK Microwave Transformational Security, LLC TriaSys Technologies Corp.

Scientific Research Corporation

TriQuint Inc.

L-3 Communications/ Randtron Antenna Systems

SELEX Galileo Inc.

Tri Star Engineering

Sematron

TRU Corporation

LS telcom AG MacAulay-Brown

Siemens IT Solutions and Services

Ultra Electronics Avalon Systems

GROUP

Delcross Technologies LLC

Mass Consultants

Sierra Nevada Corporation

Ultra Electronics TCS Inc.

3dB Labs Inc.

Delta Microwave

MBDA France

Sivers IMA AB

VMR Electronics LLC

ACI Technologies

DHPC Technologies, Inc.

MC Countermeasures, Inc.

Soneticom, Inc.

W.L. Gore & Associates

Aeronix

DRS Tactical Systems

MDA Systems

SOS International

W5 Technologies, Inc.

Aethercomm, Inc.

D-TA Systems, Inc.

MEDAV GmbH

SOURIAU PA&E

Wavepoint Research, Inc.

A.G. Franz, LLC

Dynetics, Inc.

MegaPhase

SpecPro-Inc.

Werlatone Inc.

Airbus Defence and Space GmbH

EADS North America

Mercury Defense Systems

Spectranetix, Inc.

Wideband Systems, Inc.

Alion Science and Technology

Elbit Systems EW and SIGINT – Elisra

Micro-Coax, Inc.

Spectrum Signal Processing by Vecima

X-Com Systems

Micro Communications Inc.

Zodiac Data Systems

Index

of ad ve r tise r s

JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense (ISSN 0192-429X), is published monthly by Naylor, LLC, for the Association of Old Crows, 1000 N. Payne St., Ste. 200, Alexandria, VA 22314-1652.

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The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

Periodicals postage paid at Alexandria, VA, and additional mailing offices. Subscriptions: JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense, is sent to AOC members and subscribers only. Subscription rates for paid subscribers are $160 per year in the US, $240 per year elsewhere; single copies and back issues (if available) $12 each in the US; $25 elsewhere.

ApisSys SAS ............................................ www.apissys.com ..............................................20 AR Worldwide ......................................... www.arworld.us/covered ................................... 11 ARS Products .......................................... www.arsproducts.com .......................................31 Ciao Wireless, Inc. ................................... www.ciaowireless.com.......................................14 Comtech PST Corp. ................................... www.comtechpst.com........................................21 Dow Key Microwave Corporation ............... www.dowkey.com .............................................10 Elbit Systems EW and SIGINT-Elisra Ltd. ........................... www.elbitsystems.com ......................................13 Elettronica SpA ....................................... www.elt-roma.com ..................... Inside Back Cover EW Simulation Technology Ltd. ................ www.ewst.co.uk................................................. 3 FEI-Elcom Tech, Inc. ................................ www.fei-elcomtech.com ....................................16 GEW Technologies (PTY) Ltd ..................... www.GEW.co.za.................................................. 8 Giga-tronics Incorporated ........................ www.go-asg.gigatronics.com/AXIe .....................17 IMS 2015 ................................................ www.ims2015.org..............................................18 Keysight Technologies ............................. www.keysight.com/find/UXG4EW ....................... 5 MACOM ................................................... www.macom.com/ad .......................................... 9 Mercury Systems ..................................... www.mrcy.com/OpenRFM ..................................19 Navy League of the United States ............. www.seaairspace.org .........................................23 Raytheon Company.................................. www.raytheon.com/spectrum .....Inside Front Cover Rohde & Schwarz .........................................www.rohde-schwarz.com/ad/ias ...Outside Back Cover Signal Hound .......................................... www.SignalHound.com......................................25 TEK Microsystems, Inc. ............................ www.tekmicro.com ...........................................28 W. L. Gore & Associates ............................ www.gore.com/simulator .................................... 7

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Official eNewsletter

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JED

quick look

Details

Page #

4DSP, analog-to-digital converters ..................................................... 36

Maritime Cryptologic Systems for the 21st Century (MCS 21), US Navy ....................................................................... 26 Maxim Integrated, analog-to-digital converters.................................. 36

Advanced Radio Magnetic Powder for Additive Manufacturing............. 22

MBD-567 SIGINT system, Royal Australian Navy.................................. 31

Air Force Research Lab, Information Directorate ................................. 22

Medium Weight Electronic Surveillance Capability (MWESC) ................ 24

AN/SSQ-124(V) COBLU ....................................................................... 29

Mercury Systems, analog-to-digital converters ................................... 38

Analog Devices, analog-to-digital converters...................................... 36

Multi-Channel, High Resolution, High Dynamic Range, Broadband RF Mapping System.......................................................................... 19

Annapolis Micro Systems, analog-to-digital converters ....................... 36

New Mid-IR Laser Power Scaling Technology via Fiber Combiner........... 20

ANZAC frigate CESM upgrade, Royal New Zealand Navy........................ 32

Next Generation EW Human Machine Interface (HMI) for Submarines ........................................................................... 22

AOC News......................................................................................... 63 ApisSys, analog-to-digital converters, analog-to-digital converters ..... 36 Argon ST, Lighthouse 3.0 ................................................................. 28 Argon ST, SSEE ................................................................................. 26 AS-4708 Hemispherical Broad Band Direction Finding antenna ............ 29 AS-4710 High Gain Information Operations antenna, SSEE .................. 29 Automated Terrestrial EMI Emitter Locator for AFSCN Ground Stations . 19 Babcock, Shaman infrastructure and support contract........................ 30 Breakdown Resistant Materials for HPM Sources ................................. 19 Cognitive Algorithm Development for Aircraft Survivability ................ 20 Col Mark Mocio, LAIRCM.................................................................... 47

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2015

Page #

Advanced Modeling and Visualization of Effects for Future Electronic Warfare Systems .......................................... 20

Analog-to-digital converters ............................................................. 35

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Details

Controllable Contested Environment (CCE), AFRL ................................ 22 Curtiss-Wright Controls, Defense Solutions, analog-to-digital converters ........................................................ 36 Defence Avionics Research Establishment (DARE), EW suite for Light Combat Aircraft ............................................................ 24 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, RadioMap ...................... 16 Digital Direction Finding System for the Next Generation Submarine EW .................................................... 22 Electronic Warfare Battle Manager Situation Awareness (EWBM-SA) ..... 19 Electronic Warfare Circumvent and Recover ....................................... 20 Enhanced Active Decoy Round, study ................................................ 24 Exelis, ESM system for Swedish Navy submarines................................ 24 GÖLGE, stand-off jammer program ..................................................... 24 Hammerhead, Type 23 frigate CESM ................................................... 31 Hittite Microwave Corp., analog-to-digital converters ......................... 36 Hostile Fire Detection and Neutralization .......................................... 19 Ignition Composition with Low Moisture Susceptibility....................... 22 Indian Air Force, Light Combat Aircraft EW ........................................ 24 Joint Aircraft Survivability Program, BAA ......................................... 22 L-3 TRL Technology, Medium Weight Electronic –-Surveillance Capability (MWESC) ............................................... 24 Laser Weapon System Demonstrator ................................................... 15 Linear Technology, analog-to-digital converters ................................. 36 Low-Cost-By-Design Widely Tunable Mid-Wave Infrared Surface Emitting Lasers.................................................. 20

Office of Naval Research ................................................................... 15 Office of Naval Research, Aerospace Science Research Division (ONR Code 351) SEWEED ............................................................... 22 Pentek Inc., analog-to-digital converters ........................................... 38 Project SEA 4000, Royal Australian Navy............................................ 31 Qinetiq, MEWS ................................................................................. 24 Radar Decoys, Part 8, EW 101 ............................................................ 42 RadioMap, DARPA ............................................................................. 16 RF Tactical Alerting System (RF TAS)................................................. 16 Seaseeker, Royal Navy ...................................................................... 29 Selex ES, EADR study ........................................................................ 24 Shaman, Royal Navy ......................................................................... 29 Shipboard SIGINT ............................................................................. 26 Ship-launched EW Extended Endurance Decoy (SEWEED) ..................... 22 Ships SIGINT Exploitation Equipment (SSEE) ...................................... 26 Signatec, analog-to-digital converters ............................................... 38 Small Business Innovative Research Solicitation, EW and SIGINT topics .................................................................. 18 Southwest Research Institute, MBD-567 SIGINT system ....................... 31 Spectrum Signal Processing, analog-to-digital converters ................... 38 SRD-504, Southwest Research Institute ............................................. 33 SSEE, Graywing and Paragon enhancements ....................................... 29 Strongbow radio direction finding program, Canadian Navy ................ 32 Swedish Navy, ES-3701 submarine ESM system.................................... 24 TEK Micro, analog-to-digital converters ............................................. 40 Tektronix Component Solutions, analog-to-digital converters .............. 40 Texas Instruments, analog-to-digital converters................................. 40 Thomas H. Jones, Northrop Grumman ................................................ 22 True Double-clad Fully Crystalline Laser Fiber Development for DEW Applications ............................................................................... 20 Turkey, stand-off jamming system ..................................................... 24 UAS for EW ...................................................................................... 12 USS Ponce, Laser Weapon System demo .............................................. 15 Wireless and Large Scale Distributed Operations (WALDO) ................... 16

Visit the AOC EW/SIGINT Resource Guide online at www.ewsigint.org.

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At the top. Integrated antenna systems from Rohde & Schwarz. Rohde & Schwarz integrated antenna systems (IAS) combine antennas for communications, navigation, intelligence and warning systems. Installed on a single mast, their ingenious design makes them space-saving yet interference-free. IAS from Rohde & Schwarz are shock-resistant, vibration-proof and lightning-protected. They withstand even the harshest weather conditions in the maritime environment. Integrated antenna systems from Rohde & Schwarz are robust, but also sensitive over an extremely wide frequency range from 1 MHz to 40 GHz. www.rohde-schwarz.com/ad/ias

XXX Xxx fp CMYK premium position p. 4